{"id":1201,"date":"2022-02-05T21:13:07","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T21:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/sources-bibliography-notes-on-the-catholic-church-clericalism-and-homosexuality\/"},"modified":"2022-02-11T18:32:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T18:32:02","slug":"sources-bibliography-notes-on-the-catholic-church-clericalism-and-homosexuality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/sources-bibliography-notes-on-the-catholic-church-clericalism-and-homosexuality\/","title":{"rendered":"Sources, Bibliography, Notes on the Catholic Church, Clericalism and Homosexuality"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Table of content<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Note to the readers<\/li>\n<li>Sources (organized by alphabetical order, as a dictionary)<\/li>\n<li>Quotations &amp; Credits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Note to the readers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>This mini dictionary is a multiple source companion document on the Catholic Church in relation to the book <\/em>Sodoma, <em>published in 2019 in fifteen languages (the English title of the book is : <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican).<\/p>\n<p><em>It has more than two hundred entries of places, persons and sources with more than one thousand book references and article links. They are organized in alphabetic order to make it easily searchable. Readers will also find at the end of this document the quotations and credits ; they will find <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fredericmartel.com\/team-researchers-and-thanks-lequipe-de-sodoma-et-les-remerciements\/\">here<\/a><\/strong> the team of researchers and translators who have been part of this international project. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This bibliography is not focusing solely on homosexuality but also on the general history of church, clericalism, politics, papacies and other social issues etc.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This document is a work in progress. It will be updated and corrected. (For any corrections or complements, please write to : martel2021@yahoo.com)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>See also\u00a0&amp; Follow us on :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr\">http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Facebook : @fredericmartel<\/li>\n<li>Instagram\u00a0: @martelfrederic<\/li>\n<li>Twitter : @martelf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u00a9\u00a9 CREATIVE COMMONS \u2013 This document is published under a Creative Commons licence\u00a0: BY-NC. Licensees may copy or distribute this document only if they mention the credits (name of the document, its author, the related book and this website with a clikable URL) and only for non-commercial purposes. For others uses, please contact us.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 A \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Africa<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : AIDS ; Cardinal Robert Sarah ; Cardinal L\u00f3pez Trujillo.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>On Africa (general)<\/strong>, I have used : Jean-Michel Severino &amp; Olivier Ray, <em>Le Temps de l\u2019Afrique<\/em>, Odile Jacob, 2010\u00a0; Martin Meredith, <em>The Fate of Africa\u00a0: from the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair\u00a0: a history of fifty years of Independence<\/em>, Public Affairs, 2010.<em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Section 377 and colonial homophobia<\/strong> : Several African, Middle-Eastern and Asian countries have the same \u201cSection 377\u201d in their penal code. It comes from British colonialism (the article n\u00b0377 was first implemented in India then in the rest of the commonwealth). On this issue, see Human Rights Watch, \u00ab\u00a0This alien legacy: The origins of sodomy laws in British colonialism\u00a0\u00bb, Dec 17, 2008 (see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\/en\/reports\/2008\/12\/17\/alien-legacy-0\">http:\/\/www.hrw.org<\/a>)\u00a0; Robert Aldrich, <em>Colonialism and Homosexuality<\/em>, Routlege, 2003\u00a0; Ronald Hyam, <em>Empire and Sexuality\u00a0: The British Experience<\/em>, Manchester University, 1990. On this subject, see also my book <em>Global Gay<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013, pp. 141-142 and 192 ; I re-use some of these paragraphs in <em>Sodoma<\/em>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Catholic Church and Africa<\/strong>, see: Robert Calderisi, <em>Earthly Mission, The Catholic Church and world development<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2013 (pp. 80, 81, 234).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On AIDS in Africa <\/strong>: \u25ca see AIDS.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the situation in Uganda and the assassination of <\/strong><strong>David Kato<\/strong> see\u00a0: Jeffrey Gettleman &amp; Josh Kron, <em>New York Times<\/em>, Jan 4, 2010, May 2, 2010, Jan 27, 2011, Jan 29, 2011 (\u00ab\u00a0Remembering David Kato, a Gay Ugandan and a Marked Man\u00a0\u00bb) and Feb 3, 2011. On the same subject, see \u00ab\u00a0Gay in Ouganda\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New Yorker<\/em>, Feb 2, 2011 and \u00ab\u00a0Out in Africa\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New Yorker<\/em>, Dec 24, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On South Africa<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Marc Gevisser &amp; Edwin Cameron, ed., <em>Defiant Desire\u00a0: Gay and Lesbian Lives in South Africa,<\/em> Routlege, 1995\u00a0; Shaun de Waal, Anthony Manion, ed., <em>Pride, Protest and Celebration<\/em>, ed. Fanele, 2006\u00a0; Shaun de Waal, Anthony Manion, Melanie Judge, ed., <em>To Have &amp; To Hold, The making of same-sex marriage in South Africa<\/em>, ed. Fanele, 2008. See also\u00a0: Edwin Cameron, <em>Witness to Aids<\/em>, ed. Tafelberg, 2005 (with a preface by Nelson Mandela). On \u00ab\u00a0corrective rapes\u00a0\u00bb, see the report by Human Rights Watch, \u00ab\u00a0We\u2019ll show you you\u2019re a woman, Violence and discrimination against Black Lesbians and Transgender Men in South Africa\u00a0\u00bb, brochure 76 p., 2011. On Nelson Mandela, see : Nelson Mandela, <em>Long Walk to Freedom<\/em> (see Part 11th, \u00ab\u00a0Freedom\u00a0\u00bb), Little, Brown and Company, 1994\u00a0; Jean Guiloineau, <em>Nelson Mandela<\/em>, Plon, 1990\u00a0; Nelson Mandela, <em>Conversations with Myself <\/em>(introduction by Barack Obama), Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em>, in chapter(s) : 14, \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 14 \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s Diplomacy\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aguer (Hector<\/strong><strong>) <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Archbishop of Argentina<br \/>\n\u2013 Archbishop of La Plata (Argentina) from 2000 to 2018. He has been considered one of the main opponents of Jorge Bergoglio in Argentina. Both Aguer and Bergoglio initially developed a parallel career. During the 1980s, they worked as rectors of seminaries in the same city (San Miguel) and were appointed auxiliary bishops of Buenos Aires the same year. They have represented <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2017\/10\/20\/vaticaninsider\/es\/reportajes-y-entrevistas\/argentina-el-largo-adis-del-arzobispo-aguer-OnIqTLaduZvlJeNdDjYovJ\/pagina.html\">opposite visions<\/a> within the Argentine bishops\u2019 conference. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/1-214059-2013-02-17.html\">See also this article<\/a> on his links to cardinals Leonardo Sandri and Angelo Sodano, as well as the Vatican lobbyist and former ambassador to the Holy See Esteban Caselli (he was also an Italian Senator). Aguer was also chaplain to the Order of Malta, which <a href=\"https:\/\/cruxnow.com\/vatican\/2017\/01\/13\/popes-history-knights-malta-linked-current-row\/\">was against Bergoglio<\/a> when he was archbishop of Buenos Aires.\u00a0\u2022\u00a0See also these articles and books about Aguer\u2019s links to the banker Francisco Trusso (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/1-214059-2013-02-17.html\">Pagina 12<\/a> and Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Argentine\u00a0dictatorship<\/strong> : Aguer was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/subnotas\/1-13255-2004-07-11.html\">accused of denouncing the priest Pablo Gazzarri<\/a>, who was kidnapped and disappeared in 1976, according to the testimonies of two priests disclosed by Father Eduardo de la Serna. No judicial charges were filed against Aguer, so there has not been any official accusation against him. (Horacio Verbitsky, <em>La mano izquierda de Dios<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2010). The bishop said trials against members of the armed forces were <a href=\"http:\/\/www.letrap.com.ar\/nota\/2016-5-26-aguer-sobre-los-crimenes-de-la-dictadura-necesitamos-olvido-borron-y-cuenta-nueva\">\u201crevenge,\u201d<\/a> and he questioned human rights policies and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.perfil.com\/noticias\/politica\/monsenor-aguer-critico-que-se-busque-imponer-la-cifra-de-30-mil-desaparecidos.phtml\">the official figures among the victims<\/a> of forced disappearance.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality, gender issues<\/strong> : Aguer acts as the spokesman of the conservative church on sexuality and gender issues. He <a href=\"http:\/\/www.perfil.com\/noticias\/politica\/las-8-definiciones-de-monsenor-aguer-sobre-los-gays-y-la-iglesia.phtml\">opposed<\/a> gay civil unions, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/sociedad\/aguer-prohibio-ensenar-matrimonio-igualitario-colegios-catolicos_0_rkEnsSWsb.html\">marriage<\/a> and adoption, the ordination of homosexual priests, transgender protection laws, feminism, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.minutouno.com\/notas\/327394-quien-es-monsenor-aguer-el-polemico-arzobispo-ultra-conservador-platense\">sex education programs<\/a> in schools, the promotion of condoms, the sexual debauchery of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eldia.com\/nota\/2016-8-23-la-fornicacion\">Olympic athletes<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telam.com.ar\/notas\/201610\/165605-monsenor-hector-aguer-critica-operaciones-gratuitas-cambio-de-genero.html\">transgender people and gender issues<\/a>, and even <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/2116245-aguer-critico-un-film-sobre-una-pareja-gay-hay-gente-empenada-en-hacer-pasar-por-natural-lo-que-no-lo-es\">the film<\/a> <em>Call me by your name<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Retirement of Aguer<\/strong> : Rodolfo Lara, \u201cEra arzobispo de La Plata y cumpli\u00f3 75 a\u00f1os, Se retir\u00f3 H\u00e9ctor Aguer, el obispo m\u00e1s pol\u00e9mico de la Iglesia argentina\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/politica\/retiro-hector-aguer-obispo-polemico-iglesia-argentina_0_r1jCTHVym.html\">Clar\u00ecn<\/a>, May 24, 2018<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 4, \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 4 \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Aids<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Africa ; Robert Sarah<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>On the history of AIDS <\/strong>: I use David France, <em>How to Survive a Plague, The Inside Story of How Citizens and Science Tamed Aids<\/em>, Knopf, 2016. On the French history of AIDS, I use sometimes my own book, F. Martel, <em>Le Rose et le Noir, Les Homosexuels en France depuis 1968<\/em>, Seuil, 1996 ; trans. in English: <em>The Pink and the Black<\/em>, Stanford University Press, 2000.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Catholic Church and AIDS<\/strong> : Patrick Verspieren \u201cL\u2019Eglise catholique face \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de sida\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-etudes-2007-2-page-213.htm\">\u00c9tudes<\/a>, 2007\/2.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the AIDS crisis <\/strong>: Paul Benkimoun, \u201cSida : la prevention est en crise, selon l\u2019ONU\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2018\/07\/18\/sida-la-prevention-est-en-crise-selon-l-onu_5333034_3244.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, July 19, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Aids in Africa<\/strong> : Robert Calderisi, <em>Earthly Mission, The Catholic Church and world development<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2013 (pp. 80, 81, 234). I have also used my previous book <em>Global Gay<\/em> (Flammarion, 2013) and I have republished a few pages from this book (pp. 190-192). See also UNAIDS and WHO, <em>Le Point sur l\u2019\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de sida<\/em>, Dec 2009, 101 p.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the death rate of priests from HIV<\/strong> : this rate is at least four times that of the general population, see Gerald Posner, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, p. 404. See also the study based on anonymized blood exams of 65 Roman seminarists, in the 1990s : 38 % were HIV positive (study quoted in Carmelo Abbate, <em>in Panorama, op. cit.<\/em>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the scandal of <\/strong><strong>Istituto Dermopatico dell\u2019 Immacolata (IDI)\u00a0: <\/strong>see Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp 235) and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2017\/06\/13\/vaticaninsider\/ita\/vaticano\/idi-lavvocatoantonio-maria-leozappa-nuovo-presidente-della-fondazione-7iCpWm8DSKiXY1ftOzdc8M\/pagina.html\">La Stampa.\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 13, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00bb and 14 \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 13th \u00ab\u00a0The croisade against gays \u00bb and 14th \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s diplomacy\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Alison (James)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Theologian and priest<br \/>\n\u2013 The English priest and theologian James Alison is a pro-LGBT right. He lived for years in Mexico, Brazil, and Spain. See : \u201cReflexiones de un sacerdote gay\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.periodistadigital.com\/religion\/opinion\/2017\/04\/17\/reflexiones-de-un-sacerdote-gay-religion-iglesia-dios-jesus-papa-francisco-fe-homosexualidad-familia-cristianos-judios-biblia-ciencia-sociedad-valores.shtml\">Newsweek en Espa\u00f1ol<\/a>, April 14, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 22, \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 21 \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9 (L\u2019)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 The expression is from Saint Thomas Aquinas an was popularized in Medieval France. See Aelred de Rievaulx, <em>L\u2019Amiti\u00e9 spirituelle<\/em>, ed. Cerf, <em>Vie Monastique<\/em> n\u00b030, Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 1994 ; Jean-Marie Gueulette, <em>L\u2019Amiti\u00e9, une \u00e9piphanie<\/em>, Cerf, 2004 ; Jacques Follon &amp; James McEvoy, <em>Sagesses de l\u2019amiti\u00e9 II<\/em>, Cef, 1998 ; see also Yves Floucat : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france-catholique.fr\/Affectivite-homophile-et-desir-homosexuel.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 A French network of gay and non-gay priests and Catholics, Aelred\u2019s Fraternity, has been created around the concept of \u201camour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u201d, see <a href=\"http:\/\/frataelred.free.fr\/aelred_vie_message.html#AbiTOC2__\">here<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/frataelred.free.fr\/aelred_vie_message.html#AbiTOC2__\">hereessai2<\/a> ; and <a href=\"http:\/\/frataelred.free.fr\/aelred_vie_message.html#AbiTOC2__\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Saint Aelred de Rievaulx, see\u00a0also : John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 225-226. And see Andrew Sullivan, \u201cGay Priests and the lives they no longer want to hide\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/01\/gay-priests-catholic-church.html\">New York Magazine<\/a>, Jan 21, 2019.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 7 and 8, \u00ab\u00a0Le code Maritain \u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Amour d\u2019Amiti\u00e9 \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 7 &amp; 8 \u00ab The Maritain code\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anatrella<\/strong><strong> (Tony)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French priest (suspended)<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: Reparative Therapy.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Tony Anatrella published several books related to the LGBT issue, AIDS and \u00ab\u00a0gender theory \u00bb. He had an important influence in the Vatican under Pope Benedict XVI and has been an expert on sexual issues and a member of several Pontifical Councils in the Vatican (family, health etc.). He has been an advocate against civil unions and gay marriage and a fierce opponent of the presence of homosexuals in the Church.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2006, and again in 2016, Anatrella was denounced for sexual abuses against some of his male patients. After a large scandal with more than ten witnesses denouncing Anatrella, opening possible criminal convictions, the French cardinal Andr\u00e9 Vingt-Trois opened a canonical trial against Anatrella. See : Sophie des D\u00e9serts, \u201cLes Th\u00e9rapies tr\u00e8s sp\u00e9ciales de Mgr Anatrella\u201d, <em>Le Nouvel Obs<\/em>, 16 novembre 2006 ; See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/societe\/le-pere-psy-anatrella-n-en-a-pas-fini-avec-la-justice-de-l-eglise-21-11-2017-2174086_23.php\">Le Point<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavie.fr\/religion\/catholicisme\/mgr-vingt-trois-ouvre-un-proces-canonique-a-l-encontre-de-tony-anatrella-20-02-2017-80094_16.php\">La Vie<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavie.fr\/religion\/catholicisme\/enquete-sur-le-systeme-anatrella-18-10-2016-77006_16.php\">La Vie<\/a> (2) ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceculture.fr\/emissions\/le-monde-selon-caroline-fourest\/tony-anatrella-un-nouveau-scandale-embarrassant-pour-l\">France Culture<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/religions\/article\/2017\/02\/21\/abus-sexuels-une-procedure-canonique-contre-le-pretre-psy-tony-anatrella_5082660_1653130.html\">Le Monde<\/a> (and hundreds of others articles).<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2018, Mgr Aupetit, archbishop of Paris confirmed the sanction against Mgr Anatrella : see Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cMgr Tony Anatrella sanctionn\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00c9glise\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/premium.lefigaro.fr\/flash-actu\/2018\/07\/04\/97001-20180704FILWWW00168-soupcons-d-abus-sexuels-un-psy-de-l-eglise-sanctionne.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, July 5, 2018 (and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/societe\/20180918.OBS2519\/abus-sexuels-tony-anatrella-le-psy-de-l-eglise-aux-etranges-pratiques.html\">L\u2019Obs<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 17, \u00ab\u00a0La fille a\u00een\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9glise\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter 19, \u00ab\u00a0Seminarians\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Anti-Pope Francis movement<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See Pope Francis<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/\">LifeSiteNews<\/a> : this website is the media outlet of the Campaign Life Coalition (Campaign Life), a Canadian-based political lobby founded in 1978. This organization tries to build a conservative agenda against abortion, euthanasia and same-sex marriage. It is based in Toronto.<br \/>\n\u2022 Daily News reports : this website is also linked to the Campaign Life Coalition.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 2, \u00ab\u00a0La th\u00e9orie du genre\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 2 \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Arcadie<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French homophile association.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 On Arcadie, see the chapter I dedicated to its history, in <em>Le Rose et le Noir, Les Homosexuels en France depuis 1968<\/em>, Le Seuil, 1996, chapter III, pp. 87-117\u00a0; this book is translated in English under the title <em>The Pink and the Black<\/em>, Stanford University Press, 2000. I interviewed its founder Andr\u00e9 Baudry at lengh in 1995, in two separate interviews, in Nice, France\u00a0; I also interviewed Jacques de Ricaumont and Roger Peyrefitte, co-founders of Arcadie several times.<br \/>\n\u2013 A British historian, Julian Jackson, also wrote an interesting history of Arcadie, for the Autrement serie \u00ab\u00a0Sexes en Tous Genres\u00a0\u00bb, n\u00b0256 : <em>Arcadie, La vie homosexuelle en France, de l\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre \u00e0 la d\u00e9p\u00e9nalisation<\/em>, Autrement, 2009 (unfortunately, Jackson with his anglosaxon prism, does not always understand French singularity or secularism).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 7, \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 7 \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain code \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Argentina<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca For Pope Francis, see : Pope Francis. For Theology of Liberation : see Theology of Liberation. On dictato<\/em><em>rship see also: Pio Laghi.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 General reading about Catholicism in Argentina : I mainly use articles and books by Ver\u00f3nica Gim\u00e9nez B\u00e9liveau, who is a specialist of Catholicism in Argentina : see her main book, <em>Cat\u00f3licos militantes<\/em>, 2006.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Dictatorship (1976-83).<\/strong> A large portion of the Argentine Catholic Church had a decisive role of support and legitimation of the military regime. Historical, judicial, and human rights organizations investigations have established that members of the church participated in the torture of detainees in illegal concentration camps and detention centers, provided spiritual support to the torturers, legitimized extermination methods through theological foundations, and concealed information about the final destination of the victims from the relatives who turned to them. Members of the Church who were victims as a consequence of their pastoral work were left unprotected in many occasions. \u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cels.org.ar\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/IA2015-3-La-trayectoria-de-la-cuestion-civil-en-el-proceso-de-justicia-argentino-1.pdf\">In criminal cases<\/a>, numerous priests, including bishops, have been mentioned in connection with crimes. However, most died before being investigated, others have been accused or are under request of international extradition, and many have not been yet investigated. A few of them were convicted. \u2022 The official report of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.desaparecidos.org\/nuncamas\/web\/investig\/articulo\/nuncamas\/nmas1i01.htm\">National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons<\/a> (1984) accounts for individual responsibilities of clergymen who participated or were complicit in human rights violations. It specially mentioned the cases of military chaplains and vicars, and registered the use of ecclesiastical properties as illegal detention centers. The participation of members of the Church was also recorded in the historical Trial of the Juntas (1985).<br \/>\n\u2013 There is an extensive bibliography on the role of the Catholic Church during the Argentine dictatorship, including : Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002 (I especially use this book : Olga Wornat interviewed Pio Laghi, Sodano, Sandri, Bergoglio) ; Emilio Mignone, <em>Iglesia y dictadura<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Colihue, 1986 ; ; M. Soledad Catoggio, <em>Los desaparecidos de la Iglesia<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Siglo XXI, 2016 ; Lucas Bilbao, and Ariel Lede, <em>Profeta del genocidio<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2016 (on the role of bishop Victorio Bonam\u00edn) ; Loris Zanatta, <em>La larga agon\u00eda de la Naci\u00f3n cat\u00f3lica<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2015 ; Luis Miguel Donatello, <em>Catolicismo y Montoneros<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Manantial, 2010 (a sociological work on the relationship between Catholicism and the Peronist guerrilla left until the coup) ; Roberto Di Stefano, and Loris Zanatta, <em>Historia de la Iglesia argentina<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2015 (a more comprehensive work on the history of the Argentine Church) ; Juan Cruz Esquivel, <em>Detr\u00e1s de los muros<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, 2004 (on Church-Government relations in the democratic transition during the 90s) ; The journalist Horacio Verbitsky has published a long series of investigations on that period: <em>El vuelo<\/em> (Buenos Aires, Planeta, 1995); <em>El silencio<\/em> (Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2005); <em>Doble juego<\/em> (Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2006), and <em>La mano izquierda de Dios<\/em> (Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2010).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Dictatorship and Pope Francis : <\/strong>Bergoglio\u2019s role during the Argentine dictatorship has been a source of controversy. Between 1973 and 1979, he was Provincial Superior of the Jesuits in Argentina, coinciding with the first half of the military regime. \u2022 Since 1999, the journalist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/1-215961-2013-03-17.html\">Horacio Verbitsky<\/a> has published a series of articles in which he reveals the alleged collaboration of Bergoglio with Marine officers in the kidnapping of the Jesuit priests Orlando Yorio and Francisco Jalics. According to this version, Bergoglio expelled the priests accusing them of having links with guerilla organizations in their work in a shantytown of Buenos Aires. In this way, Bergoglio would have removed protection and allowed the disappearance of the priests, who were released five months later after being tortured. (Some of the articles were removed from the newspaper\u2019s website after Bergoglio was elected pope, but <a href=\"https:\/\/tn.com.ar\/politica\/estas-son-las-notas-contra-el-papa-que-verbitsky-hizo-borrar_545603\">can be found here<\/a>; also see Horacio Verbitsky, <em>El silencio<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2005). \u2022 In 2010, Bergoglio <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/1563019-bergoglio-declaro-como-testigo-en-la-causa-por-el-secuestro-de-dos-curas\">testified as a witness<\/a> in a judicial process for the crimes committed in the concentration camp known as ESMA, were Yorio and Jalics were detained. The court decided not to investigate Bergoglio based on the lack of evidence. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/1563867-para-la-justicia-argentina-las-denuncias-contra-bergoglio-son-falsas\">According to one of the judges<\/a>, \u201cit is totally false to say that Jorge Bergoglio betrayed those priests. We analyzed it, we listened to that version, we saw the evidence, and we understood that his actions had no legal implications in these cases.\u201d He added: \u201cWe did not judge whether Bergoglio was more or less courageous; the question is if he betrayed the priests or not, and we agreed that there were no reasons for us to denounce him.\u201d \u2022 In <em>Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio <\/em>by Sergio Rubin and Francesca Ambrogetti (London, Hodder &amp; Stoughton, 2015); originally published in Argentina as <em>El jesuita <\/em>(Buenos Aires, Vergara, 2010), Bergoglio addressed the issue. He recounted how he helped politically persecuted people (something that victims, relatives, and witnesses have corroborated) and defended his actions to obtain the release of Yorio and Jalics, denying any participation in the disappearance. \u2022 The testimonies of Yorio and Jalics were contradictory. Yorio died in 2000; Jalics, while initially blaming Bergoglio, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jesuiten.org\/aktuelles\/details\/article\/erganzende-erklarung-von-pater-franz-jalics-sj.html\">in 2013 denied that the Pope had denounced them<\/a>.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Andr\u00e9s Gioeni <\/strong>(born in 1971). Argentine ex-priest, the first to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/sociedad\/3-26330-2003-10-05.html\">get married to his gay husband<\/a>. He was ordained in 2000 and a few years later he left the priesthood. Since then, he has become an actor, underwear model, and posed nude for the cover of the gay magazine <em>Imperio<\/em> (2002). The photos provoked a scandal in his hometown Mendoza. In 2013, Gioeni wrote an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2013\/07\/31\/vaticaninsider\/eng\/world-news\/former-gaypriest-in-argentina-asks-pope-to-renew-the-churchs-moral-teaching-on-sexuality-5GLZ7wLi9h5t1CsSr7nPLK\/pagina.html\">open letter to Pope Francis<\/a> given his apparent opening towards homosexuality. The text had great international repercussions. He urged the Pontiff to \u201cdeepen the opening and renew the Church\u2019s moral teaching on sexuality.\u201d He also wrote a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bubok.com.ar\/libros\/196762\/Tanto-amor-desperdiciado-de-como-ser-cristiano-y-homosexual-sin-morir-en-el-intento\">book<\/a> advocating against celibacy in the Church and in favor of marriage equality.<br \/>\n\u2013<strong> Homosexuality, the Argentine Church and Pope Francis\u2019 position. <\/strong>In spite of recent claims that Pope Francis is open to homosexuality, he actively opposed the 2010 legislation that made marriage possible for gay couples in Argentina. During the legislative debate, Catholic schools, universities and other organizations, with the support of local bishops, led protests against the law throughout the country. However, the bishops did not directly participate in the demonstrations. The bishops\u2019 conference entrusted the follow-up of the law to the auxiliary bishop of La Plata Antonio Marino (Bishop H\u00e9ctor Aguer\u2019s right hand man). Marino disseminated <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aicaold.com.ar\/index.php?module=displaystory&amp;story_id=22366&amp;format=html&amp;fech=2010-07-05\">fake information and statistics against homosexuals<\/a> (he said, for example, that same-sex couples are 30 times more violent than heterosexuals). In 2009, when he was still Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Bergoglio distributed a statement against a judicial decision that authorized the marriage of a gay couple. During the debate of the law in 2010, Bergoglio wrote to a convent \u2013 the letter was released by the official Catholic news agency AICA \u2013 saying that the law is \u201cnot simply a political struggle, but it is an attempt to destroy God\u2019s plan. It is not just a bill (a mere instrument) but a \u2018move\u2019 of the father of lies who seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God.\u201d And he concluded: \u201cLet\u2019s remind [the senators] what God said to his people in a moment of great anguish: \u2018This war is not yours, but God\u2019s\u2019: defend us, then, in this war of God.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/edward-pentin\/cardinal_bergoglio_hits_out_at_same-sex_marriage\">See the English version<\/a>)<br \/>\n\u2013 Some sources say that Bergoglio supported civil unions as \u201ca lesser evil\u201d before same-sex marriage, but he never made a public statement on this. See : Osvaldo Baz\u00e1n, <em>Historia de la homosexualidad en la Argentina<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Marea, 2010 (a complete book on the history of homosexuality in Argentina) ; Marcelo Larraquy, <em>Recen por \u00e9l<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Sudamericana, 2013 (it recounts Bergoglio\u2019s position on same-sex marriage; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theclinic.cl\/2018\/01\/11\/la-cruzada-antihomosexuales-jorge-bergoglio-argentina\/\">an extract from the book is also available<\/a> \u2013 in Spanish).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Theology of the people : <\/strong>A theological current born in Argentina after the 1968 Medell\u00edn meeting of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (Celam) in response to the Second Vatican Council. Although it had little impact outside of Argentina, it became relevant as several authors recognize in it a decisive influence on Francis\u2019 pastoral approach \u2013 among them, the Jesuit theologian Juan Carlos Scannone, one of the main figures of the theology of the people and intellectual mentor of Bergoglio. Its main theologians were Lucio Gera, Rafael Tello and Scannone himself. Liberation theology expert Iv\u00e1n Petrella considers that the theology of the people emerged in parallel to liberation theology, not as a subcategory (while other authors position it as a current within liberation theology). Both have in common the concept of \u201cpreferential option for the poor,\u201d but the theology of the people is based on the Peronist political and social mass movement and consider popular religiosity as a tool for liberation, setting aside the Marxist conceptual framework of liberation theology. Other readings consider the influence of Peronism as secondary. \u2022 In present days, the theology of the people continues its development in the <em>curas villeros<\/em>, a group of priests that work in the shantytowns. Through his support, Bergoglio institutionalized and legitimized their work, as well as that of social organizations that work in the margins of Buenos Aires, such as the Movement of Excluded Workers headed by the young lawyer Juan Grabois (a consultant of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace and organizer of the Vatican-sponsored World Meeting of Popular Movements). On this subject, see : Juan Carlos Scannone, \u201cEl papa Francisco y la teolog\u00eda del pueblo,\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.generacionfrancisco.org.ar\/documentos\/Teologia%20del%20Pueblo%20-%20Scannone-2.pdf\">Raz\u00f3n y Fe<\/a>, 1395 (2015), 31-50 ; also from Scanonne<em>, La teolog\u00eda del pueblo: ra\u00edces teologicas del papa Francisco<\/em>, Santander, Sal Terrae, 2016 ; Lucio Gera, <em>La teolog\u00eda argentina del pueblo<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado, 2015 ; Rafael Luciani, <em>El Papa Francisco y la teolog\u00eda del pueblo<\/em>, Madrid, PPC, 2016 ; Sebasti\u00e1n Politi, <em>Teolog\u00eda del pueblo: una propuesta argentina a la teolog\u00eda latinoamericana, 1967-1976<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Editorial Guadalupe, 1992.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Juan Carlos Scannone<\/strong> : A theologist Jesuit, close to Bergoglio. He wrote several books on Liberation theology, among them : \u201cTh\u00e9ologie de la liberation et th\u00e9ologie du people, Le pape du du peuple\u201d. See : Juan Carlos Scannone, Le Pape du people, Bergoglio racont\u00e9 par son confr\u00e8re th\u00e9ologien, j\u00e9suite et argentin, 2015 (with Bernadette Sauvaget, interviewer).<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Jorge Gonz\u00e1lez\u00a0Manent : <\/strong>Former seminarist who did not become a priest. Knew Borges and Bergoglio (Pope Francis). See : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/noticias\/2016\/02\/160224_papa_francisco_borges_encuentro_literario_buenos_aires_amv\">BBC World article<\/a>. About the photo \u201cof the three Jorge\u201d (Bergoglio, Borg\u00e8s y Gonz\u00e1lez Manent) see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.periodistadigital.com\/religion\/mundo\/2016\/02\/28\/curiosa-historia-foto-papa-francisco-jorge-luis-borges-cuentos-religion-iglesia-dios-jesus-literatura-azar-porvenir-jorge-milia-rogelio-pfirter-vaticano-embajador.shtml\">Periodista Digital<\/a> and also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\/noticias\/2016\/02\/160224_papa_francisco_borges_encuentro_literario_buenos_aires_amv\">BBC<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Juan Carlos\u00a0Maccarone : <\/strong>He was the protagonist of one of the greatest scandals of the Catholic Church in Argentina. In 2005 he was a bishop in Argentina, his lover, a 23-year-old man, secretly recorded a video in which he had sexual relationships with Maccarone and then <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eluniverso.com\/2005\/08\/25\/0001\/14\/E1A3B196C71540C09CFD6EC59E90D5F3.html\">released it as \u201cpolitical vengeance\u201d.<\/a> The bishop presented his immediate resignation to Benedict XVI who was pope at the time. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/1780487-juan-carlos-maccarone-un-obispo-comprometido-que-se-retiro-envuelto-en-el-escandalo\">Maccarone died in 2015, at 74<\/a>.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n\u2013 Nicol\u00e1s Alessio :<\/strong>Argentinian priest who was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavoz.com.ar\/ciudadanos\/nicolas-alessio-no-pueden-borrar-lo-que-soy-sacerdote\">expelled from the Church<\/a> for his <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavoz.com.ar\/ciudadanos\/sacerdotes-cordobeses-se-expresaron-favor-del-matrimonio-gay-y-de-la-adopcion\">vocal support <\/a>in favour of homosexuals and their right to marry. (Links are in Spanish).\u00a0 Apart from Alessio, only a handful of priests supported the legislation of gay marriage.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Pink Mafia : <\/strong>Puerto-Rican Alberto Cuti\u00e9 was a Catholic priest for 15 years. In a book called <a href=\"http:\/\/aguilaroca7.blogspot.fr\/2014\/08\/por-alberto-cutie-la-mafia-rosada-del.html\">\u201cThe Pink Mafia\u201d he denounces the Church<\/a>. He says that over 60% of the clergy is gay, that to get to higher positions priests sleep with their superiors, that in the seminary there is promiscuous gay behavior and that straight seminarists even feel out of place.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On homosexuality in Argentina<\/strong> : I mainly use the book of Osvaldo Baz\u00e1n, <em>Historia de la homosexualidad en la Argentina<\/em>, Marea, 2004 (several editions, with an update on gay marriage : Osvaldo Baz\u00e1n, Historia de la homosexualidad en la Argentina, Hacia la legalidad, Marea, 2010).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse in the Argentine Church<\/strong> : There is no public official data from the Argentine bishops\u2019 conference about priests convicted of sexual abuse. In 2013, the conference approved their <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aica.org\/subidas\/1495.pdf\">guidelines<\/a> for clerical sexual abuse against minors.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Argentina\/Database.htm\">BishopAccountability.org<\/a> produced a database of Argentine clergymen publicly accused of sexually abusing minors and vulnerable adults. The list includes 70 names collected from media coverage and court fillings, most of them occurred in the last 20 years. The news agency <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telam.com.ar\/notas\/201705\/188780-curas-sacerdotes-abusadores-lista.html\">T\u00e9lam compiled<\/a> the cases of 62 members of the Church since 2002. The lists include three bishops. The most resounding case was the one of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Argentina\/Detailed_Grassi_Summary.htm\">Julio C\u00e9sar Grassi<\/a>, founder of a charity that operated children\u2019s homes and, probably, the most famous priest in Argentina at the time. Grassi was first arrested in 2002 after an investigation led by the TV reporter Miriam Lewin revealed the case (he had a previous accusation in 2000). It was only in 2017 that the Supreme Court confirmed a 15-year sentence for sexual abuse against three boys \u2013 aged 9, 13 and 17 \u2013 and the diocese of Mor\u00f3n stated that a canonical investigation of the allegations was ongoing. He is still a priest even though he cannot act publicly. (See also here).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The role of Bergoglio in the sexual abuse cases : <\/strong>In a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/news5\/2013_04_Pope_Francis_In_My_Diocese.htm\">dialogue<\/a> with the rabbi Abraham Skorka reproduced in <em>On Heaven and Earth<\/em> (New York, Image, 2013; originally published in Argentina in 2010), Jorge Bergoglio, then Archbishop of Buenos Aires, addressed the issue of clerical sexual abuse: \u201cIf a priest is a pedophile, he is a pedophile before he is a priest. Now, when this happens, you can never turn a blind eye. You cannot be in a position of power and destroy the life of another person. In my diocese it never happened to me, but a bishop called me once by phone to ask me what to do in a situation like this [\u2026].\u201d When the book was first released, however, dozens of cases of sexual abuse had occurred in his diocese and in the country. The most relevant, where his role was questioned, was the one of Father Grassi. Under the presidency of Bergoglio, Argentine bishops\u2019 conference entrusted a top lawyer to write a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/sociedad\/3-183599-2011-12-17.html\">study<\/a> of the judiciary procedure by which Grassi was convicted (the author indicated that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/sociedad\/2017\/03\/21\/el-papa-nunca-se-pronuncio-sobre-grassi-pero-encargo-cuatro-libros-que-lo-declaran-inocente\/\">Bergoglio specially entrusted it to him<\/a>). In four volumes, the study denies the accusations and discredits the plaintiffs. The volumes were circulated to members of the Supreme Court before their verdict in \u201ca scandalous action of lobbying and pressure on the justice,\u201d the defense attorney said. Bergoglio barely referred to the case that shook the country in public. The Argentine scholar specialized in Catholicism <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/imprimir\/diario\/sociedad\/3-251751-2014-07-29.html\">Fortunato Mallimacci said<\/a> that \u201cthe case of the priest Grassi is the best known, but there were many others, and Bergoglio never pronounced himself or took measures to sanction them; he always prioritized the preservation of the institutional image.\u201d According to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Argentina\/\">BishopAccountability.org<\/a>, Bergoglio is accused of covering up, protecting, or silencing four other cases of sexual abuse.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 4, \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 4 \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Art &amp; Vatican Museums Art Collections<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Michelangelo ; Leonardo da Vinci ; Caravaggio ; Paolo VI.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 For the art collections in the Vatican Museums, I used Anja Grebe, <em>The Vatican All the Paintings, The Complete Collection of Old Masters, Plus more than 300 Sculptures, Maps, Tapestries and Other Artifacts<\/em>, Published by BlackDog and &amp; Leventhal, 2013, 525 pages (with a DVD to search the collections ; a very useful tool on old paintings, less efficient for sculptures and modern paintings).<br \/>\n\u2013 For an overview of the Church and arts, I read with interest Jacques Maritain, <em>Art et scolastique<\/em>, 1920, reed., 1935 and Pierre Gibert, <em>Quand les peintres lisaient la Bible<\/em>, Bayard, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 Paolo VI : <a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/paul-vi\/it\/speeches\/1973\/june\/documents\/hf_p-vi_spe_19730623_collezione-arte-religiosa.html\">Speech<\/a> about the arts, June 23, 1973 :<br \/>\n\u2013 John-Paul II : <a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/john-paul-ii\/fr\/speeches\/1980\/june\/documents\/hf_jp-ii_spe_19800602_unesco.html\">Speech<\/a> on culture at UNESCO, in Paris, June 2, 1980 :<br \/>\n\u2013 Vatican Museums Art Collections : see Francesca Boschetti, ed., <em>40 Years of the Collection of contemporary art, 1973-2013<\/em>, Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 2013 (Foreword by Mico Forti).<br \/>\n\u2013 For a critical reading of the relations between the Church and contemporary artists, see : <em>Fran\u00e7ois B\u0153spflug, Pourquoi j\u2019ai quitt\u00e9 l\u2019Ordre\u2026 et comment il m\u2019a quitt\u00e9<\/em>, ed. J. C. B\u00e9har, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 The Vatican at the Venice Biennal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/05\/25\/arts\/design\/venices-architecture-biennale-the-vatican.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>An unpublished chapter on this subject will be available later.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Asia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 On Asia in general<\/strong>, see : Gerard Sullivan et Peter A. Jackson, coll., <em>Gay and Lesbian Asia, Culture, Identity, Community<\/em>, Harrington Park Press, 2001 (see chapter on \u00ab\u00a0Tongzhi\u00a0\u00bb, and chapters on the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore). I also use the report by the 3<sup>rd<\/sup> Regional Conference of the International Lesbian and Gay Association-Asia, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Jan 2008, brochure, 36 p. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On China<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Richard McGregor, <em>The Party\u00a0: The Secret World of China\u2019s Communist Rulers<\/em>, Harper, 2010\u00a0; Carl Walter &amp; Fraser Howie, <em>Red Capitalism\u00a0: The Fragile Financial Foundation of China\u2019s Extraordinary Rise<\/em>, Wiley, 2010\u00a0; Tom Mountford, <em>The Legal Status and Position of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People in the People\u2019s Republic of China<\/em> (brochure, 2009, 35 p.). On the number of homosexuals see the studies by Zhang Beichuan (and \u00ab\u00a0Gay marriage gone wrong\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The Economist<\/em>, July 17 2012). See also the article by Andrew Jacobs, \u00ab\u00a0Gay Festival in China Pushes Official Boundaries\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New York Times<\/em>, June 15, 2009.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Japon<\/strong>, see Jeff Kingston, <em>Contemporary Japan\u00a0: History, Politics and Social Change Since the 1980\u2019s<\/em>, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010 and the book by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Sabouret, <em>Japan, la fabrique des futurs<\/em>, CNRS Editions, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Section 377<\/strong> on British Penal code, see the article by Douglas Sanders, \u00ab\u00a0377 and the unnatural afterlife of British colonialism in Asia\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Asian Journal of Comparative Law<\/em>, 2009\u00a0; and the document by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrw.org\">Human Rights Watch<\/a>, \u00ab\u00a0This alien legacy: The origins of sodomy laws in British colonialism\u00a0\u00bb, Dec 17, 2008.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>About India<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Parmesh Shahani, <em>Gay Bombay, Globalization, Love and Belonging in Contemporary India<\/em>, Sage Publications, 2008\u00a0; Anand Giridharadas, <em>India Calling, An Intimate portrait of a Nation\u2019s Remaking<\/em>, Times Books\/Henry Holt, 2011\u00a0; Patrick French, <em>India\u00a0: A Portrait<\/em>, Knopf, 2011 et Mark Tully, <em>India\u00a0: The Road Ahead<\/em>, Rider, 2011. On Gandhi, see the biography of Joseph Lelyveld, <em>Great Soul\u00a0: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India<\/em>, Knopf, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Indonesia\u00a0<\/strong>see\u00a0: Tom Boellstorff, <em>The Gay Archipelago, Sexuality and Nation in Indonesia<\/em>, Princeton University Press, 2005\u00a0; Bruce Emond, \u00ab\u00a0Hartoyo\u00a0: Coming out for his rights\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The Jakarta Post<\/em>, 27 mars 2009\u00a0; Arus Pelangi, <em>Restricted Freedom of Association and Freedom of Expression for LGBT Groups in Indonesia<\/em>, Jakarta, 2010, 9 p.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Singapore and Indonesia<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Baden Offord, <em>Homosexual Rights as Human Rights Activism in Indonesia, Singapore and Australia<\/em>, Peter Lang Publisher, 2003.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Philippines<\/strong>, see the pro-gay positions by president\u2019s Rodrigo Duterte, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-6580715\/Rodrigo-Duterte-calls-Catholic-Church-allow-useless-priests-boyfriends.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>For general information on homosexuality in Asia<\/strong>, see the website\u00a0: fridae.com<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 14, \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 14 \u00ab\u00a0The Pope\u2019s diplomacy \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Augustine (Saint)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On Saint Augustine, I mainly use the biography of Serge Lancel, <em>Saint Augustin<\/em>, Fayard, 1999 ; See also: Peter Brown, <em>La Vie de Saint Augustin<\/em>, Seuil, reed. 2001. See Andrew Sullivan, \u201cGay Priests and the lives they no longer want to hide\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/01\/gay-priests-catholic-church.html\">New York Magazine<\/a>, Jan 21, 2019.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Australia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca For Cardinal George Pell, see: Pell.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013\u00a0<strong>On the debate on compensation for institutionalised sexual abuse victims<\/strong>. According to the Australian Royal Commission there are an estimated 60,000 survivors of institutionalised sexual abuse in Australia (including the Catholic Church). A Federal Govt. scheme has been introduced to compensate them, costing up to $4 Billion dollars. This may have implications for other countries who will have one day to investigate these types of abuses. (Here articles by ABC\/Australia).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 2, \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 2 \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Austria<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Sch\u00f6nborn (Christoph) ; Gro\u00ebr (Hans Hermann).<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 See Helmut Schueller : Helmut Schueller founded in 2006 the \u201ePfarrerinitiative\u201c which is part of the International Church Reform Network (icrn.info) During a lecture tour through the United States in 2013 Schueller advocated for a stronger relationship between the church and catholic gay couples .\u201cIf it is a seriously meant partnership we should support it. The church should evaluate her judgement about gay marriage\u00bb. In December 2017 after a recent judgement of Austrians constitutional court Schueller pointed out that there should be no difference between heterosexual and same-sex-marriage. See also\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/theology\/sch-ller-wraps-us-tour-we-all-must-speak-out\">NCronline<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 22, \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 21 \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Avignon<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Papacy in Avignon (1309-1378).<br \/>\n\u2013 I have mainly read the important book by Jean Favier, Les Papes d\u2019Avignon, Fayard, 2006. See also : Bernard Guillemain, Les Papes d\u2019Avignon, 1309-1376, Cerf ed., 1998 and Ren\u00e9e Lefranc, Les Papes en Avignon : La vie \u00e0 la cour pontificale au fil des jours, Edisud, 2011. See also this article : Dominique Vingtain, \u201cComment la papaut\u00e9 arrive \u00e0 Avignon\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is not developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> \/ <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, but only use as background information.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 B \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Bacon (Francis)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Painter<br \/>\n\u2013 See Gilles Deleuze, Francis Bacon, Logique de la sensation, La difference, 1980 ; Le Seuil, 2002.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 20, \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e bianco \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 19 \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e bianco \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Baggio (Sebastiano)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Cardinal.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Cardinal L\u00f3pez Trujillo<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Mgr Baggio has been nuncio in Chile (1953-1959), in Brazil (1964-1969), Prefect of the Congregation of Bishiop (1973-1984). He became Cardinal in 1969 (created by Paulo VI). He has been camerlingue as well (1985-1993). Biography <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/people\/obituary-cardinal-sebastiano-baggio-1499403.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Baggio, I use Chilean archives and David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory, Inside the Dark Heart of John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 2007 (see the chapter on CELAM, his links with right-wing politicians and his relation to Lop\u00e8z Trujillo).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 13, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 13 \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade against gays \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Balthasar (Hans Urs von)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Theologian<br \/>\n\u2013 Gerard Loughlin, ed., <em>Queer Theology, Rethinking the Western Body<\/em>, Blackwell, 2007 (see the chapter on Hans Urs von Baltasar) ; Philippe Barbarin, <em>Th\u00e9ologie et saintet\u00e9, Introduction \u00e0 Hans Urs von Balthasar<\/em>, \u00e9d. Parole et Silence, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in several parts of <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel or <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bank of the Vatican (IOR)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Marcinkus (Paul)<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory, Inside the Dark Heart of John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 2007 ; Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Vatican SA, Les archives secretes du Vatican<\/em>, Hugo &amp; C, 2011 ; Gerald Posner, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, p. 404 ; G\u00e9rald Posner, <em>God\u2019s Bankers: A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon and Schuster, 2015 (voir p. 174). See also : Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in several chapter(s) or <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bannon (Steve)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u2013 <\/em>Politician, former advisor of US Pres. Donald Trump<em><br \/>\n\u25ca See: US ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute ; Cardinal Burke.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Bannon and the Dignitatis Humanae Institute, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/long-format\/article\/2018\/10\/19\/le-pape-francois-face-a-ses-ennemis_5371629_5345421.html\">Le Monde, October 2018<\/a> ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute : \u201cThis is How Steve Bannon Sees The Entire World\u201d, Nov 16, 2016 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Bannon and Cardinal Burke, see\u00a0: Jason Horowitz, \u00ab\u00a0Steve Bannon Carries Battles to Another Influential Hub\u00a0: The Vatican\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/07\/world\/europe\/vatican-steve-bannon-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 7, 2017. See also\u00a0: Samuel Freedman, \u00ab\u00a0\u201cChurch Militant Theology\u201d Is Put To New, and Politicized, Use\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/30\/us\/church-militant-theology-is-put-to-new-and-politicized-use.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Dec 30, 2006 ; and an interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/25\/opinion\/what-does-steve-bannon-want.html\">point of view<\/a> by Christopher Caldwell. For the speech of Steve Bannon at a symposium at the Vatican, via Skype, see the transcription <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 2, \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 2 \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Barbarin (Philippe)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Cardinal<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On Sexual Abuses<\/strong> : Cardinal Barbarin\u2019s supposed cover-up of sexual abuses : Marie-Christine Tabet, <em>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Dieu, c\u2019est prescrit, L\u2019Affaire Barbarin<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 2017 (see also : <em>Journal du dimanche<\/em>, March 12, 2017). Isabelle de Gaulmyn, <em>Histoire d\u2019un silence<\/em>, Seuil, 2016. Henri Tincq, \u201cP\u00e9dophilie dans l\u2019\u00c9glise : un scandale qui n\u2019en finit pas\u201d, Slate, April 2, 2017. See also : France Inter on the \u201cthree Barbarin affairs\u201d (podcast and article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinter.fr\/societe\/pedophilie-les-silences-du-cardinal-barbarin\">here<\/a>) ; Marie-Christine Tabet, \u201cLa Part d\u2019ombre du cardinal. P\u00e9dophilie : comment les affaires ont ruin\u00e9 les ambitions du cardinal Barbarin\u201d, <em>Journal du Dimanche<\/em>, March 12, 2017. Reportage by <em>Mediapart<\/em>, March 20, 2017 (see also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marianne.net\/societe\/32-agresseurs-couverts-par-25-eveques-un-livre-enquete-revient-sur-les-abus-sexuels-dans-l\">Marianne<\/a>, March 20, 2017). See also the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinter.fr\/societe\/pedophilie-les-silences-du-cardinal-barbarin\">petition<\/a> asking for Barbarin to leave his position. For another version, see : Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cMise en cause de Mgr Barbarin : sortir des approximations\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/premium.lefigaro.fr\/vox\/societe\/2016\/03\/07\/31003-20160307ARTFIG00380-mise-en-cause-de-mgrbarbarin-sortir-des-approximations.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, March 8, 2018 ; Barbarin\u2019s reaction : \u201cFace \u00e0 la p\u00e9dophilie, ma r\u00e9ponse n\u2019\u00e9tait pas \u00e0 la mesure de l\u2019enjeu\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/religions\/article\/2017\/08\/12\/face-a-la-pedophilie-ma-reponse-n-etait-pas-a-la-mesure-de-l-enjeu_5171647_1653130.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, August 13-14, 2017. Overall dossier by Mediapart about Sexual abuses by priests in France (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/journal\/france\/dossier\/pedophilie-dans-l-eglise-notre-dossier\">Mediapart<\/a>). See also, Henri Tincq, \u201cAu Nom de l\u2019Eglise\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/actualite\/societe\/philippe-barbarin-au-nom-de-l-eglise_2053281.html\">L\u2019Express<\/a>, Dec 12, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Other books<\/strong> : Philippe Barbarin, <em>Th\u00e9ologie et saintet\u00e9, Introduction \u00e0 Hans Urs von Balthasar<\/em>, \u00e9d. Parole et Silence, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the conviction and demission of cardinal Barbarin in March 2019<\/strong>, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2019\/03\/08\/la-condamnation-du-cardinal-barbarin-une-onde-de-choc-dans-l-eglise_5433181_3224.html\">Le Monde<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 17, \u00ab\u00a0La fille a\u00een\u00e9e de l\u2019Eglise\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Barbero (Franco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former Italian Priest.<br \/>\n\u2013 Born in 1939, Franco Barbero was a priest from 1963 to 2003.<br \/>\n\u2013 He published an important book on homosexuality and the Gospel, with journalist Pasquale Quaranta, <em>Omosessualit\u00e0 e Vangelo<\/em>, Gabrielli Editori, 2008 (in Italian).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 22, \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 21 \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Baudry<\/strong><strong> (Andr\u00e9) <\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Founder of the homophile association Arcadie.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca see Arcadie.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Berger<\/strong><strong> (David)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 German Gay Theologist and Journalist.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Prominent Catholic theologist. He participated in the highest circles of Vatican theology before outing himself as gay in a 2010 newspaper article. He then became an outcast of the Church and took on a bit of an activist role to fight homophobia inside the Church, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vice.com\/de\/read\/news-wie-schwul-ist-die-katholische-kirche-wirklich\/?utm_source=vicetwitter\">which he denounces to be very gay but very homophobic at the same time<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See his book : David Berger,\u00a0<em>Der Heilige Schein, Als Schwuler Theologe in der Katholischen Kirche<\/em>, 2010 (in German, no translations\u00a0; see for sections about gayness, pp. 35-45\u00a0; 56-58\u00a0; 63-82\u00a0; 92-160\u00a0; 187-189\u00a0; 189-190\u00a0; 191-202\u00a0; 211-240\u00a0; 240-295). See also, by the same writer\u00a0:. <em>Katholisch<\/em>, 2015. See also the key interview by Berger in which he \u00ab\u00a0outed\u00a0\u00bb Pope Benedict (ZDF TV, August 3, 2012)\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b1xb945z3xw\">Source 1<\/a>\u00a0; <a href=\"https:\/\/philosophia-perennis.com\/2016\/08\/26\/papst-benedikt-xvi\/\">Source 2<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On September 25, 2003, Berger was awarded the status of \u00abCorresponding Academic\u00bb (\u201eSocio Corrispondente\u201c) of the Pontifical Academy of St. Thomas Aquinas (Pontificia Academia di San Tommaso d&#8217;Aquino, abbreviation PAST), which is based in the Vatican City. (Sources:\u00a0Berger&#8217;s Book, Der Heilige Schein, Page 23; See also <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100207143823\/http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/pontifical_academies\/san-tommaso\/pastaca.html\">here from the Web Archive<\/a>). In May 2009, Berger was appointed editor of the Pontifical Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith with the task of supervising two theological journals (Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Berger_(Theologe\">Wikipedia<\/a>, but the\u00a0referred source of Wikipedia does not really confirm it: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/leben\/kirche-und-homosexualitaet-sie-sind-eine-schande-fuer-unsere-kirche-1.1257731-3\">see here)<\/a>. He received the professor\u2019s degree (\u00ab\u00a0Habilitation\u00a0\u00bb) at the Catholic University of Lublin (Poland) in 2005 (Source: Berger&#8217;s\u00a0Book, Der Heilige Schein, Page 23). David Berger was never a priest. In Germany (and) Switzerland it is possible to study theology at the university\u00a0without being a member of the church.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Over half of Catholic priests are gay, says Vatican insider\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinknews.co.uk\/2015\/10\/07\/over-half-of-catholic-priests-are-gay-says-vatican-insider\/\">Pink News<\/a>, October 7th, 2015.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 20, \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e bianco \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 19 \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e bianco \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bertone (Tarcisio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Secretary of State under Pope Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Pope Benedict XVI ; Vatileaks I ; Vatileaks II ; Georg G\u00e4nswein ; Europa Multiclub \u2013 Gay sauna in Rome.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Key Documents<\/strong> : See this interview with Andrea Purgatori, \u201cMeet Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Pope Francis\u2019s Former Secretary of State\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/02\/18\/cardinal-tarcisio-bertone-pope_n_6699464.html\">The Huffington Post<\/a>, Feb. 18, 2015 ; Photo : for the infamous photo of Cardinal Bertone with Cardinal Bergoglio in November 2017, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucanews.com\/news\/the-perhaps-predictable-fall-of-cardinal-bertone\/71192\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2014\/06\/16\/fall-vice-pope-bertone\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Life, Personal life and Secrets of Bertone<\/strong> : See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (chapter 30, pp. 289-297 ; not translated into English nor Italian ; the book has been panned by the Pope\u2019s spokesman, Federico Lombardi, who considers it \u00ab seriously misleading \u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Scandal on his apartment<\/strong> : Josephine McKenna, \u00ab\u00a0Cardinal\u2019s vast luxury apartment in Vatican angers Pope\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/italy\/10777482\/Cardinals-vast-luxury-apartment-in-Vatican-angers-Pope.html\">The Telegraph<\/a>, April 20, 2014. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/700-m2-camerlingue-pape-francois-tache\">Le Temps<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Vatileaks scandal <\/strong>: see See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 37, \u201cThe powerbroker\u201d, pp. 454-460.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the speech in Chile in which he conflates homosexuality and pedophilia<\/strong>, see the original speech <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/apr\/13\/vatican-homosexuality-paedophilia-claim-condemned\">here<\/a> ; see also : Charlotte Menegaux, \u201cLe num\u00e9ro 2 du Vatican lie homosexuels et pedophiles\u201d, <em>Le Figaro<\/em>, April 13, 2010 ; Rory Carroll and John Hooper, \u201cVatican attacked over cardinal\u2019s claim of homosexuality and paedophilia link\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/apr\/13\/vatican-homosexuality-paedophilia-claim-condemned\">The Guardian<\/a>, April 13, 2010 ; and Andrea Purgatori, \u201cMeet cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Pope Francis\u2019s Former Secretary of State\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/02\/18\/cardinal-tarcisio-bertone-pope_n_6699464.html\">The Huffington Post<\/a>, Feb. 18, 2015. (See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2010\/04\/13\/le-numero-deux-du-vatican-voit-une-relation-entre-homosexualite-et-pedophilie_620588\">Liberation &amp; AFP<\/a> and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/societe\/article\/2010\/04\/12\/le-numero-deux-du-vatican-lie-pedophilie-et-homosexualite_1332571_3224.html\">Le Monde<\/a>). For the refutation by the Vatican, see : <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/8620135.stm\">BBC News<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>For his failure and resignation<\/strong>, see : Ingrid Rowland, The Fall of the Vice-Pope, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/daily\/2014\/06\/16\/fall-vice-pope-bertone\/\">New York Review of Books<\/a>, June 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse cover up<\/strong> : Cardinal Bertone has been criticized in the Vigano\u2019s Memo in August 2018 (here the original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">English<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a>) ; he is also mentioned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Dozen of articles have been written, under Bertone, about a Vatican building hosting Italy\u2019s biggest gay sauna, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/vaticancityandholysee\/9923800\/Vatican-department-shares-building-with-Italys-biggest-gay-sauna.html\">The Telegraph<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-21753860\">BBC<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2292016\/Vatican-sweat-emerges-priests-share-21m-apartment-block-Europes-biggest-GAY-SAUNA.html\">Daily Mail<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/newsfeed.time.com\/2013\/03\/12\/new-vatican-scandal-priests-apartments-above-italys-biggest-gay-sauna\/\">Time Magazine<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2013\/03\/12\/vatican-gay-sauna_n_2858995.html\">Huffington Post<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/europe\/vatileaks-scandal-vatican-properties-used-as-brothels-and-massage-parlours-where-priests-pay-for-sex-a6729251.html\">The Independent<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 21, \u00ab\u00a0The Vice Pope \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 21 \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice-pape \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Betori (Giuseppe)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 <\/strong>Cardinal and Archbishop of Florence and former Secretary General of the Italian Episcopal Conference<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : CEI<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Betorni has spoken so many times against gay people. In 2010, for example, he was against the project of helping gay couples buy their first house in Florence. In 2012 he was the recipient of an open letter written by three priests and a nun who wanted the Church to open its mind about gay people.<br \/>\nIn 2008, during the Christmas mass, he attacked the civil partnership for gay couples: \u201c<em>The family between a man and a woman can\u2019t be compared with a cohabitation, especially one between two men<\/em>\u201d. See this serie of articles in Firenze: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.firenzepost.it\/2015\/11\/20\/firenze-attentato-al-cardinale-betori-la-cassazione-annulla-la-condanna-a-elso-baschini\/\">Firenze Post<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/norational.wordpress.com\/tag\/giuseppe-betori\/\">Article 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/corrierefiorentino.corriere.it\/firenze\/notizie\/cronaca\/2010\/5-gennaio-2010\/mutui-agevolati-coppie-anche-gay-1602246522722.shtml\">Article 3<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/firenze.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2012\/09\/07\/news\/chiesa_e_gay_lettera_aperta_a_betori-42077122\/\">Article 4<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/firenze.repubblica.it\/dettaglio\/unioni-gay-e-eutanasia-il-no-di-monsignor-betori\/1567088\">Article 5<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 18, \u00ab\u00a0La CEI \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 17 \u00ab\u00a0CEI \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\nBible<\/strong><strong> (The)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 When mentioned in this book, I use <em>La Bible de J\u00e9rusalem<\/em> in the French translation, Cerf, 1988 (translation in French : Ecole biblique de J\u00e9rusalem). For some comparisons, I also use, as a second choice, <em>La Bible, Nouvelle Traduction<\/em>, Bayard, 2015 (translation by 20 writers and 27 exegetes). For the New Testament, I use mainly the translation by Hugues Oltramare, <em>Le Nouveau testament<\/em>, Gallimard, 2001.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the history of the Bible, I used several books, among them\u00a0: Andr\u00e9-Marie Gerard, <em>Dictionnaire de la Bible<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1989 ; Pierre Monat, Histoire de la Bible, Perrin, 2013, reed. Points\/Seuil, 2015 ; Philippe Sellier, La Bible, Aux sources de la culture occidentale, Seuil, 2007. I also use Thomas R\u00f6mer, Les 100 mots de la Bible, PUF\/Que sais-je ?, 2016.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana &amp; Archivio Secreto Vaticano<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 S\u00e9bastien Maillard, \u00ab\u00a0Biblioth\u00e8caire du Vatican et de l\u2019humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, La Croix, Feb. 16, 2016. http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Pape\/Mgr-Jean-Louis-Brugues-bibliothecaire-Vatican-2016-02-16-1200740365<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bisceglia (Marco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Priest, LGBT activist.<br \/>\n\u2013 Rocco Pezzano, Troppo Amore Ti Uccidera, <em>Le tre vite di don Marco Bisceglia<\/em>, EdiGrafema, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 1, \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 1 \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bloom<\/strong> (<strong>Allan<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 American philosopher<br \/>\n\u2013 Allan Bloom played an important role in the life of American universities. He wrote an important book, <em>Love and Friendship<\/em>, 1993, trans. in French <em>L\u2019Amour et l\u2019amiti\u00e9<\/em>, De Fallois, 1996 which he dictated while in the hospital dying. He also wrote a much more debated book on the decline of culture on campuses, The Closing of the American Mind, Simon &amp; Schuster, 1987, trans. in French L\u2019\u00c2me d\u00e9sarm\u00e9e, Julliard, 1987.<br \/>\n\u2013 Allan Bloom died in 1992. In the novel <em>Ravelstein <\/em>(2000), his friend and Nobel Prize Saul Bellow, who he befriended at the University of Chicago, posthumously revealed Bloom\u2019s homosexuality and his death from AIDS. Even though Bellow used a pseudonym in his novel, the figure of Bloom was easily recognizable and the press mentioned it at large. Bloom\u2019s friends do not deny his homosexuality today.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject has been used as a background in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Boffo (Dino)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Journalist <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See\u00a0: CEI\u00a0; Italy.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 See See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp 303-323) ; See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 The articles from Boffo in Avvenire have been canceled by the publisher, but it is possible to find them on the Dark Web. See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/2009\/08\/sezioni\/politica\/berlusconi-divorzio-20\/avvenire-disagio\/avvenire-disagio.html\">La Repubblica<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.corriere.it\/politica\/09_agosto_12\/avvenire_berlusconi-disagio_chiesa_97d74e5c-871a-11de-a53e-00144f02aabc.shtml\">Corriere della Serra<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.corriere.it\/Primo_Piano\/Politica\/2009\/08\/31\/pop_minidossier.shtml\">Corriere della Serra 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/2009\/09\/sezioni\/politica\/berlusconi-divorzio-24\/berlusconi-divorzio-24\/berlusconi-divorzio-24.html\">La Repubblica 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/2009\/08\/sezioni\/politica\/feltri-lupi-boffo\/feltri-lupi-boffo\/feltri-lupi-boffo.html\">La Repubblica 3<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 For the press communiqu\u00e9 Vatican &amp; CEI, see : \u00ab\u00a0Communicato della segreteria di Stato\u00a0\u00bb concerning the Boffo scandal, Feb. 10, 2010\u00a0(source <a href=\"http:\/\/archive.is\/75WZ\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 18, \u00ab\u00a0La CEI\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 17 \u00ab CEI \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Brazil<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Queer theology<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Andr\u00e9 S. Musskopf<\/strong> : Musskpof is \u201ca lay theologian, raised in the Lutheran tradition in Brazil from Sunday school to the seminary. He has been denied ordination by the\u00a0Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil. He has subsequently focused on articulating a gay\/queer theological discourse that rises from the\u00a0experience of being gay\/queer, struggling to open up Church settings.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lgbtran.org\/Profile.aspx?ID=181\">Source<\/a>)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Fabio de\u00a0Melo. <\/strong>Brazilian celebrity and Catholic priest. When legislation for same-sex marriage was debated in Brazil, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pragmatismopolitico.com.br\/2015\/04\/padre-fabio-de-melo-se-posiciona-sobre-o-casamento-homossexual.html\">he said it was not a matter of State<\/a> on Twitter.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Antonio Dias\u00a0Duarte<\/strong>. Bishop in Rio de Janeiro. Has supported the official Vatican position against homosexuality.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Roberto Francisco Daniel. <\/strong>Excommunicated priest (in 2015). He was accused of heresy for contradicting various official positions of the Catholic Church, among them, <a href=\"https:\/\/noticias.uol.com.br\/cotidiano\/ultimas-noticias\/2015\/10\/13\/padre-excomungado-em-bauru-sp-inaugura-sede-de-nova-denominacao-religiosa.htm\">he defended homosexuality.<\/a><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Evangelical Church. <\/strong>Growing rapidly in Brazil and with factions that are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lejournalinternational.fr\/Brasil-Homossexualidade-crencas-e-intolerancia_a3401.html\">much more open to homosexuality<\/a>.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Gay Churches in\u00a0Brazil. <\/strong>In this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abant.org.br\/conteudo\/ANAIS\/CD_Virtual_26_RBA\/foruns_de_pesquisa\/trabalhos\/FP%2006\/fatima%20weiss%20de%20jesus.pdf\">academic article<\/a>, an historical overview of Brazilian religious institutions, based in Christianity, that have been open to homosexuality, creating theological arguments for their position.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Leonardo Steiner<\/strong>. Leader of the Brazilian Episcopal Conference. <a href=\"http:\/\/oglobo.globo.com\/sociedade\/secretario-geral-da-cnbb-diz-que-unioes-entre-pessoas-do-mesmo-sexo-precisam-de-amparo-legal-12557143\">He has supported a legal enshrinement of same-sex unions<\/a>, though without resorting to the word \u201cmarriage\u201d.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Aldo di Cillo\u00a0Pagotto. <\/strong>Former archbishop of Para\u00edba. He renounced his position in 2016 and though the causes were not made public, the press linked his resignation to <a href=\"http:\/\/odia.ig.com.br\/mundoeciencia\/2016-07-06\/papa-aceita-saida-de-arcebispo-brasileiro-acusado-de-ser-gay.html\">his complicity in welcoming priests that had been accused of pedophilia.<\/a> See also a French version <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Monde\/Pedophilie-eveque-bresilien-demissionne-2016-07-06-1200773983\">here\u00a0<\/a><u><br \/>\n<\/u>\u2013 <strong>Jos\u00e9 Alfonso\u00a0D\u00e9<\/strong>. Deceased in 2016. Brazilian priest. Accused of pederasty. He was also accused in the film Spotlight.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 22, \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 21 \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Bromance &amp; Bro<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 The terms \u201cbromance\u201d and \u201cbros\u201d are used to define a relation between men in a non-sexual context. For the most part, it is platonic. See the analysis by Wesley Morris for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/03\/20\/magazine\/bro-liferation.html?mcubz=0\">New York Times<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is used mainly as background in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel or <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Brugu\u00e8s (Jean-Louis)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Director Archivio Secreto Vaticano<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See\u00a0also : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana &amp; Archivio Secreto Vaticano<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 I read with pleasure his books : Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s, <em>Chemin Faisant, Entretiens spirituels<\/em>, \u00c9ditions du Cerf, 2016 and Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s, <em>L\u2019\u00c9glise et la sexualit\u00e9, Rep\u00e8res historiques et regards actuels<\/em>, Cerf, 2006<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: S\u00e9bastien Maillard, \u00ab\u00a0Biblioth\u00e8caire du Vatican et de l\u2019humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Pape\/Mgr-Jean-Louis-Brugues-bibliothecaire-Vatican-2016-02-16-1200740365\">La Croix<\/a>, Feb. 16, 2016 ; See the preface by Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s of the book <em>Jacques, le combat de la vie : l&#8217;accompagnement spirituel d&#8217;un malade du sida : le journal de Marie-Christine et de Jacques<\/em>, by Marie-Christine Nouaux and Jacques Ambec, directed by Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s, Saint Paul publisher, 1996. See also : Jean-Louis Brugu\u00e8s, \u201cLa question de l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas d\u2019abord religieuse\u201d, <em>La Croix<\/em>, Nov 8, 2006.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 8, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 8 \u00ab\u00a0Love friendship \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Burgazzi (Cesare)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 High speed car chase scandal (2006)<br \/>\n\u2013 Main reference : On this story, I use the Sentenza from La Corte Suprema di Cassazione sesta Sezione Penale, Udienza Pubblica, Jan 30, 2014, n\u00b016444\/14, 12 p.<br \/>\n\u2013 Nick Pisa, \u201cVatican priest who led police on high speed car chase after being caught in red light zone is cleared\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-1220074\/Vatican-priest-led-police-high-speed-car-chase-caught-red-light-zone-cleared.html\">Daily Mail<\/a>, Oct. 12, 2009.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 11, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019anneau de luxure\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 11 \u00ab\u00a0The Ring of lust\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Burke<\/strong><strong> (Cardinal)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 An American Cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>About US Cardinal Burke<\/strong>, I mainly use his interviews and books. Among them : Guillaume d\u2019Alan\u00e7on, Entretien avec Burke, Art\u00e8ge, 2015. See also\u00a0: Jason Horowitz, \u00ab\u00a0Steve Bannon Carries Battles to Another Influential Hub\u00a0: The Vatican\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/07\/world\/europe\/vatican-steve-bannon-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 7, 2017 ; Interview with Matthew James Christoff, \u00ab\u00a0Cardinal Raymond Leo Burke on the Catholic \u201cMan-crisis\u201d and what to do about it\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newemangelization.com\/uncategorized\/cardinal-raymond-leo-burke-on-the-catholic-man-crisis-and-what-to-do-about-it\/\">The New Evangelization<\/a>, Jan 5, 2015\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Gay couples shouldn\u2019t be invited to family gatherings if children are present\u00a0\u00bb, in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/exclusive-cardinal-burke-responds-to-australian-couples-synod-presentation\">Life Site News<\/a>, Oct 11, 2014 and \u00ab\u00a0Cardinal Burke responds to Australian couple\u2019s Synod presentation on family\u2019s gay son\u00a0\u00bb. See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/blog\/michael-w-chapman\/catholic-cardinal-irelands-vote-gay-marriage-defiance-god-worse-pagans\">CNSNews<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/michael-w-chapman\/vatican-chief-justice-gay-marriage-lie-satan-aimed-destroying\">CNSNews<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/people\/cardinal-raymond-burke-gays-remarried-catholics-murderers-are-all-same\">NCronline<\/a>. See also his comment on the existence of a \u201cvery grave problem of homosexual culture in the Church\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.breitbart.com\/national-security\/2018\/08\/17\/cardinal-burke-grave-problem-homosexual-culture-church\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicleague.org\/cardinal-burke-very-grave-problem-of-homosexual-culture-in-the-church\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On US sexual abuses<\/strong> : Michael Sisak and Rachel Zoll, \u201cVictim advocates seek Vatican inquiry of Cardinals Rigali &amp; Burke\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/ap-victim-advocates-seek-vatican-inquiry-of-rigali-burke-2015-9?IR=T\">Washington Times<\/a>, Sept 2016 ; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/us\/articles\/2015\/09\/16\/victim-advocates-seek-vatican-inquiry-of-rigali-burke\">US News<\/a>, Sept 16, 2016. See also : Malcolm Gay, \u201cImmaculate Deception, Some Dirty Little Secrets Followed Archbishop Raymond Burke from Wisconsin to St. Louis\u201d, Riverfront Times,August 25, 2004 (see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/news3\/2004_08_25_Gay_ImmaculateDeception_Raymond_Bornbach_etc.htm\">BishopAccountability.org<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the war within the \u201cSovereign Military Order of Malta\u201d : Jason Horowitz, \u201cTen Centuries Later, a Pope and Knights Do Battle\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/28\/world\/europe\/ten-centuries-later-a-pope-and-knights-do-battle.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Jan 28, 2017 ; James Politi, \u201cKnights dispute exposes Pope\u2019s Ruthless streak\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/09284c0e-e425-11e6-8405-9e5580d6e5fb\">Financial Times<\/a>, Jan 28-29, 2017 ; C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cL\u2019Ordre de Malte, la cagnotte Suisse et les adversaires du pape\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/04\/08\/l-ordre-de-malte-la-cagnotte-suisse-et-les-adversaires-du-pape_5108160_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, April 8, 2017 ; C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cGuerre ouverte au sein de l\u2019ordre de Malte\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2017\/04\/14\/au-vatican-la-guerre-est-declaree_5111277_3210.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, April 9-10, 2017 ; C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cLe pape Fran\u00e7ois s\u2019impose \u00e0 l\u2019Ordre de Malte\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/01\/25\/le-pape-francois-contraint-a-la-demission-le-grand-maitre-de-l-ordre-de-malte_5068822_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Jan 25, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Trump and Burke<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Jason Horowitz, \u00ab\u00a0Steve Bannon Carries Battles to Another Influential Hub\u00a0: The Vatican\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/07\/world\/europe\/vatican-steve-bannon-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 7, 2017. See also\u00a0: Samuel Freedman, \u00ab\u00a0\u201cChurch Militant Theology\u201d Is Put To New, and Politicized, Use\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/30\/us\/church-militant-theology-is-put-to-new-and-politicized-use.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Dec 30, 2006 ; and an interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/25\/opinion\/what-does-steve-bannon-want.html\">point of view<\/a> by Christopher Caldwell. For Steve Bannon, see the transcription of his speech at a symposium at the Vatican, via Skype : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Cardinal Burke Support on the Vigan\u00f2 report<\/strong>, in August 26, 2018, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchmilitant.com\/news\/article\/cdl.-burke-backs-abp.-vigano-statement\">here<\/a>. See also the Official reaction of the Dignitatis Humanae Institute (Cardinal Burke and Benjamin Harnwell) on the accusation of homosexuality to Cardinal Martino by Mgr Vigan\u00f2 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/statement-by-the-director-of-the-dhi-in-response-to-archbishop-carlo-maria-viganos-testimony\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On camp and dandysm<\/strong>, see : Susan Sontag, <em>Notes on Camp<\/em>, 1961, reed. Penguin Modern, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 2, \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 2 \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 C \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Caffarra (Carlo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal, Archbishop of Bologna.<br \/>\n\u2013 On his mobilization against \u201cDICO\u201d (Italian civil unions) see : Jean-Jacques Bozonnet, \u201cL\u2019Eminence anti-pacs de Beno\u00eet XVI\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2007\/03\/31\/l-eminence-anti-pacs-de-benoit-xvi_890178_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, March 31, 2007.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 5, \u00ab\u00a0The Synode\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 5 \u00ab\u00a0The Synod \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Ca\u00f1izares (Antonio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal of Spain<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal of Valencia. He signed and co-wrote a letter against transexuality. Legal accusations for inciting to violence against minority groups has been made public.<br \/>\n\u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elconfidencial.com\/espana\/2016-05-19\/cardenal-canizares-refugiados-aborto-sexo-ateismo_1202700\/\">About marriage<\/a>:\u00a0In 2014 Ca\u00f1izares called for families to \u201cpromote and defend the unique and indivisible marriage between a man and a woman\u201d and to \u201cregain trust in themselves as the enormous hope for the futre\u201d in spite of \u201cirresponable and suicidal [policies], a byproduct of mainstream ideologies and culture\u201d that do not help the family \u201cbut distort it\u201d. \u201cFamily is a precious good, in the family based in the marriage of a man and a woman, the future is also based\u201d. Therefore, marriage and family \u201cshould be promoted and defended not only by the State but also by the whole of society\u201d.<br \/>\n\u2013 Against the \u201cideology of gender\u201d, see : Toni Cuquerella, \u201cCa\u00f1izares afirma que la fecundaci\u00f3n artificial, el matrimonio gay y la \u2018ideolog\u00eda de g\u00e9nero\u2019 desaf\u00edan a la Constituci\u00f3n\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/cv\/politica\/Canizares-fecundacion-artificial-matrimonio-Constitucion_0_716028444.html\">El Diaro<\/a>, Dec 7, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 16, \u00ab\u00a0Rouco\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 16 \u00ab\u00a0Rouco \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Capovilla (Loris Francesco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Assistant to the Pope John XXIII.<br \/>\n\u2013 Loris Capovilla, Me<em>s ann\u00e9es avec le Pape Jean XXIII, Conversations avec Ezio Bols<\/em>, ed. des B\u00e9atitudes, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 There are rumors that Loris Capovilla, as the Pope\u2019s secretary, insisted on opening the seminars to gay people. The source is journalist Piero Laporta. (See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pierolaporta.it\/gay-e-pedofili-in-vaticano\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 8, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 8 \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Capozzi (Luigi)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Francesco Coccopalmerio\u2019s secretary<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Chem-Sex Parties<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 He was found by the Vatican Gendarmerie while having gay parties with drugs inside an apartment in the building of the former Palace of the Holy Office. See : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/06\/28\/vaticano-fermato-un-monsignore-festini-gay-e-droga-nel-palazzo-del-santuffizio\/3691426\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/top-vatican-official-gay-sex-in-vatican-never-been-worse-than-under-francis\">LifeSite<\/a> ; and <a href=\"https:\/\/heavy.com\/news\/2017\/07\/luigi-capozzi-gay-orgy-drugs-vatican-coccopalmerio-monsignor\/\">Heavy.com<\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 Some of the men of Dominio Giani, the Inspector General of the Corpo della Gendarmeria, had complained a few times about all the men that came and went from the former Palace of the Holy Office, where Luigi Capozzi held his parties. See: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/06\/28\/vaticano-fermato-un-monsignore-festini-gay-e-droga-nel-palazzo-del-santuffizio\/3691426\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>. See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cronachesalerno.it\/festini-gay-e-droga-preso-monsignor-capozzi-di-maiori\/\">Le Cronache<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.positanonews.it\/?p=3194141\">Positano News<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dagospia.com\/rubrica-29\/cronache\/vaticano-ano-ano-che-fara-rsquo-bergoglio-dopo-scoperta-festino-151583.htm\">DiagoSpia<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/07\/05\/vaticano-festino-gay-con-droga-per-il-segretario-del-cardinale-coccopalmerio-nuova-grana-per-papa-francesco\/3708967\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Rumors about Cardinal Coccopalmerio being close to Luigi Capozzi (<a href=\"https:\/\/reinformation.tv\/cardinal-coccopalmerio-present-fete-drogue-sexe-homosexuel-pape-smits-88946-2\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 21, \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice-pape\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 20 \u00ab\u00a0The Vice Pope \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Carabinieri<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Police<\/em><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Caravaggio (Le Caravage)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Painter.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Renaissance ; Leonardo da Vinci ; Michel-Ange.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Caravaggio, see Dominique Fernandez, <em>Le Rapt de Ganym\u00e8de<\/em>, Grasset, 1989 (especially the chapter \u201cSaint S\u00e9bastien, h\u00e9ros tut\u00e9laire\u201d) ; I have also read by the same author, Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (see : \u201cFlorence, capitale de la culture gay\u201d, pp. 116-129 ; and \u201cDouble Italie\u201d, pp. 130-143). See also the interesting book by Olivier Wickers, <em>Perdre le jour, Caravage en cinq actes<\/em>, Exils\/France Culture (see especially the chapter \u201cDevenir\u201d about <em>Le Martyre de saint Matthieu<\/em>). See also : Ingrid D. Rowland, The Virtuoso of Compassion\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2017\/05\/11\/caravaggio-virtuoso-of-compassion\/\">New York Review of Books<\/a>, May 11, 2017. See also : Terence Ward, Th<em>e Guardian of Mercy : How an Extraordinary Painting by Caravaggio Changed an Ordinary Life Today<\/em>, Arcade, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the fictionalized biography by Dominique Fernandez, La Course \u00e0 l\u2019ab\u00eeme, Grasset\/Livre de Poche, 2005 ; the film <em>Caravaggio<\/em> by Derek Jarman (1986) about the love life of Caravaggio.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in several chapters of <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel and <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Casaroli<\/strong> (Agostino)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Cardinal Secretary of State.<br \/>\n\u2013 Agostino Casaroli (1914-1998) was the cardinal secretary of State of John-Paul II from 1979 to 1990. He tried to have his deputy and friend, Mgr Silvestrini, succeed him when he retired, but John-Paul II favored Angelo Sodano instead. His main book is : Agostino Casaroli, <em>The Martyrdom of Patience<\/em>, ed. Ave Maria Centre of Peace, 2007.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Biography<\/strong> : I use Christophe Dick\u00e8s, ed., <em>Dictionnaire du Vatican et du Saint-Si\u00e8ge<\/em>, Robert Laffont, Bouquins, 2013 (see: Casaroli).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the financial scandal <\/strong>that might have implicated Casaroli and his assistant Mgr. Silvestrini, see : \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159). See also : Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Vatican SA, Les archives secretes du Vatican<\/em>, Hugo &amp; C, 2011.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 9, \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 9 \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred college \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>CEI<\/strong> \u2013 Conferenza Episcopale Italiana<\/h4>\n<p>(Italian Episcopal Conference)<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Boffo ; Bagnasco ; Italy.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 See the important \u201cliberal\u201d book by Italian Cardinale Carlo Maria Martini, <em>Credere e conoscere<\/em>, Einaudi, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 See Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp 30-31 ; p. 59 ; pp. 303-323).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the long history of homosexuality of Italians Bishops see, for the pontificate of Pope Pius XI : David Kertzer, <em>The Pope and Mussolini : The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe<\/em>, Random House, 2015 (Kertzer discovered Mussolini\u2019s secret police files about the homosexuality of the entourage of Pope Pius XI).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the \u201cProgetto Culturale della CEI\u201d. The project is no longer active, but the website has many documents about its past activities : \u201cWithout sexual differences there\u2019s no family\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.progettoculturale.it\/progettoculturale\/s2magazine\/index1.jsp?idPagina=31488\">source<\/a>): this was published on February 20th 2013 on <em>L\u2019Avvenire<\/em> and is against the recent sentences of the European Court of Human Rights about LGBT family (the article says that a child can\u2019t have three parents and that there must be a clear distinction between male and female) ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.progettoculturale.it\/progettoculturale\/allegati\/31241\/Dossier%20XI%20Forum.pdf\">Here<\/a> a long dossier by \u201cServizio Nazionale Per il Progetto Culturale della Conferenze Episcopale Italiana\u201d, in which, among other information, Andrea Galli interviewed the British philosopher Roger Scruton, who took part in a meeting about God organized by the CEI in 2009 ; another part of the dossier is titled \u201cBioethics, stop the double morals\u201d \u2013 it is a dialogue between the politician Giuseppe Vacca and the legal expert Francesco D&#8217;Agostino (excerpt : \u201cMarriage can\u2019t be reduced to an economic relationship. That\u2019s the reason why there\u2019s no legal reason to protect homosexual couples &#8211; or even recognize them as spouse couples &#8211; because they are unions that can\u2019t procreate. The demand of adoption hides the mimetic desire of these couples\u201d\u00a0; On July 4th 2015 the Progetto Culturale della CEI organized a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.progettoculturale.it\/progettoculturale\/allegati\/32453\/Programma%204%20luglio%202015.pdf\">symposium<\/a> titled \u201cSentimental relationships: Desire, fantasies and reality : a discussion about the masculine and the feminine\u201d (among the speaker there were Vittorio Sozzi of the School CEI office, don Paolo Gentili of the Ufficio Pastorale Famiglia CEI. One of the themes was: \u201cGender in school: what are the main consequences on the new generations?\u201d). On April 23th 2015, the CEI <a href=\"http:\/\/www.progettoculturale.it\/progetto_culturale_on_line_\/nel_cantiere\/00032403_Natura__cultura_e_genere.html\">hosted the presentation<\/a> of the book \u201cNature and culture on Gender\u201d by Fiorenzo Facchini &#8211; Edizioni Dehoniane, Bologna, 2015 (the book is clearly against the concept of \u201cgender\u201d, Fiorenzo Fiacchini is a priest and an anthropologist)\u00a0; On May 2017, the CEI took part in the Book Fair of Torino and hosted <a href=\"http:\/\/www.progettoculturale.it\/cci_new\/appuntamenti_cei\/2007-05\/04-33\/Torino07.pdf\">some meetings<\/a>. One of them was untitled: \u201cHe created them Male and Female. The end of sexual differences\u201d with Chiara Saraceno of the University of Torino and Lucetta Scaraffia of\u00a0 Universit\u00e0 di Roma La Sapienza\u00a0; On September 21st 2013 in Verona the CEI took part in the event organized by the association Family Tomorrow (Famiglia Domani) and the European Movement in Defence of Like and Human Dignity titled \u201cGender Theory: for the man or against the man?\u201d. The topics were around homosexuality, gender theory : among them, one was entitled : \u00ab\u00a0Gender ideology and homosexualism: towards a new totalitarism?\u201d and another : \u201cThe new human rights according to the UN: an aggression against the natural society\u201d.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 18, \u00ab\u00a0La CEI\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 17 \u00ab\u00a0CEI \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>CELAM<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca For Medellin, see Colombia ; For Puebla, see Mexico ; For Aparecida, see below. See also : Pope Francis ; Cardinal L\u00f2pez-Trujillo.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9 Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 (on CELAM, see p. 172).<br \/>\n\u2013 CELAM in Aparecida : Ernesto Cavassa, \u201cOn the Trail of Aparecida : Jorge Bergoglio and the Latin American ecclesial tradition\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americamagazine.org\/trail-aparecida\">America Magazine<\/a> (Jesuit revue), Oct 30, 2013<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal Bergoglio\/Pope Francis and CELAM : Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 12-24 ; 177-207) ; Austen Ivereigh, <em>The Great Reformer : Francis and the Making of a radical pope<\/em>, Henry Holt, 2014 ; Jim Yardley, \u201cA Humble Pope, Challenging the world\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/09\/19\/world\/europe\/pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept 19-20, 2015 ; James Carroll, \u201cWho I am To Judge ?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2013\/12\/23\/who-am-i-to-judge\">The New Yorker<\/a>, Dec 23-30, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 13, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 13 \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade against gays \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Celibacy of priests &amp; Chastity<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 See Marco Marzano, \u201cIl celibate dei preti \u00e8 una finzione\u201d, Sept. 24, 2015 : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2015\/09\/24\/il-celibato-dei-preti-e-una-finzione\/2042054\/\">Il Fatto<\/a> ; Sguotti Sante, <em>Prete pedofilo si diventa. Pedofilia e celibato nella Chiesa di Papa Francesco<\/em>, La Zisa, 2015 (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibs.it\/prete-pedofilo-si-diventa-pedofilia-libro-sante-sguotti\/e\/9788899113148\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 See Ratzinger, <em>Introduction to Christianity<\/em>, trans. in French : <em>Chemins vers Jesus<\/em> (see especially the chapter on Gandhi). J. Ratzinger was fascinated by Gandhi\u2019s choice of celibacy. He invited Gandhi is grandson to the Vatican. A recent biography tells of Gandhi\u2019s possible \u201chomophily\u201d (see: Joseph Lelyveld, Great Soul, Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India, especially pp. 79-104. I also found the letters between Gandhi and his friend Kallenbach in South Africa, see my book F. Martel, Global Gay, Flammarion, 2013. See also this article in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/01\/books\/gandhi-biography-by-joseph-lelyveld-roils-india.html\">New York Times<\/a>.)<br \/>\n\u2013 Celibacy and sex abuses : Report on Catholic sexual abuse partly caused by secrecy and mandatory celibacy. Report examined findings of 26 royal commissions and inquiries from Australia, Ireland, the UK, Canada and Netherlands (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2017\/sep\/13\/catholic-sexual-abuse-partly-caused-by-celibacy-and-secrecy-report-finds\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in several chapters of <\/em>Sodoma\/ In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Charamsa (Krzysztof)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former priest in the Vatican<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith ; pope Benedict XVI ; Jos\u00e9 Mantero.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Krzysztof Charamsa, <em>La premi\u00e8re pierre, Moi, Pr\u00eatre gay face \u00e0 l\u2019hypocrisie de l\u2019\u00e9glise<\/em>, La D\u00e9couverte, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Elena Tebano, \u201cLa Confessione del monsignore : Sono gay e ho un compagno\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.corriere.it\/cronache\/15_ottobre_02\/confessione-monsignore-sono-gay-ho-compagno-13a47834-6950-11e5-a7ad-17c7443382c3.shtml\">Corriere della Sera<\/a>, Ottobre 3, 2015 (original interview) ; Gaia Pianigiani, \u201cGay Priest Who Lost Vatican Job Assails the Church in Letter to Pope Francis\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/10\/29\/world\/europe\/gay-priest-who-lost-vatican-job-assails-the-church-in-letter-to-pope-francis.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, Oct. 28, 2015 ; and <a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/vatican\/20151104.OBS8828\/exclusif-je-ne-voulais-plus-servir-le-mensonge-confession-d-un-pretre-homosexuel.html\">L\u2019Obs<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 13, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 13 \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade againsts gays \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Chem Sex Parties in the Vatican<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Capozzi (Luigi).<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the scandal of Chem Sex Parties inside the Vatican (Luigi Capozzi was found by the Vatican Gendarmerie while having gay parties with drugs inside an apartment in the building of the former Palace of the Holy Office), read : Francesco Antonio Grana, \u201cVaticano, fermato un monsignore: festini gay e droga al Palazzo dell\u2019ex Sant\u2019Uffizio\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/06\/28\/vaticano-fermato-un-monsignore-festini-gay-e-droga-nel-palazzo-del-santuffizio\/3691426\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>, June 28, 2017 ; See also, on Luigi Capozzi : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/top-vatican-official-gay-sex-in-vatican-never-been-worse-than-under-francis\">LifeSite<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/edward-pentin\/the-drug-fueled-homosexual-scandal-allegations-at-the-holy-office\">NCRegister<\/a>. See : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/06\/28\/vaticano-fermato-un-monsignore-festini-gay-e-droga-nel-palazzo-del-santuffizio\/3691426\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/top-vatican-official-gay-sex-in-vatican-never-been-worse-than-under-francis\">LifeSite<\/a> ; and <a href=\"https:\/\/heavy.com\/news\/2017\/07\/luigi-capozzi-gay-orgy-drugs-vatican-coccopalmerio-monsignor\/\">Heavy.com<\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 Some of the men of Dominio Giani, the Inspector General of the Corpo della Gendarmeria, had complained a few times about all the men that came and went from the former Palace of the Holy Office, where Luigi Capozzi held his parties. See: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/06\/28\/vaticano-fermato-un-monsignore-festini-gay-e-droga-nel-palazzo-del-santuffizio\/3691426\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>. See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cronachesalerno.it\/festini-gay-e-droga-preso-monsignor-capozzi-di-maiori\/\">Le Cronache<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.positanonews.it\/?p=3194141\">Positano News<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dagospia.com\/rubrica-29\/cronache\/vaticano-ano-ano-che-fara-rsquo-bergoglio-dopo-scoperta-festino-151583.htm\">DiagoSpia<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2017\/07\/05\/vaticano-festino-gay-con-droga-per-il-segretario-del-cardinale-coccopalmerio-nuova-grana-per-papa-francesco\/3708967\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Rumors about Cardinal Coccopalmerio being close to Luigi Capozzi (<a href=\"https:\/\/reinformation.tv\/cardinal-coccopalmerio-present-fete-drogue-sexe-homosexuel-pape-smits-88946-2\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 21, \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice Papa\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 20 \u00ab\u00a0The Vice-pope \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Chile<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Cardinal Angelo Sodano ; Cardinal Jorge Medina ; Err\u00e1zuriz, Francisco Javier ; Ezzati, Ricardo ; Gay issue, Pinochet and the Church in Chile ; Papal visit to Chile and Peru 2018; Sexual abuse in the Chilean Church.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>General sources<\/strong> : Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9 Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 (on Sodano and Fresno, pp. 381-399).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Church and Pinochet\u2019s regime.<\/strong> Some of the most important works on the Chilean Church during Augusto Pinochet\u2019s regime (1973-90) include: Enrique Correa, and Jos\u00e9 Antonio Viera-Gallo, <em>Iglesia y dictadura<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, CESOC, 1986 ; Brian H. Smith, <em>The Church and Politics in Chile: Challenges to Modern Catholicism<\/em>, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1992 ; David Fern\u00e1ndez, <em>La \u201cIglesia\u201d que resisti\u00f3 a Pinochet<\/em>, Madridn, IEPALA, 1996 ; Rafael Otano, <em>Nueva cr\u00f3nica de la transici\u00f3n<\/em>, LOM, 2006 ; \u00c1lvaro Ramis, \u201cLas iglesias y la dictadura chilena,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemondediplomatique.cl\/IMG\/pdf\/8_Ramis.pdf\">Le Monde Diplomatique<\/a> (Chilean edition), Sep. 2013 ; Veit Strassner, \u201cLa Iglesia chilena desde 1973 a 1993,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/scielo.conicyt.cl\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0049-34492006000100004\">Teolog\u00eda y vida<\/a>, 47 (2006) ; Hugo Cancino, <em>Chile: Iglesia y dictadura, 1973-1989<\/em>, Odense, Odense University Press, 1997.<br \/>\n\u2013\u00a0<strong>More general books<\/strong> on the Chilean dictatorship consulted: Ascanio Cavallo, Manuel Salazar, and Oscar Sep\u00falveda, <em>La historia oculta del r\u00e9gimen military<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Uqbar, 2008 ; Carlos Huneeus, <em>El r\u00e9gimen de Pinochet<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Taurus, 2016 ; Peter Kornbluh, <em>The Pinochet file: a declassified dossier on atrocity and accountability<\/em>, The New Press, 2004.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Ra\u00fal Silva Henr\u00edquez. <\/strong>Cardinal archbishop of Santiago (1961-1983), he led the Chilean Church for over two decades and also played a prominent role in the Latin American episcopate since his outstanding participation in the Second Vatican Council. He had a key position during Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship, not only within the Church but also leading the opposition to the regime. In 1973, Silva created along with other Christian churches the Committee for Peace (Comit\u00e9 Pro Paz), the first human rights organization in Chile, with the aim of protecting the victims of Pinochet. In 1975, the Committee closed due to government pressures, but Silva required Pope Paul VI to open a Vicariate of Solidarity guided by the same principles. As Archbishop of Santiago, he preached harsh homilies condemning institutional violence. His determined position against Pinochet caused him to have a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/opinion\/2007\/09\/29\/angelo-raul\/\">long dispute<\/a> with the then nuncio Angelo Sodano, who had an opposite view on the role of the Church in dictatorship. In 1982, when Silva turned 75, Pope John Paul II rapidly accepted his resignation. See: Ra\u00fal Silva Henr\u00edquez, <em>Memorias<\/em>, vol. 1-3, Santiago de Chile, Copygraph, 1991-94; Ascanio Cavallo, Manuel Salazar, and Oscar Sep\u00falveda, <em>La historia oculta del r\u00e9gimen militar<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Uqbar, 2008; Rafael Otano, <em>Nueva cr\u00f3nica de la transici\u00f3n<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, LOM, 2006; Carlos Pe\u00f1a, \u201cCosas de cardenales\u201d, <em>El Mercurio<\/em>, Sep. 9, 2007.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cristi\u00e1n Precht :<\/strong> As the head of the Committee for Peace and the Vicariate of Solidarity (1974-79), he was a symbol in the defense of human rights during Augusto Pinochet\u2019s regime, and one of the most respected and influential Chilean priests. In 2012, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith found him guilty of \u201cabusive conduct\u201d with adults and minors. \u2022 His public role as Vicar of Solidarity made him a strong candidate to the episcopate, but Angelo Sodano systematically blocked his appointment. Pinochet did the same putting pressure on the Vatican to avoid his promotion. Disputes with Sodano also occurred during the preparation of Pope John Paul II\u2019s visit to Chile in 1978. Sodano was nuncio to Chile and Precht was a member of the organizing committee, in charge of liturgy. The nuncio wanted to avoid any mention or gesture on the human rights situation that could have disturbed Pinochet. \u2022 In 2011, Santiago Archbishop Ricardo Ezzati received a report accusing Precht of having abused a student, Patricio Vela, who took his own life in 1991. The alleged molestations would have begun in the late 1970s and continued throughout the 1980s. The archdiocese dismissed the case based on a lack of evidence of sexual abuse against a minor. However, the investigation revealed another 20 independent testimonies of sexual abuse of males between 15 and 35 years old when they were attacked. The Vatican found Precht guilty and Cardinal Ezzati sentenced him to a five-year suspension from ministry \u2013 a minimal penalty considering that the judicial vicar recommended a life sentence. Precht fulfilled his canonical sentence in December 2017. Three months later, five former students of a Marist Brothers school in Santiago filed a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/nacional\/noticia\/la-querella-maristas-apunta-al-sacerdote-cristian-precht\/108075\/\">criminal complaint<\/a> against five priests, including Precht. They are accused of \u201cillicit association\u201d (conspiracy), indirect and direct sexual abuse and favoring prostitution of minors. Three alleged victims testified against Precht in civil court and before Cardinal Charles Scicluna, Papal envoy to investigate clerical sexual abuses in Chile. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adnradio.cl\/noticias\/nacional\/depredadores-sexuales-en-nombre-de-dios\/20180304\/nota\/3718883.aspx\">According to them<\/a>, Precht witnessed the groping of a 12-year-old student by a group of priests and Marist brothers. He was also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2018\/03\/26\/los-curas-rojos-tambien-van-al-infierno\/\">accused of attacking<\/a> two other students during confession. They also said that Precht was an accomplice of the abuses committed by Miguel Ortega, former vicar for the youth, with whom he lived. See Precht\u2019s biography by the journalist Andrea Lagos, <em>Las culpas del vicario<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Catalonia\/UDP, 2017.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Gay issue, Pinochet and the Church in Chile<\/strong> : The military regime of Augusto Pinochet (1973-90) had an ultraconservative orientation on social issues and at the same time imposed neoliberal policies in the economic field with the support of civilians. \u201cThe way the dictatorship acted on homosexual men an women, in general, was rather indirect,\u201d according to the writer and journalist \u00d3scar Contardo (<em>Raro, una historia gay de Chile<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Planeta, 2011). At the same time, the regime reinforced cultural uniformity as a value and imposed fear on anyone who would develop a dissident way of life. Since the 1970s, most of the Chilean elite \u201ctook refuge in conservative Catholic groups and movements. This process gained strength in dictatorship and a greater momentum under Pope John Paul II, who promoted spiritual movements devoid of social criticism. In such a society, any challenge to the moral and gender conventions established by the Catholic tradition provoked alarm.\u201d However, <a href=\"http:\/\/repositorio.uchile.cl\/bitstream\/handle\/2250\/135847\/Me-pusieron-homosexual.pdf?sequence=1\">Pablo Simonetti<\/a>, writer and founder of the LGBT organization Iguales, agrees that Pinochet did not persecute or repress homosexuals in a special way, nor did police harassment occur more intensely than before. The previous socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970-73) and the left, in general, were also extremely homophobic. But during the dictatorship, gay people were not seen as an articulated opposition or a group with an ideological agenda and, therefore, a danger. \u2022 In the late 1970s, in the midst of the military regime, a gay scene re-emerged in private clubs, discotheques and bars of Santiago, after years of blackout of the nightlife by the imposition of the curfew. At that time, however, gay nightlife exclusively aimed at gay consumption and was not accompanied by a political movement. Pro- and anti-Pinochet gays alike participated.\u00a0\u2022\u00a0The regime admitted a gay circuit with relative openness, although clubs frequently suffered police raids. Fausto was the first gay club in South America, oriented toward upper-class gay men, artists and TV stars. The police and the press paid special attention to it \u2013 police raids were quite frequent, despite one of the owners having a bronther in the police \u2013 but the authorities never closed it. Quasar, a more underground working-class club, was co-owned by a former officer of the Investigative Police and it was located meters away from a military unit. A small bunch of policemen was among its clients, according to some people who frequented it. A 70-year old gay man also remembers the existence of a place located in one of the most expensive neighborhoods of Santiago that was the favorite of the military crowd. \u2022 The first stable group of gay men, Betania, was organized in 1977 by Catholic professionals who sought to reconcile their religious beliefs with their sexual orientation. The group had the guidance of the Dutch priest Cornelio Lemmers. According to Contardo, the activity was not clandestine. In those days, the Church was living a relative openness motivated by the impact of the Second Vatican Council and the agitation period until the death of Paul VI. Lemmers even recalled that the auxiliary Bishop of Santiago Sergio Valech was well aware of his work. The group, however, did not have the activist or political agenda of the LGBT movement in the US and Western Europe. After John Paul II, the conservative orientation of the Church made it impossible for the group to seek support and acceptance within the institution. Father Cornelio Lemmers was assigned outside of Santiago and soon the group disintegrated.<br \/>\n\u2013\u00a0<strong>Bibliography on this subject, see<\/strong> : \u00d3scar Contardo, <em>Raro, una historia gay de Chile<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Planeta, 2011 ; V\u00edctor Hugo Robles, <em>Bandera hueca: historia del movimiento homosexual en Chile<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Arcis\/Cuarto Propio, 2008 and <a href=\"http:\/\/banderahueca.blogspot.cl\">banderahueca.blogspot.cl<\/a> ; Juan Pablo Sutherland, <em>A coraz\u00f3n abierto: geograf\u00eda literaria de la homosexualidad en Chile<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Sudamericana, 2001 and, the same writer, <em>Naci\u00f3n marica<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Ripio, 2009 ; Gonzalo Salazar, <em>El deseo invisible<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Cuarto Propio, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Jaime Guzm\u00e1n<\/strong> is considered the main civil ideologist of Pinochet\u2019s regime. He drafted the 1980 Constitution that has shaped the Chilean political system until now. Even today, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2013\/08\/27\/la-homosexualidad-de-jaime-guzman-era-un-secreto-a-voces\/\">his sexual orientation is controversial<\/a>, although there is no evidence of his homosexuality. Extremely Catholic, he attended daily mass and had close ties to the most conservative groups within the Church. Guzm\u00e1n\u2019s homosexuality was a matter of concern for Pinochet\u2019s intelligence apparatus, the powerful DINA. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elperiodista.cl\/newtenberg\/1396\/article-32991.html\">A 1976 memorandum<\/a> contained a special section entitled \u201cHomosexuality\u201d with a list of close friends of Guzm\u00e1n who were \u201cinternational\u201d (sic) or \u201crecognized\u201d homosexuals. However, beyond his friends, in the leaked files there is no information of him being homosexual. The fiction film <em>The Uncle<\/em> (2013), starring Guzman&#8217;s nephew, <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.latercera.com\/noticia\/el-tio-jaime-guzman\/\">insinuates his bromances<\/a>. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.movilh.cl\/documentacion\/carta-medina-senado-movilh-2013-2.pdf\">Cardinal Jorge Medina remembered Guzm\u00e1n<\/a>, in relation to same-sex unions, saying that his \u201cfriend\u201d would have agreed that homosexuality is \u201caberrant, a serious depravity.\u201dGuzm\u00e1n was killed in 1991 by members of a communist guerrilla organization. He had been a democratically elected senator.<br \/>\n\u2013 Guzm\u00e1n was the main civil ideologist of the dictatorship, but he had no relevant official position during the regime. Even today there is a great controversy about his sexual orientation. Popular culture raised him as a icon closeted gay of the extreme-right Catholic, but no evidence of his homosexuality has been found.<br \/>\nAs a lawyer and constitutional law professor at the Catholic University, and one of Pinochet\u2019s most influential advisors, he drafted the 1980 Constitution that conditioned the Chilean political system in democracy. Influenced by the political ideas of Carl Schmitt and F.A. Hayek\u2019s liberalism, he was the mind behind the gremialismo (liberal-conservative movement, corporate doctrine) and founder of the UDI, a right-wing conservative party that supported Pinochet\u2019s regime in the 1980s and now is part of President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era\u2019s coalition. \u2022 Guzm\u00e1n was democratically elected senator in 1990. A year later, he was killed by members of the communist guerrilla Frente Patr\u00f3tico Manuel Rodr\u00edguez. \u2022 Guzm\u00e1n was extremely Catholic (he attended daily mass), close to the ultra-conservative groups (Opus Dei, Father Karadima\u2019s church, Cardinal Jorge Medina) and a fierce opponent of Cardinal Silva Henr\u00edquez, the CELAM and liberation theology. \u2022 Secret documents of the DINA (National Intelligence Directorate, Pinochet\u2019s secret police until 1977) revealed that Guzman was not only a target of espionage by the regime, but also that there were suspicions about his homosexuality. A 1976 memo contained a special section entitled \u201cHomosexuality\u201d with a list of close friends and relationships\u00e1n. The list includes an \u201cinternational homosexual\u201d who is close to Guzm\u00e1n and a \u201crecognized homosexual\u201d. The document is mentioned in \u00d3scar Contardo\u2019s book <em>Raro<\/em>, a history of homosexuality in Chile. Despite the large intelligence apparatus of the dictatorship, no concrete evidence of gay relationships is mentioned.\u2022 A nephew of Guzm\u00e1n, the actor Ignacio Santa Cruz, starred the film <em>The Uncle<\/em> (2013) and also a biographic play, and both of them insinuate his homosexuality. The nephew did thorough research on Guzm\u00e1n and he did not find any sexual partner or relationship. \u201cFacing his sexuality was an impossible issue for him being the public figure he was and having the mother he had,\u201d the nephew said. For him, most likely he was celibate. \u2022\u00a0In 2013, in a letter to the President of the Senate, Cardinal Jorge Medina opposed the civil union law expressing that homosexuality is \u201caberrant, a serious depravity\u2026\u201d and he added: \u201cI am sure our common friend Jaime Guzm\u00e1n would have agreed with my statements.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 Literature has also treated the case of Francisco Javier Cuadra, Pinochet\u2019s minister and spokesman, and also ambassador to the Holy See. Marcelo Leonart wrote the novel <em>La Patria <\/em>(Santiago de Chile, Tajamar, 2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.revistaintemperie.cl\/2013\/06\/24\/la-patria-marcelo-leonart\/\">In his fiction work, the author portrayed Cuadra<\/a> as a \u201chedonistic homosexual.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 Regarding the resounding case of Father Fernando Karadima, convicted of sexual abuse by the Vatican, witnesses mentioned Rodrigo Serrano Bombal as a key figure in the link between the powerful priest and Pinochet\u2019s regime. Serrano was so relevant in Karadima\u2019s parish that he was nicknamed \u201cthe little king\u201d \u2013 Karadima was known as \u201cthe king\u201d \u2013, and he used to stay at the parish until dawn. (Mar\u00eda Olivia Monckeberg, <em>Karadima: el se\u00f1or de los infiernos<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2011). <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse in the Chilean Church<\/strong> : Sexual abuse cases perpetrated by priests have been a cornerstone in the current relationship between the Church and Chilean society. Since the first priest was convicted for sexually abusing children in the early 2000s, Jos\u00e9 Andr\u00e9s Aguirre, known as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/el-cura-tato-uno-de-los-casos-de-abuso-sexual-que-remecio-a-la-iglesia-chilena\/\">\u201cFather Tato\u201d<\/a>, to Pope Francis\u2019 attacks and requests for forgiveness to the victims of Father Fernando Karadima during his 2018 trip to Chile and Peru, the institution sank into a critical situation. Once prestigious for its defense of human rights and democracy during the dictatorship of Pinochet in the 1970s and 80s, the Chilean Church\u2019s reputation is now seriously affected after new cases are uncovered every month with the cover-up of Bishops and other authorities. A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latinobarometro.org\/lat.jsp\">survey conducted by Latinobar\u00f3metro<\/a> in 2017 indicates that the confidence of Chileans in the Catholic Church is only 36%, falling from an 80% in 1996 and with the biggest decrease in 2011, when Karadima\u2019s case became known.<br \/>\n\u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/\">BishopAccountability.org<\/a> has documented nearly 120 clergymen publicly accused of sexually abusing minors in Chile. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Chile\/\">list<\/a> only collects information from media coverage and court fillings of cases having occurred since 2000. According to this American organization, \u201cis a fraction of the total number of accused clerics who would be known if Chile\u2019s Church leaders were required to report to law enforcement.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 The newspaper <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.latercera.com\/noticia\/las-80-denuncias-abuso-sexual-ha-enfrentado-la-iglesia-chile\/\">La Tercera<\/a> also counted 80 clergymen and a nun accused of sexual abuse in the last 15 years. Among them, there are four bishops and a provincial superior of the Jesuits. The list does not include priests accused of cover-up, abuse of power or other crimes. Only 45 of them were found guilty by Chilean or the Vatican courts, and 11 cases remain pending resolution.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2011, the Chilean Bishops\u2019 conference created a council for prevention of abuse and accompaniment of victims. The council <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iglesia.cl\/prevenirabusos\/Clerigos_condenas.pdf\">published a list<\/a> of \u201cpublicly informed\u201d clerics who have been sentenced, both in criminal and ecclesial justice, for crimes against minors. The document only reports on the number of convicted clerics, 33, but no names are mentioned. According to <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2018\/01\/10\/la-iglesia-recibe-al-papa-ocultando-el-fallo-por-abusos-sexuales-del-ex-obispo-de-iquique\/\">a press report<\/a>, when Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati assumed the presidency of the Bishops\u2019 conference, he ordered the names of the implicated clerics to be removed from the website. In any case, the list has numerous omissions.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2015, the Chilean Bishops\u2019 conference issued guidelines to deal with the cases of sexual abuse of minors that were approved by all the dioceses of the country. The document, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iglesia.cl\/documentos_sac\/27052015_938am_5565bacb65812.pdf\">Care and Hope<\/a>, has serious omissions, according to BishopsAccountability.org. For instance, it contains no <em>zero tolerance<\/em> provision. In addition, it does not require the bishops to inform law enforcement of sex crimes, but it makes the victims, their relatives, and caregivers responsible for reporting.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013<\/strong><strong> Fernando Karadima<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>Priest and sexual abuser <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/las-claves-para-comprender-el-caso-karadima\/\">convicted by the Vatican before he was further investigated<\/a> by Chilean justice. A<a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt4341806\/\"> movie<\/a> was made about this case. <em>[See also in this bibliography the main source : Karadima]<\/em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Overall scandal<\/strong> <strong>(2018)<\/strong> : see the numerous articles by Cecile Chambraud for Le Monde : \u201cLe pape reconna\u00eet des d\u00e9rives au sein de l\u2019\u00e9piscopat chilien\u201d (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/ameriques\/article\/2018\/05\/14\/pedophilie-le-pape-reconnait-des-derives-au-sein-de-l-episcopat-chilien_5298571_3222.html?\">ici<\/a>) ; \u201cP\u00e9dophilie : le pape Fran\u00e7ois tanc\u00e9 par un cardinal\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/abonnes.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2018\/01\/22\/pedophilie-le-pape-francois-tance-par-un-cardinal_5245202_3210.html?\">ici<\/a>) ; \u201cLa douleur et la honte du pape face \u00e0 la p\u00e9dophilie\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/religions\/article\/2018\/01\/16\/le-pape-exprime-douleur-et-honte-au-chili-pour-les-enfants-agresses-sexuellement-par-des-pretres_5242559_1653130.html?\">ici<\/a>). Resignation of all bishops : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2018\/05\/18\/pedophilie-dans-un-document-incendiaire-le-pape-reconnait-une-faillite-collective-de-l-eglise-chilienne_5301005_3210.html?\">Le Monde<\/a> ; See also the series, by Cecile Chambraud as well, for <em>Le Monde<\/em> : Part I : Fernando Karadima, le \u00ab\u00a0saint\u00a0\u00bb pr\u00e9dateur de l\u2019Eglise du Chili\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2018\/08\/21\/le-saint-predateur-de-santiago_5344409_3210.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, August 21, 2018\u00a0; Part II : \u201cTu ne parleras point\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2018\/08\/22\/l-eglise-chilienne-et-la-loi-du-silence_5344808_3210.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, August 23, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pinochet key advisers<\/strong> : Jaime Guzm\u00e1n ; Francisco Javier Cuadra ; Sergio Rill\u00f3n ; Osvaldo Rivera ; Rodrigo Serrano\u2026 See below :<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Francisco Javier Cuadra : <\/strong>Cuadra was a key official of the dictatorship during the 1980s and has been mentioned by different sources as a closeted homosexual. However, there is no public evidence of this assertion. He is divorced with 8 children. <strong>\u2022\u00a0<\/strong>He was minister and spokesman of Pinochet (1984-87) after working with Sergio Rill\u00f3n in the office in charge of Government-Church relations. In those years, he concentrated much power and was the kind face of the dictatorship before the media and public opinion. In 1987, he was appointed ambassador to the Holy See and, in democracy, rector of the Diego Portales University in Santiago. He lasted a few months in office after many questionings of his role during the dictatorship. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Marcelo Leonart\u2019s novel <em>La Patria<\/em> (2012) is said to have Cuadra as its main character, a lonely hedonistic person with men bromances. The fiction work caused quite a stir but received no objection to this characterization of Cuadra.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u2022 Sergio Rill\u00f3n : <\/strong>Contrary to a rumor, Sergio Rill\u00f3n has never been ambassador to the Vatican. Pinochet had only two : H\u00e9ctor Riesle (1974-1987) and Francisco Javier Cuadra (1987-1990 &#8211; who worked with Rill\u00f3n and was appointed there thanks to him). But Rill\u00f3n did frequently travel to Rome during the 80s to speak directly to Vatican authorities on behalf of Pinochet, bypassing the Chilean Church. \u2022 However, Rill\u00f3n was one of Pinochet\u2019s top advisors and remained close to him until the death of the dictator. He commanded the office in charge of Church-State relations, where he cultivated a close relationship with Sodano. He attended Father Karadima\u2019s church along with Sodano.<strong>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/strong>A retired marine captain and lawyer, Rill\u00f3n was an advisor since the beginning of the dictatorship. He wrote the government junta\u2019s act of constitution that \u2018legally\u2019 imposed Pinochet as head of State (source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leychile.cl\/Navegar?idNorma=237897\">here<\/a>) and worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as an advisor on human rights issues. \u2022 He was a high-level (but low profile) civil advisor to Pinochet and the military regime from the beginning of the dictatorship and after, during the democratic period. \u2022 In the 1980s, he was appointed director of special affairs, a liaison office between the government and the Church. At that time, he became very close to Angelo Sodano despite the tension between the local Church and the military regime. \u2022 Around 1976, he was an advisor of the regime\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and worked on issues related to the international complaints about the human rights situation in Chile (especially after Jimmy Carter\u2019s election) [source <a href=\"http:\/\/www.socialismo-chileno.org\/sag\/Golpe\/el11\/10%20episodios%20desconocidos%20del%20Golpe.pdf\">here<\/a>] \u2022 Around 1981, he began to serve as Pinochet\u2019s advisor in charge of the Special Affairs Office (oficina de Asuntos Especiales). He was in charge of the liaison between the regime and the Catholic Church. His office operated in La Moneda (presidential palace). At that time, he became close to Sodano, in a context of an extreme tension between the local church and the military regime. (However, according to other sources, this relationship was not always fluid and they had some disagreements). \u2022\u00a0He frequented Father Fernando Karadima\u2019s parish of El Bosque, core of the hardest and ultraconservative sector of the Church that supported Pinochet. Victims of Karadima\u2019s sexual abuse testified that Sodano, Rill\u00f3n and Karadima met frequently to discuss the appointment of bishops and priests and exchange information. \u2022 After the return of democracy, he publicly criticized the decriminalization of \u201csodomy\u201d and unconditionally supported Karadima despite multiple allegations of sexual abuse against young men. (Most of this information here is from Mar\u00eda Olivia Monckeberg\u2019s book <em>Karadima,<\/em> <em>El se\u00f1or de los infiernos<\/em>. See excerpts below.)<br \/>\n\u2013 In an interview (2006), Rill\u00f3n said: \u201cIt can\u2019t be said that Sodano was a <em>Pinochetist<\/em>, [\u2026] he is an eminently ecclesiastical man, with a universal vision of the Church, and he deeply knows its history. Sodano was a balanced man that had to work in one of the most difficult periods, when the bipolarity of the Cold War was a reality, both internally and externally\u201d.<br \/>\n\u2013 During the 80s, Rill\u00f3n and Sodano both frequented the church of El Bosque and the priest Fernando Karadima. James Hamilton, who was a direct witness of these encounters (and one of the victims of Karadima), said that he heard how the three of them together defined the priests who were going to be the new bishops of the Chilean Church. The meetings occurred during the entire period in which Sodano was in Chile, to the point that one room inside the church was named \u201cthe Nuncio\u2019s room\u201d because it was the place where they usually met. (The testimony of Juan Carlo Cruz, a victim of Karadima, has confirmed to us all these points).<br \/>\n\u2013 During the 80s, Pinochet offered him important positions in the cabinet, but he rejected them because of his low-profile style. Instead, he recommended his friends and collaborators for those positions. At that time, Pinochet already considered him a friend and they used to hold conversations for hours. (<a href=\"http:\/\/diario.elmercurio.com\/detalle\/index.asp?id=%7Bbcf26c92-b5b0-45b4-9080-bb4330eb3c13\">source<\/a>)<br \/>\n\u2013 After the recovery of democracy (1990), Rill\u00f3n was a member of the Advisory Committee of the Army\u2019s Commander-in-Chief (Pinochet continued being the Commander-in-Chief until 1998).<br \/>\n\u2013 Later, he was an advisor to Pinochet when the dictator was appointed \u2018Senator for life\u2019 (1998-2002). At that time, Pinochet was arrested in London.<br \/>\n\u2013 Homosexuality: In 2009, <em>El Mercurio <\/em>(the main Chilean newspaper, conservative) published a letter to the editor signed by Sergio Rill\u00f3n, in which he strongly rejected a TV spot from the campaign of Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era (then, elected president), where the candidate appears hugging a gay couple talking about \u201cacceptance\u201d and \u201crespect\u201d (Luis Larra\u00edn was one of them). Rill\u00f3n wrote: \u201cThe issue has reached such a point \u2013 unprecedented in Chile \u2013 that it was incorporated into the candidates\u2019 programs [\u2026]. The images impress us by the ostensible normality the protagonists show: youth, sanity and appearance [sic]. These factors contribute to dilute or weaken the arguments that are against putting this situation on the same level of a relationship analog to marriage in our legal and social system. This has the obvious consequence of encouraging young people not to oppose discipline to such tendencies and behaviors. To avoid this damage from scandal, it is imperative to delve into the affective environment of two people of the same sex. It can reach sublime levels and, in general, it is known as <em>friendship<\/em>. \u2018Grater love has no one than this: to lay down one\u2019s life for one\u2019s friend\u2019 (John 15:13), Christ teaches. [\u2026] The problem is to convert this friendship of empathy with an affective content to a physical projection of carnal union in the broad sense, but more specifically in the act of sodomy. This is the central point of conflict, because even when \u2018progressive\u2019 legislators, or rather \u2018regressive\u2019, have decriminalized this act, it remains contrary to the nature and the reason, supported by both pagan and Judeo-Christian history.\u201d Rill\u00f3n finishes the letter quoting different verses from the Bible (Leviticus 18:22; Romans 1:26; Corinthians 6:9; Genesis 1:27; Genesis 2:24). (<a href=\"http:\/\/yanky1000.blogspot.cl\/2009\/11\/debate-sobre-la-homosexualidad-carta-al.html\">Source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 A year later (June 2010), Rill\u00f3n wrote another letter to <em>El Mercurio<\/em> unconditionally supporting Karadima after the scandal became public: \u201cI have been a parishioner of the church of the Sacred Heart of El Bosque since 1976 and I have always had a great admiration and affection for the accused priest. I have always considered him a profound man of God and an unconditional devotee of the Most Holy Virgin. I will not change this conviction whatever the outcome of the prosecution in progress\u201d. (This is quoted in Monckeberg\u2019s book)<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Osvaldo Rivera : <\/strong>Rivera was a powerful civil official during a period of the dictatorship. He was in charge of censorship and the control apparatus against free media. He knew Sodano well and they had a social and institutional relationship. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>In his youth, he joined the military government and climbed to become National Director of Communications (1983-85), the section that applied censorship to the media, free press, and artworks. Later, he became director of the public television (TVN) and after leaving official positions, he worked as a spy abroad, according to a press article. Upon the return of democracy, he directed the cultural section of the commune of Providencia in Santiago. He left office amid corruption scandals.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Rodrigo Serrano Bombal\u00a0: <\/strong>Serrano is a former Navy reserve officer who served at the office in charge of Church-State relations commanded by Sergio Rill\u00f3n during the dictatorship. He was also head of the cabinet at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A former private secretary of Karadima testified before the court that he \u201cheard about Serrano being linked to the DINA,\u201d Pinochet\u2019s secret police. Francisco Prochaska, a layman who lived with Karadima and assisted him, said: \u201cOnce the Father [Karadima] told me that we had to keep the young people away from Serrano because he was \u2018dangerous\u2019 (\u2026). Later, four young men of El Bosque, who were always close to Rodrigo Serrano, told that they were going to travel with him [\u2026] to Europe and that he would pay the ticket and expenses.\u201d But Karadima managed to abort the plans. According to Serrano\u2019s testimony before the judge in Karadima\u2019s trial, he was close to the then-nuncio Angelo Sodano: \u201cI have traveled to Rome, I have had ties to the Vatican State and I have done advisory work to it in relation to my friendship with the Nuncio to Chile and Secretary of State, Angelo Sodano.\u201d (Juan Andr\u00e9s Guzm\u00e1n, Gustavo Villarrubia, and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Catalonia\/UDP, 2011)<br \/>\n\u2013 Serrano was part of Father Karadima\u2019s circle and traveled with him to Europe, as was proven in trial. Serrano testified that he knew Sodano very well and thanks to this friendship he advised in Rome. He is single and cultural manager in the commune of Vitacura in Santiago. <strong>\u2022<\/strong> He was a member of Fiducia, a traditionalist anti-liberal conservative group that later originated the local chapter of the Tradition, Family and Property movement. He joined the Catholic Action at Karadima\u2019s parish in 1980 and soon became part of the most intimate circle of the priest. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Juan Carlos Cruz said that Serrano was so relevant in El Bosque that he was nicknamed \u201cthe little king\u201d, while Karadima was called \u201cthe king\u201d by the members of his parish (this testimony is part of M.O. Monckeberg\u2019s and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez\u2019s books). Serrano joined Sodano and Karadima\u2019s meetings, and also had private encounters with the priest. According to Gonz\u00e1lez\u2019s book, he usually had dinner at the parish and sometimes he stayed until dawn. <strong>\u2022\u00a0<\/strong> <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 9, \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 9 \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Chile (Papal visit to Chile and Peru 2018)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Cardinal Err\u00e1zuriz, Francisco Javier ; Karadima ; Cardinal Angelo Sodano. <\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 Pope Francis\u2019 trip to Chile and Peru in January 2018 (the sixth to the Americas) has been considered the most controversial travel of his papacy. Even before the Pope\u2019s arrival, the issue of sex abuse and church cover-up scandals tinged the trip. \u201cIt will not be an easy visit,\u201d Secretary of State, Pietro Parolin, said before embarking to Chile. Chile received Bergoglio with an extremely divided Church and, among the population, a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latinobarometro.org\/lat.jsp\">credibility in free fall<\/a>. The symbol of the crisis was the Bishop of Osorno, Juan Barros, accused of covering up the crimes of the country\u2019s most notorious pedophile priest, Fernando Karadima. The community of Osorno and the Karadima plaintiffs had been strongly opposing Barros\u2019 bishopric. The Pope failed to calm the waters. During his trip, Francis spoke four times in public about sexual abuse by clerics. In Peru, the visit was more successful, but the case of abuse and corruption by the Sodalitium \u2013 a powerful and elite society of apostolic life \u2013 was still present.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>\u201cPain and shame\u201d.<\/strong> In the presidential palace in Santiago, in front of President Michelle Bachelet, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-pope-chile-shame\/pope-in-chile-expresses-pain-and-shame-over-church-sex-abuse-scandal-idUSKBN1F51BZ\">Pope Francis said<\/a>: \u201cHere I feel bound to express my pain and shame, shame at the irreparable damage caused to children by some ministers of the Church.\u201d The same morning, the controversial Bishop Juan Barros was part of the first papal mass in the country (as he was in the rest of public events). His presence was widely questioned and seen as contradictory to Bergoglio\u2019s statement. In <a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/es\/speeches\/2018\/january\/documents\/papa-francesco_20180116_cile-santiago-religiosi.html\">a message addressed to priests and nuns<\/a> in Santiago\u2019s cathedral, Bergoglio compared the \u201charm and suffering\u201d of the victims to the \u201cpain for you, brothers, who\u00a0[\u2026] have seen the harm caused by suspicion and questioning [\u2026] that by going around in clerical attire in many places you pay a heavy price.\u201d<br \/>\nFrancis also had a \u201cstrictly private\u201d meeting with a small group of victims of sexual abuse by priests, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-pope-chile-shame\/pope-meets-victims-of-child-sexual-abuse-in-chile-cries-with-them-idUSKBN1F51BZ\">according to the Vatican spokesman Greg Burke<\/a>. However, the Pope refused to have a meeting with victims of Karadima who asked for it on many occasions.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>\u201cIt\u2019s calumny\u201d.<\/strong> Questioned by reporters about Bishop Juan Barros in his last public mass in Chile, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/papa-respalda-a-barros-el-dia-que-me-traigan-una-prueba-voy-a-hablar-son-calumnias\/\">Pope Francis claimed<\/a>: \u201cThe day they bring me proof against Bishop Barros, then I will speak. But there is not a single proof against him. It\u2019s calumny. Is that clear?\u201d Simultaneously, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/juan-barros-papa-me-dio-palabras-animo-fueron-apoyo-carino\/\">Barros was saying<\/a>: \u201cThe Pope expressed his support and affection to me.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 During the return flight to Rome, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicnewsagency.com\/news\/full-text-of-pope-francis-in-flight-press-conference-from-peru-94699\">Bergoglio gave a press conference<\/a> and spent most of it talking about the Barros case. When a reporter asked him why did he believe more in the testimony of Barros than the victims, the Pope answered: \u201cI had the case studied [\u2026] and, really, there is no evidence [\u2026] of guilt. [\u2026] So, based on the lack of evidence, I expect a piece of evidence to change my position. Otherwise, I apply a basic legal principle in every court: <em>memo malus nisi probetur<\/em>: nobody is bad unless it is proven. And here comes the word \u2018proof\u2019 [<em>prueba,<\/em> in Spanish] which I think is the one that played me the dirty trick. [\u2026] I would rather talk about \u2018evidence\u2019 instead and, of course, I know there are many abused people who cannot bring proof [\u2026] but also because I am convinced that he is innocent.\u201d<br \/>\nAbout the victims, Bergoglio said: \u201cThey did not come, they have not given the evidence for trial, [\u2026] they did not show up. [\u2026] We must be clear in this: somebody who accuses without evidence, with obstinacy, this is calumny.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The evidence against bishop Barros existed.<\/strong> Despite what Pope Francis said, the victims of Karadima offered their formal testimony several times.<br \/>\n\u2013 In the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lasegunda.com\/especiales\/especial_fallo_karadima\/index.html\">criminal case against Karadima<\/a>, they claimed that Barros witnessed abuse (Judge Jessica Gonz\u00e1lez established the veracity of the facts and that their testimonies were \u201ctruthful\u201d and \u201creliable\u201d).<br \/>\n\u2013 In February 2015, <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2015\/02\/09\/la-carta-enviada-al-vaticano-que-acusa-al-obispo-barros-de-ser-complice-de-karadima\/\">Juan Carlos Cruz sent a letter to the Nuncio<\/a> Ivo Scapolo with a formal complaint against Barros, with copy to the Pope and the Vatican\u2019s congregations. Cruz accused Barros of destroying the first testimony against Karadima and of threatening him, apart from being present when the priest committed sexual abuse.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cardinal O\u2019Malley rebuked the Pope :<\/strong> The Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, Se\u00e1n O\u2019Malley, questioned the Pope\u2019s words. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bostoncatholic.org\/Utility\/News-And-Press\/Content.aspx?id=34264\">In a statement<\/a>, he wrote: \u201c[Pope\u2019s] Words [\u2026] abandon those who have suffered reprehensible criminal violations of their human dignity and relegate survivors to discredited exile. [\u2026] I cannot address why the Holy Father chose the particular words he used at that time.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The retraction :<\/strong> Once in Rome, <a href=\"http:\/\/press.vatican.va\/content\/salastampa\/en\/bollettino\/pubblico\/2018\/01\/30\/180130c.html\">the Vatican announced<\/a> that the Pope arranged for Archbishop Charles Scicluna, considered the most respected sex crimes prosecutor of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, \u201cto go to Santiago de Chile to hear those who have expressed their willingness to submit elements\u201d regarding the case of Barros. Scicluna traveled to Santiago and New York to hear 64 testimonies and produce a 2,300-page report. As a result, in April 2018, Francis addressed a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicnewsagency.com\/news\/full-text-of-pope-francis-letter-to-chilean-bishops-29914\">letter to Chile\u2019s bishop<\/a> <em>(see the <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/press.vatican.va\/content\/salastampa\/it\/bollettino\/pubblico\/2018\/04\/11\/0267\/00578.html\">original letter<\/a><em> in Spanish)<\/em>. After a \u201cslow reading\u201d of the report, he concluded: \u201cI have made serious mistakes in the judgment and perception of the situation, specially due to a lack of truthful and balanced information.\u201d In an unprecedented measure, he called all the Chilean bishops to Rome, and also invited the victims to meet him.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Who provided \u201cuntruthful and unbalanced\u201d information?<\/strong> Although it is widely documented that the Pope timely received information disqualifying Barros, Francis\u2019 words revealed the existence of peope who provided him biased interpretations. While the bishops\u2019 conference <a href=\"http:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/04\/11\/902143\/Conferencia-Espiscopal-por-carta-del-Papa-En-base-a-informacion-no-del-todo-veraz-no-ha-podido-hacerse-cargo-de-la-situacion.html\">stated<\/a> that they gave \u201cthe right\u201d information, there are many speculations about who was behind it. In the press, three persons have been mentioned as potentially responsible: 1) Cardinal Francisco Javier Err\u00e1zuriz : he has a history of omissions in the case of Karadima and has a strong influence over the Pope as a member of the Council of Cardinals (C9). 2) Nuncio Ivo Scapolo : Scapolo: he was appointed nuncio to Chile by pope Benedict XVI in 2011. He has a close relationship with Angelo Sodano and is considered his delegate in Chile (Sodano was nuncio to Chile during Pinochet\u2019s regime and his presence was decisive in delineating the conservative profile of the current episcopate). Scapolo worked in the Section of Relations with State when Sodano was Secretay of State. Like Sodano, Scapolo cultivated good relations with the Opus Dei (specially with the Bishop Ignacio Gonz\u00e1lez), the Legionaries of Christ and other conservative groups. Sodano was a friend of Karadima (Bishop Barros\u2019 godfather) and, like him, Scapolo promoted the designation of Barros before the Pope despite the rejection of laypeople, according to different sources. Scapolo was one of the few bishops who attended the installation mass of Barros in Osorno and publicly <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/nuncio-apostolico-no-se-le-ha-escondido-nada-a-la-santa-sede\/\">expressed his support<\/a>. Days before the papal visit to Chile, the <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/4effac97c91c4e55a720745996816a73\/AP-Exclusive:-Pope-letter-details-concern-over-Chile-bishop\">AP published<\/a> a leaked a letter sent by the pope in 2015 to the bishops\u2019 conference regarding the case of Barros. The letter revealed the bishops were concerned about the Barros issue, and that Francis instructed Scapolo to contain the damage and move him away to avoid scandal before his appointment in Osorno. The plan was to ask Barros to take a sabbatical, but Scapolo boycotted the strategy. The letter not only indicates that the Pope was well aware of the problem before appointing Barros, but also that Scapolo\u2019s manoeuver impeded a solution. 3) Germ\u00e1n Arana: a Spanish Jesuit, specialist in spiritual exercises for priests, and an old friend of Bergoglio. Barros participated in a religious retreat in Spain guided by Arana in Jan. 2015, the same time the Pope decided to send the bishop to Osorno. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.quepasa.cl\/articulo\/actualidad\/2015\/03\/1-16575-9-la-guerra-santa-de-osorno.shtml\/\">According to some versions<\/a>, after the retreat, Arana met Bergoglio and gave good references of Barros. Before his return to Chile, Barros met the Pope for an hour. In Mar. 2015, Arana attended the installation of Barros in Osorno.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Bishop Juan Barros.<\/strong> In 2015, Pope Francis appointed Barros to head the small diocese of Osorno in south-central Chile. When the appointment was announced, hundreds of priests and lay Catholics from Osorno strongly rejected Barros based on the accusations of covering up for Karadima. They organized a demonstration on his inauguration day in Osorno and, since then, they have raised the case in every instance. In 2015, Bergoglio talked about the case for the first time in an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8MJ-arsR7kE\">informal statement<\/a> he made in Rome: \u201c[Osorno] is a church that lost its freedom allowing itself to fill their heads by politicians [\u2026]. So use your head and don\u2019t get carried away by all the leftists who are the ones who organized all this. [\u2026] Osorno suffers, yes, but because it\u2019s stupid.\u201d \u2022 When he was still a seminarian, Barros was the personal assistant of Cardinal Francisco Fresno. According to the victims, the Bishop was part of Karadima\u2019s inner circle and he witnessed sexual abuse on many occasions. In those years, witnesses claim that Nuncio Angelo Sodano used to visit Karadima to exchange information on the Church. In 1995, Barros was ordained bishop by Cardinal Jorge Medina. As in many other appointments, Sodano intervened in favor of the promotion of both Medina (in 1984) and Barros (1995). (Juan Andr\u00e9s Guzm\u00e1n, Gustavo Villarrubia, and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Catalonia\/UDP, 2011; M. Olivia Monckeberg, <em>Karadima: el se\u00f1or de los infiernos<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2011)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Pope\u2019s leaked letter. <\/strong>Days before the beginning of the visit to Chile, the Associated Press published a leaked letter that the Pope sent to the executive committee of the Chilean Bishops\u2019 Conference regarding the case of Bishop Barros and the Vatican\u2019s maneuvering to deal with him and two other prelates accused of knowing of Karadima\u2019s abuses for decades. The letter reveals the Chilean bishop\u2019s concern about Barros and that Francis instructed the nuncio Ivo Scapolo to contain the damage and move him away to avoid scandal well before the appointment in Osorno. The letter is dated Jan. 31, 2015, days after Barros\u2019 appointment in Osorno. Bergoglio wrote: \u201cI received your email of Jan. 23. Many thanks for openly expressing your concern at this time regarding the appointment of Mons. Juan Barros Madrid. I understand what you are saying and I am aware that the Church in Chile is in a difficult situation due to all the trials it has had to undergo.\u201d \u201cI well remember your visit in February of last year and all the different proposals, which I thought were prudent and constructive.\u201d \u201cHowever, a serious problem came up at the end of the year. The nuncio asked Mons. Barros to resign [from the military bishopric] and encouraged him to take a sabbatical, (for perhaps a year), before assuming any other responsibilities as a Bishop. And he told him the same course of action would be taken with Bishops of Talca [Horacio Valenzuela] and Linares [Tomislav Koljatic], but that nothing should be said to them. Mons. Barros wrote a resignation letter in which he mentioned the Nuncio\u2019s comment.\u201d \u201cAs you can comprehend, the Nuncio\u2019s comment complicated and blocked any eventual path to offering a year\u2019s sabbatical. We spoke about it with Cardinal Ouellet and I know he talked about it with the Nuncio.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/4effac97c91c4e55a720745996816a73\/AP-Exclusive:-Pope-letter-details-concern-over-Chile-bishop\">Source<\/a>) <strong>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/strong>As a result, not only Barros didn\u2019t resign from the military ordinariate, but also he was appointed bishop of Osorno months later. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Why did the Pope go through with the appointment despite being aware of the accusations and even the Chilean bishops asking him to intervene? Is Francis accusing the nuncio Scapolo of boycotting his decision? Did Scapolo \u2013 close to Sodano, who in turn was close to Karadima and supported the promotion of his priests \u2013 do it with the intention of protecting Barros from the Pope\u2019s decision? And finally: who leaked the letter? The Chilean Bishops\u2019 Conference?<strong> \u2022\u00a0<\/strong>Bergoglio talked about the letter during the press conference on the return flight from Peru: \u201cIt\u2019s also a letter in favor of [that proves] the caution we had to manage Barros\u2019 problem. [\u2026] When the Karadima scandal broke out [\u2026] you began to see how many priests who had been trained by Karadima had been abused or have been abusers. There are four bishops in Chile sent to the seminary by Karadima [Barros, Valenzuela, Koljatic, and Andr\u00e9s Arteaga, who is very sick and on leave]. Someone from the Bishops\u2019 Conference had suggested that these bishops [\u2026] might better renounce, resign or take a year sabbatical and then, after the storm ends, to avoid accusations\u2026 because they\u2019re good bishops, good bishops. Like Barros. [\u2026] It was said: \u2018We ask him to resign, perhaps explaining\u2026\u2019, and he generously resigned. He came to Rome and I said: \u2018No. We don\u2019t play like this because this means admitting prior guilt. In any case, if there is guilt, it has to be investigated.\u2019 And I rejected his resignation. Later, when he was appointed [in Osorno], all this protest movement arose, and he gave me his resignation for the second time. I said: \u2018No, you go.\u2019 \u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/events\/event.dir.html\/content\/vaticanevents\/en\/2018\/1\/21\/voloritorno-cile-peru.html\">source<\/a>)<strong> \u2022 <\/strong>Francis\u2019 explanation is contradictory with what he wrote in the letter. He confirmed that Barros resigned, but he said he rejected the resignation because he had no evidence of guilt, not because his plan failed. And he doesn\u2019t mention the role of the nuncio.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>The nuncio Ivo Scapolo and Angelo Sodano : <\/strong>The spokesman of the lay community of Osorno, Juan Carlos Claret, stated that \u201cthe letter confirms what we have been denouncing for three years: the nuncio Ivo Scapolo is servile to the interests of Fernando Karadima, he is very close to Angelo Sodano, who is also a friend of Karadima, and everyone knows the influence that Sodano has in the Vatican. I believe that there is a game of thrones that is important to reveal\u201d. (<a href=\"http:\/\/t13radio.cl\/podcast\/?id_podcast=120180115095437\">Source<\/a>). <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Many sources state that Scapolo promoted the designation of Barros before the Pope, and against the opinion of cardinal Ricardo Ezzati and other members of the Bishops\u2019 Conference (something that the leaked letter and the Pope\u2019s conference have revealed) (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldinamo.cl\/pais\/2015\/03\/19\/las-secretas-gestiones-de-ezzati-ante-el-papa-francisco-para-detener-la-nominacion-de-barros-como-obispo-de-osorno\/\">source 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.soychile.cl\/Osorno\/Sociedad\/2015\/03\/16\/310642\/Arzobispo-Chomali-afirma-que-el-Papa-ratifico-a-Juan-Barros-como-obispo-de-Osorno-pese-a-muestras-de-rechazo.aspx\">source 2<\/a>)<strong>\u00a0\u2022\u00a0<\/strong>Scapolo was appointed Nuncio to Chile in 2011 by Benedict XVI. Before that, he had been nuncio to Bolivia and Rwanda. Previously, he had worked in the representations to Angola, Portugal and the US, and the Section for Relations with States when Sodano was Secretary of State. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>The nuncio\u2019s close relationship with Sodano is well-known in Chile as well as his support of the conservative wing of the Chilean Church. In 2014, he accused three \u201cdisobedient\u201d priests (Jos\u00e9 Aldunate, Mariano Puga and Felipe Berr\u00edos) before the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Scapolo, like Sodano when he was nuncio in Chile, has also cultivated good relationships with the Opus Dei (one of his allies is the Opus Dei bishop of San Bernardo Ignacio Gonz\u00e1lez) and the Legionaries of Christ. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2018\/01\/15\/intriga-vaticana-la-carta-del-papa-que-se-convirtio-en-una-bomba-previo-a-su-llegada-a-chile\/\">Source 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2018\/01\/15\/intriga-vaticana-la-carta-del-papa-que-se-convirtio-en-una-bomba-previo-a-su-llegada-a-chile\/\">Source 2<\/a>). <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>When Barros assumed his position in Osorno, Scapolo was one of the few bishops who attended the mass (Cardinal Ezzati did not) and expressed his support to him. (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/nuncio-apostolico-no-se-le-ha-escondido-nada-a-la-santa-sede\/\">source<\/a>). <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>During the papal visit, the president of the Chamber of Deputies, Fidel Espinoza, handed a letter from the lay community of Osorno to Pietro Parolin. Espinoza said \u201cParolin thought that the group was a minority, we believe that the information that the Pope received is absolutely false.\u201d \u201cOf course, I blame the nuncio Ivo Scapolo. They misinform the Vatican saying it\u2019s an isolated movement. We want the ecclesiastical authority to inform the Vatican with the truth.\u201d<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Father Germ\u00e1n Arana, Bergoglio\u2019s friend : <\/strong>While many people point to Scapolo, others believe that the Spanish Jesuit priest Germ\u00e1n Arana played a key role in making the pope radically change his mind and deciding to keep Barros and appoint him in Osorno. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Germ\u00e1n Arana is a specialist in spiritual exercises for priests and an old friend of Bergoglio. He is considered very conservative and anticommunist, and an informant of the Pope in Spain with a strong influence on the local church. <strong>\u2022 <\/strong>Barros participated in a religious retreat in Spain guided by Arana in Jan. 2015, the same time when the Pope decided to send the bishop to Osorno. According to some versions, after the retreat, Arana met Bergoglio and gave good references of Barros. Before his return to Chile, Barros met the pope for an hour. In March 2015, Arana attended the installation of Barros in Osorno. (<a href=\"http:\/\/m.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2018\/01\/19\/guerra-santa-las-dos-almas-de-la-iglesia-que-desnudo-el-paso-del-papa-bergoglio\/\">source 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-pope-abuse-peru\/ahead-of-trip-pope-orders-takeover-of-catholic-group-in-peru-idUSKBN1EZ29I\">source 2<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Pope Francis accepted Barros\u2019s resignation in June 2018. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Peru Visit (2018) :<\/strong> A week before his trip, Francis ordered the Vatican takeover of the Sodalitium Chririanae Vitae and appointed an administrator. The Sodalitium is a powerful and elite organization founded in Peru in 1971 by the layman Luis Fernando Figari. It was recognized by Rome in 1997 as a Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right under the authority of the Congregation for Institutes of Consacrated Life. Apart from Peru, the Sodalitium has presence in Argentina, where it was invited in 2005 by the then-Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio; Brazil; Colombia, invited by Cardinal Alfonso L\u00f3pez Trujillo in 1990 (it owns two schools in this country); Chile, invited by Cardinal Francisco Javier Err\u00e1zuriz in 1999 (it owns a university and a school in Santiago, and counts important businessmen among its members); Costa Rica; Ecuador; the US; and Italy. (<a href=\"http:\/\/sodalicio.org\/\">source<\/a>)\u00a0\u2022\u00a0Figari headed the Sodalitium until 2010 and has been accused of several cases of pedophilia. An internal report of the organization concluded that Figari and three other high-ranking members abused 19 minors and 10 adults for about three decades. Prosecutors in Peru say that Figari orchestrated the sexual and physical abuse of young men. In 2014, when Peruvian prosecutors began the criminal investigation, Figari left for Rome, where he currently lives. The former director of the Sodalitium is scheduled to go on trial in 2018. A Peruvian judge is now set to rule on whether to authorize his arrest, which would allow prosecutors to seek his extradition from the Vatican.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2017, after conducting its own investigation, the Vatican told Figari not to return to Peru, according to a letter sent to the Sodalitium by Cardinal J\u00f5ao Braz, prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life (<a href=\"http:\/\/sodalicio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/Carta_Roma_2017.pdf\">source<\/a>). The spokesman Greg Burke said in a statement \u201cthe directive not to return to Peru was issued in order to block any contact of Figari with Sodalitium. The Vatican will in no way oppose Peruvian efforts to detain Figari.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/17\/world\/americas\/pope-peru-figari-solidatum-abuse.html\">source<\/a>) \u2022 The case also shadowed Francis\u2019 visit to Peru, and there, another bishop was accused of covering up Figari\u2019s abuse. The Archbishop of Piura, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Eguren, is an incardinated priest of the Sodalitium, one of the closest disciples of Figari and a member of the group\u2019s leadership. Eguren gave the honor speech to Bergoglio in Trujillo, where the Pope celebrated a mass. The archbishop has been also accused of land trafficking in the city of Piura and has been implicated as a member of La Gran Cruz, a criminal organization involved in homicide, money laundering, hired killers, and extortion. (<a href=\"https:\/\/lavozatidebida.lamula.pe\/2018\/01\/20\/el-juan-barros-peruano\/pedrosalinas\/\">source<\/a>) \u2022 In the press conference during the return flight, Bergoglio explained the issue: \u201cThe Sodalitium began with the case of a person who seemed to be very\u2026 very virtuous, who died. In an investigation it was discovered that this person had a double life. This is the first case of the Sodalitium I know. Hey! But this was 20 or 25 years ago, and then there was a complaint of abuse committed by the founder, not only sexual, but also of consciousness manipulation. The trial against the founder arrived to the Holy See. He was convicted. He was not expelled from the Sodalitium but he lives alone with a person who assists him\u2026 He pleads innocent of the evidence that was presented in trial and appealed to the Apostolic Signatura, the Vatican\u2019s supreme court. The case is in appeal. [\u2026] The trial was a trigger for other of his victims to present civil and ecclesiastical cases. So, if the Apostolic Signatura finishes the trial first \u2013 for or against him \u2013 it does not make sense because there are several more serious cases and the justice has to pronounce judgment on them and the civil justice intervened [\u2026] Almost two years ago I sent a Visitor to the Sodalitium, Cardinal Tobin, bishop of Newark. Cardinal Tobin [\u2026] discovered things that he did not understand or were unclear, appointed two economic observers and found the third type of abuse that also touched the founder: the economic management. After a study, he recommended \u2018commissioning\u2019 the Sodalitium.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/events\/event.dir.html\/content\/vaticanevents\/en\/2018\/1\/21\/voloritorno-cile-peru.html\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 9, \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 9, \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>China<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 See Beno\u00eet Vermander, University Fudan, Shangha\u00ef at the Sciences Po Symposium, 2018 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/enjeumondial\/fr\/category\/religion-et-politique\/vatican\">here, the record<\/a> of his conference, co-organized by F. Martel.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 24, \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 14 \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s diplomats \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Clairvaux (Bernard of)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On the love affair between Bernard of Clairvaux and Malachy, see : Kittredge Cherry, \u201cBernard of Clairvaux and Malachy : Abbot and the archbishop he loved\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/qspirit.net\/bernard-clairvaux-malachy\/\">qspirit.net<\/a>, August 20, 2017. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu\/03d\/1090-1153,_Bernardus_Claraevallensis_Abbas,_Some_Letters,_EN.pdf\">the letters<\/a> between them.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 1, \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 1 \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Claudel (Paul)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French writer.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Joseph Ratzinger ; Arthur Rimbaud<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Paul Claudel, I mainly use Marie-Anne Lescourret, <em>Claudel<\/em>, Flammarion, 2003.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Joseph Ratzinger, reader of Claudel, see\u00a0(among multiple sources) his speech in 1998 for his reception of the Legion d\u2019honneur decoration\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Archives\/2005-04-22\/Dossier-_NP_-2005-04-22-234428\">La Croix 1\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Archives\/2008-09-12\/Le-Pape-pas-a-pas.-Un-amour-pour-la-douce-France-.-_NP_-2008-09-12-327883\">La Croix 2<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the essential debate about Claudel and Rimbaud and Rimbaud\u2019s catholicism see\u00a0: Claudel\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/maxencecaron.fr\/2010\/07\/claudel-preface-rimbaud\/\">preface<\/a> of <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>, 1912. See also\u00a0: Jean-Baptiste Baronian, ed., <em>Dictionnaire Rimbaud<\/em>, coll. Bouquins, Robert Laffont, 2014 (see section: \u00ab\u00a0Claudel\u00a0\u00bb, pp. 158-161)\u00a0; Enid Starkie, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, Flammarion, 1982 (on Claudel, see pp. 278-279\u00a0; 497)\u00a0; Benjamin Fondane, <em>Rimbaud le voyou<\/em>, Non Lieu, 2010\u00a0; Pierre Petitfils, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, Julliard, 1982 (see p. 386). See also\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rimbaud catholique\u00a0\u00bb, in Isabelle Rimbaud, <em>Reliques<\/em>, Mercure de France, 1921 (sister of the poet\u00a0; see the text\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rimbaud catholique\u00a0\u00bb).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 7, \u00ab\u00a0Le code Maritain\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 7 \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Cocteau<\/strong> (<strong>Jean<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 See : <em>Le Livre Blanc<\/em>, 1928. The book was first published anonymously by Maurice Sachs.<br \/>\n\u2013 See Angelo Rinaldi : \u201cCocteau, Les pi\u00e8ges de la facilit\u00e9 pour notre sublime tante nationale\u201d, L\u2019Express, 30 septembre 1983.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 7, \u00ab\u00a0Le code Maritain\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 7 \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Colombia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca On Cardinal Alfonso L\u00f3pez Trujillo see the entry at : L\u00f3pez<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>\u2013 <\/strong><strong>Germ\u00e1n Robledo\u00a0\u00c1ngel<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>Former priest in Cali. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/opinion\/un-clero-gay\">Published <em>Hacia un clero gay (Towards a gay clergy)<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> where he denounces the hypocrisy of the Catholic Church in Colombia, for its condemnation of gay rights, but its homosexual \u2013and sometimes abusive\u2013 practices. He tells of his indignation when learning that some of the local donations for the Church in Cali where used by priests to pay for male prostitutes.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u2013 William de Jes\u00fas Mazo\u00a0P\u00e9rez. <\/strong>Accused and condemned for child abuse.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n\u2013 Juan Vicente\u00a0C\u00f3rdoba.<\/strong>Jesuit bishop of Fontib\u00f3n. Has spoken in favour of respecting the dignity of homosexuals, but he <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/estilo-de-vida\/gente\/adopcion-gay-aprobada-en-colombia-iglesia-rechazo-decision-de-la-corte\/16421790\">opposed legislation to grant them the rights<\/a> of marriage and adoption.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n\u2013 Secretos bajo la\u00a0sotana.<\/strong>Colombian emission by Caracol about hidden homosexuality in the Vatican<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Jos\u00e9 El\u00edas\u00a0Lopera<\/strong>. Colombian priest. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elcolombiano.com\/antioquia\/escandalo-salpica-a-un-sacerdote-JY3760748\">Accused by his former lover<\/a>, whom he abandoned after he was badly burnt, of having a gay relationship with him.<br \/>\n\u2013 New Revelations about sexual abuse in Medell\u00ecn (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wradio.com.co\/noticias\/actualidad\/arzobispo-de-medellin-encubrio-y-protegio-a-sacerdotes-pederastas-de-su-ciudad\/20180321\/nota\/3726595.aspx\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the processus of peace with the FARC and the role of the Catholic Church, see : Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cHow Colombia\u2019s Voters Rejected Peace\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/how-colombias-voters-rejected-peace\">The New Yorker<\/a><em>,<\/em> October 4, 2016 ; Nicholas Casey, \u201cColombian Opposition to Peace Deal Feeds Off Gay Rights Backlash\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/10\/09\/world\/americas\/colombian-opposition-to-peace-deal-feeds-off-gay-rights-backlash.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Oct 8, 2016 ; Deborah Sontag, \u201cThe Secret History of Colombia\u2019s Paramilitaries and the U.S War on Drugs\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/09\/11\/world\/americas\/colombia-cocaine-human-rights.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept. 10, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 13, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 13 \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade against gays \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Communion and Liberation<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See CEI, Cardinal Ruini<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Movement founded in 1954. See : Gabriel Abraham Almond, R Scott Appleby, Emmanuel Sivan, <em>Strong Religion<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2003\u00a0; Dario Zadra, <em>Comunione e Liberazione: A Fundamentalist Idea Of Power<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994. See also\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Actualite\/Communion-et-liberation-cinquante-ans-d-engagements-en-Italie-_NG_-2009-06-03-535599\">La Croix<\/a><br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel, in chapter(s) : 18, \u00ab\u00a0La CEI\u00bb\u00a0; <\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em>, in chapter(s) 17 \u00ab\u00a0CEI \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Concile Vatican II (Vatican II Council)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See Vatican II<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Congar<\/strong> (<strong>Yves<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Theologian, French Cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 On his relation with Jacques Maritain and on his own friendships, see Jean Puyo, <em>Jean Puyo interroge le p\u00e8re Congar<\/em>, Le Centurion, 1975 (pp. 18-20 et 24-27).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is used as a background information for <\/em>Sodoma<em> by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><em><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith (ex Inquisition)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 See Guy Bedouelle, \u201cL\u2019Inquisition, l\u00e9gendes et ch\u00e2timents\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016 ; and Corrado Augias, \u201cLe Tribunal de la Foi\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Croatia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u2013 <\/strong>The question of homosexuality in the Catholic Church has been discussed by several scholars and journalists, among them : <a href=\"http:\/\/arhiva.portalnovosti.com\/2010\/01\/zagrebacka-nadbiskupija-bit-ce-najveci-vlasnik-nekretnina-u-gradu\/\">Mirna Jasic<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zagrebancija.com\/hr-aktualnosti\/top-of-the-pops--najutjecajniji-svecenici-zagreba_285128\">Kornelija Ivanic<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.novilist.hr\/Komentari\/Kolumne\/Trafika-Predraga-Lucica\/Tko-su-kaptolski-batinasi\">Predrag Lucic<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tportal.hr\/vijesti\/hrvatska\/375965\/Cuvar-crkvene-kase-sve-je-blize-rjesenju-za-propali-soping-centar.html\">Vlatka Pol\u0161ak Palatinu\u0161<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tportal.hr\/biznis\/gospodarstvo\/121758\/Glavni-ekonom-Kaptola-ulaze-u-energetiku.html\">Ivica Kruhoberec<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tportal.hr\/komentari\/komentatori\/233932\/Crkva-razapeta-izmedu-komunizma-i-kapitalizma.html\">Marinko Culic<\/a>. See also the associations Protagora and Centre pour le courage civique.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Crusades (The)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On the homosexuality of Richard the Lionheart, see see John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980, p. 231. See also (quoted by Boswell) : James Brundage, <em>Richard Lion Heart<\/em>, 1974 ; Brundage is frank about the homosexuality of Richard the Lionheart.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Cuba and cardinal Jaime Ortega<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 <strong>On Cuba in general <\/strong>: I have used the biography of Che Guevara by Jon Lee Anderson, a very useful book on the history of the revolution : Jon Lee Anderson, <em>Che<\/em>, Bantam, 1997 ; Enrique Krauze, Redeemers, <em>Ideas and power in Latin America<\/em>, Harper Collins, 2011 ; Fidel Castro, <em>My Life<\/em>, Scribner, 2006 (official \u201cspoken\u201d autobiography with Ignacio Ramonet) ; Juan Reinaldo S\u00e1nchez, <em>La Vie cach\u00e9e de Fidel Castro<\/em>, Michel Lafon, 2014 (the book has a lot of inside informations of the spying system by the Castros) ; Marie Laure Geoffray, \u201cEtudier la contestation en context autoritaire : Le cas cubain\u201d, <em>Politix<\/em>, n\u00b093, 1-2011 ; I also follow the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.14ymedio.com\/blogs\/generacion_y\/\">blog<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/autor\/yoani_sanchez\/a\">articles<\/a> by Yoani S\u00e1nchez<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Background on Castro\u2019s regime and Che Guevara\u00a0<\/strong>: Pierre Kalfon, <em>Che, Ernesto Guevara, une l\u00e9gende du si\u00e8cle<\/em>, Seuil, 1997\u00a0; Jorge G. Casta\u00f1eda, <em>Compa\u00f1ero, The Life and Death of Che Guevara<\/em>, Vintage, New York, 1997. On Castro and homosexuality, see\u00a0his interview for the Mexican newspaper <em>La Jornada<\/em>, 31 ao\u00fbt 2010 (\u00ab\u00a0S\u2019il y a quelqu\u2019un de responsable, c\u2019est moi\u00a0\u00bb, said Castro regarding punishment of homosexuals). On Mariela Castro, see \u00ab\u00a0A Castro Strives to Open Cuban\u2019s Opinions on Sex\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New York Times<\/em>, 9 juin 2007 and her interview for <em>Spiegel<\/em>, July 21, 2010\u00a0; on Human Rights situation in Cuba, see\u00a0: Human Rights Watch, \u00ab\u00a0Un nouveau Castro, le m\u00eame Cuba\u00a0\u00bb, Nov 2009 and the reports by Amnesty International (<em>La situation des droits humains dans le monde<\/em>, rapport 2010).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Catholic Church in Cuba<\/strong> : Fidel Castro and Frei Betto, <em>Fidel &amp; Religion, Conversations with Frei Betto on Marxism &amp; Liberation Theology<\/em>, Ocean Press, 2006 ; Philippe L\u00e9trilliart, <em>Cuba, l\u2019Eglise et la revolution<\/em>, L\u2019Harmattan, 2005. Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cPope Francis in Cuba\u201d, The New Yorker, Sept 22, 2015. See the criticisms against Cardinal Ortega by dissident <a href=\"https:\/\/www.actuall.com\/entrevista\/democracia\/orlando-luis-pardo-disidente-cubano-cardenal-ortega-se-comporta-ministro-los-castro\/\">Orlando Pardo<\/a>. See also : Jaime Ortega y Alamino, <em>Dialogo a Cuba<\/em>, San Paolo Edizioni, 2017 (in Italian, with the official letters by the Pope, pres. Obama, etc). Several priests were among the compa\u00f1eros of Fidel Casto in the Sierra Maestra, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latinamericanstudies.org\/rebel-priests.htm\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On F\u00e9lix Varela, the Varela canonization process and the Projet Varela<\/strong> : see Fidel Castro, My Life, Scribner, 2006 (see pp. 419-422)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Fidel and liberation theology<\/strong> : Fidel Castro and Frei Betto, <em>Fidel &amp; Religion, Conversations with Frei Betto on Marxism &amp; Liberation Theology<\/em>, Ocean Press, 2006 (see pp. 233-239 : Fidel confirms that he read the books by Boff and Gutti\u00e9rrez). See also : Jaime Ortega y Alamino, <em>Dialogo a Cuba<\/em>, San Paolo Edizioni, 2017 (in Italian, with the official letters by the Pope, pres. Obama, etc.).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the UMAP camps<\/strong> : Enrique Ros, <em>La UMAP : El Gulag Castrista<\/em>, Ediciones Universal, Etats-Unis, 2004 (in Spanish) ; see also Fidel Castro, <em>My Life<\/em>, Scribner, 2006 (see pp. 222-226)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On gay life in Cuba<\/strong> : see my book, F. Martel, <em>Global Gay<\/em>, chap. II, Stock, 2013 ; see also : Emilio Bejel, <em>Gay Cuban Nation<\/em>, The University of Chicago Press, 2001.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Prostitution in Cuba<\/strong> : see the analysis of the well-known blogger and dissident Yoani S\u00e1nchez, \u201cCortesanas de la utop\u00eda\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/elpais\/2017\/02\/21\/opinion\/1487704851_436681.html\">El Pa\u00eds<\/a>, March, 12, 2017 (prostitution is forbidden but generalized in Cuba, within the apparatchick and tourists \u2013 also among the clergy).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Jaime Ortega<\/strong> : Jaime Ortega y Alamino, <em>Dialogo a Cuba<\/em>, San Paolo Edizioni, 2017 (in Italian) ; See also <a href=\"http:\/\/neoclubpress.com\/cardenal-jaime-ortega-seria-chantajeado-por-homosexual-0426523.html\">here<\/a>. Cardinal Ortega spoke publicly against homosexuality in Cuba, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aciprensa.com\/noticias\/iglesia-en-cuba-cuestiona-que-gobierno-promueva-homosexualidad-en-la-isla\/\">writing against legislation that allowed sex reassignment and marriage<\/a> for same-sex couples.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On the operation \u201cPeter Pan\u201d<\/strong> to exile people, run in part by the Catholic Church, see\u00a0: Jon Lee Anderson, \u00ab\u00a0The Cuba Play\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2016\/10\/03\/a-new-cuba\">The New Yorker<\/a>, Oct 3, 2016\u00a0:<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the role of Cardinal Ortega<\/strong> in the Obama-Castro process of pacification, see Jon Lee Anderson, \u00ab\u00a0The Cuba Play\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2016\/10\/03\/a-new-cuba\">The New Yorker<\/a>, Oct 3, 2016\u00a0:<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On <\/strong><strong>Alejandro Castro Esp\u00edn<\/strong>, son of president Ra\u00fal Castro, and head of Cuban counterintelligence services see\u00a0: Jon Lee Anderson, \u00ab\u00a0The Cuba Play\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2016\/10\/03\/a-new-cuba\">The New Yorker<\/a>, Oct 3, 2016\u00a0:\u00a0; on a more general overview of the security apparatus of Cuba, see Brian Latell, After Fidel, The Inside Story of Castro\u2019s Regime and Cuba\u2019s Next Leader, St Martin\u2019s Press, 2005.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>See also the TV program<\/strong> \u00ab El programa de Maria Elvira \u00bb (that has been reposted and diffused on many blogs). On this video, the anchorwoman Maria Elvira speaks with the Cuban ex-colonel Roberto Ortega, nicknamed \u00ab agente Idilio \u00bb. He is a former head of the medical team of FAR (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias). He gives a hypothesis in the program about the reason why Castro has always been moderate on Castroism: the archbishop might be homosexual and he would live with an agent of the Cuban secret services, \u00ab a robust six-foot-tall\u00a0 black man \u00bb [1m82]. The ex-colonel suggests Ortega has been blackmailed by the regime because of his possible homosexuality. According to Roberto Ortega, the deputy head of counter intelligence (FAR), an agent from the secret police \u00ab\u00a0was the husband of cardinal Jaime Ortega\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0Sources\u00a0: blog of the Spanish writer Zo\u00e9 Vald\u00e9s\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/neoclubpress.com\/cardenal-jaime-ortega-seria-chantajeado-por-homosexual-0426523.html\">NeoClubPress blog<\/a>\u00a0; and also <a href=\"https:\/\/zoevaldes.net\/2012\/04\/26\/el-chantaje-sexual-del-castrismo-al-cardenal-ortega-y-alamino-entrevista-con-el-coronel-roberto-ortega-ex-jefe-de-los-servicios-medicos-del-minfar\/\">here<\/a>. A Dominican newspaper also revealed this interview\u00a0with the title \u00ab\u00a0The Cardinal and his husband\u00a0\u00bb (<a href=\"http:\/\/acento.com.do\/2014\/opinion\/8145802-el-cardenal-y-su-marido-2\/\">here<\/a>). The video is also accessible here\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?time_continue=27&amp;v=ePlxuFLGk1U\">Video Link<\/a>. See also the blog\u00a0: baracuteycubano.blogspot.com\u00a0and the site democraciayvida.org\u00a0; many of these websites are anti-Castroist.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 On Bertone and Cuba <\/strong>: Tarcisio Bertone says he went \u201cto Cuba five times\u201d in an interview with Andrea Purgatori for the Huffington Post in Italy : Andrea Purgatori, \u201cMeet Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Pope Francis\u2019s Former Secretary of State\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/02\/18\/cardinal-tarcisio-bertone-pope_n_6699464.html\">The Huffington Post<\/a>, Feb. 18, 2015 :<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s) : 24, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Abdication\u00a0\u00bb \/ 23 \u00ab\u00a0The Abdication\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u2014 D \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Dani\u00e9lou<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Jean<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French theologian.<br \/>\n\u2013 See Jean Dani\u00e9lou, <em>Carnets spirituels<\/em> and <em>Le Chemin du labyrinth<\/em> (in both books Jean discussed the homosexuality of his brother Alain).<br \/>\n\u2013 I mainly use the biography by Paul Lebeau, Fleurus, 1967. See also the biography in Italian by Gianluigi Pasquale, <em>Jean Dani\u00e9lou<\/em>, Morcelliana, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Alain Dani\u00e9lou, the brother of Jean Dani\u00e9lou, specialist of India and homosexual (he lived with his lover, Swiss photographer Raymond Burnier), see the book\u00a0: Emmanuelle de Boysson, <em>Le cardinal et l\u2019hindouiste\u00a0: le myst\u00e8re des fr\u00e8res Dani\u00e9lou<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1999 (grand-niece of Dani\u00e9lou, de Boysson confirms the organizations of multiple masses for homosexuals by Dani\u00e9lou). On this book, see also\u00a0: Daniel Bermond, \u00ab\u00a0Le Cardinal et l\u2019hindouiste\u00a0\u00bb, Lire, novembre 1999.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Louis Massignon, a converted Catholic intellectual, specialized in Islamic culture, who met Lawrence of Arabia and Gandhi, and with whom Dani\u00e9lou celebrated masses for homosexuals during several years, see Christian Destremau &amp; Jean Moncelon, <em>Massignon<\/em>, Plon, 1994. See : Louis Massignon, <em>Les Trois pri\u00e8res d&#8217;Abraham<\/em>, Cerf, 1997 (read especially the one on Sodom). See also <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/135099275af.html?fr=y\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s) : 8, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00bb\/\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00a0\u00bb<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Danneels (Godfried)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013<\/strong> Cardinal from Belgium<br \/>\n<em>\u2013 See also : Saint Gall Group or St. Gallen Group.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Godfried Danneels, <em>Confidences d\u2019un cardinal<\/em>, Racine, 2009 (interviewed by Christain Laporte).<br \/>\n\u2013 About the St. Gallen group, see : Tom Kington, \u201cConservative opposition to Pope Francis spurs talk of a schism in the Catholic Church\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/europe\/la-fg-pope-conservatives-2017-story.html\">Los Angeles Times<\/a>, April 17, 2017 ; see also on the same St. Gallen group, the critical article by Anne Dolhein, \u201cCardinal Danneels de la Mafia, groupe secret de Saint-Gall\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/reinformation.tv\/cardinal-danneels-mafia-groupe-secret-saint-gall-modernisation-eglise-dolhein-43044-2\/\">Reinformation.\u00a0<\/a>For a critical view, see : Marcantonio Colonna, <em>The Dictator Pope, The inside story of the Francis Papacy<\/em>, Regnery Publishing ; Revised, Updated edition (April 23, 2018) : see chap. 1, \u201cThe St. Gallen Mafia\u201d, pp. 1-20 (the book is a critic of Pope Francis). See also \u201cThe St Gallen Group Confirmed\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/opinion\/swiss-bishops-confirm-existence-of-cardinal-danneels-mafia-against-benedict\">LifeSite<\/a>, Sept 29, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 On sexual abuse, see : Marie-C\u00e9cile Royen, \u201cAbus sexuels : l\u2019enlisement d\u2019un cardinal belge\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/actualite\/societe\/abus-sexuels-l-enlisement-d-un-cardinal-belge_916720.html\">L\u2019Express<\/a>, Feb 9, 2010. See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexpress.fr\/actualite\/societe\/abus-sexuels-l-enlisement-d-un-cardinal-belge_916720.html\">L\u2019Express<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La CEI \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0CEI\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dante<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Dante\u2019s <em>Divine Comedy<\/em>, four mentions of homosexuality are in <em>Inferno<\/em> 11, 15, 16 and in <em>Purgatorio<\/em> (about Julius Cesar). See the <em>Divine Comedy\u2019s<\/em> edition by Francesco Gnerre, Petrini, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Dante\u2019s system, I read the analysis by French historian Jacques Le Goff, <em>La naissance du Purgatoire<\/em>, Gallimard, 1981 (see chapter 10 : \u201cLe triomphe po\u00e9tique, La Divina Commedia\u201d, pp. 449-493). See also, by Robert Pogue Harrison, \u201cDante on Trial\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2015\/02\/19\/dante-trial\/\">New York Review of Books<\/a>, Feb 2015 ; and Robert Pogue Harrison, \u201cDante : He Went Mad in His Hell\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2016\/10\/27\/dante-went-mad-in-hell\/\">New York Review of Books<\/a>, Oct 27, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>David and Jonathan<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See Homosexuality in the Bible.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 For the mentions of homosexuality in the Bible, the story of David and Jonathan, and its interpretation, see: Thomas R\u00f6mer and Loyse Bonjour, <em>L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans le Proche-Orient ancien et la Bible<\/em>, Labor and Fides, Gen\u00e8ve, 2016 (for David and Jonathan\u2019s love, see chapter III, pp. 65-84).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dead<\/strong> <strong>Sea<\/strong> (<strong>The<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Israel and Jordanian sides altogether.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: Sodom ; Loth ; and Orient Travels.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Archeological expeditions<\/strong> : for the historians and travellers who visited the Dead Sea early on, sometimes to try to discover Sodom, see Volney (Contantin-Fran\u00e7ois Chassebeuf, dit), <em>Voyage en Syrie et en Eggypte<\/em>, 1787, reed. Gaulmier\/Mouton, 1959 ; <em>Travels through Syria and Egypt in the Years 1783, 1784 and 1785<\/em>, Burnet, White and co, 1788. See also : J. L. Burckhardt, <em>Travels in Syria and the Holy Land<\/em>, John Murray, 1822.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Wildlife<\/strong> : See for the Israeli side : Azaria Alon, <em>Israel, National Parks &amp; Nature Reserves<\/em>, A Carta Guide, 2008 and the collection <em>Birds of Israel<\/em> and <em>Mammals<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>Israel<\/em>, Pocket guides, 2005. See for the Jordanian side : Jarir Maani, <em>Field Guide to Jordan<\/em>, Maani Publisher, 2010.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Biblical<\/strong> <strong>Wildlife<\/strong> : I used David Darom &amp; Yossi Eshbol, <em>Animals<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Bible<\/em>, \u201c<em>From<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Lion<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Snail<\/em>\u201d, Palphot publisher.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Flora<\/strong> : and the collection <em>Trees<\/em> &amp; <em>Shrubs<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>Israel<\/em> and <em>Wildflowers<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>Israel<\/em>, Pocket guides, 2005.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sinkholes<\/strong> : Eetta Prince-Gibson, The Dead Sea is dying, Slate, Sept 17, 2013 (an excellent <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/moment\/2013\/09\/the_dead_sea_is_dying_how_sinkholes_habitat_destruction_and_low_water_levels.html\">article<\/a> on the sinkhole phenomenon and the current situation of the Dead Sea)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Red Sea-Dead Sea Canal Project<\/strong> : See the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mwi.gov.jo\/sites\/en-us\/default.aspx\">website<\/a> of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation of the Jordan Valley Authority, The Hashemite Kingdon of Jordan.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Water level and explanations of the Dead Sea shrinking<\/strong> : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/moment\/2013\/09\/the_dead_sea_is_dying_how_sinkholes_habitat_destruction_and_low_water_levels.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in an non-published chapter of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> see it online on <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr\">http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr<\/a><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>De Foucauld (Charles)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Died in 1916.<br \/>\n\u2013 Beatification in 2005 by Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n\u2013 His beatification has been deferred several times due to suspicion of homosexuality. His homosexuality is now well attested.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>DIGOS<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca Voir: Police<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Di Falco (Jean-Marie)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Bishop, Former spokesman of the French Episcopate.<br \/>\n\u2013 The spokesman of the French Episcopate has been a bishop since 1997 (ordained by Mgr Lustiger). He was a well-known figure between 1987 and 1996 as a spokesman for the French Episcopate Conference. He remained president of the Communication Council for the French Episcopate until 2010. His positions were mainly liberal even though he was orthodox on moral and sexual issues. He spoke fiercely against same-sex civil unions.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2002 and again in 2016, the bishop Jean-Marie di Falco, former spokesman of the French Episcopat, was denounced for sexual abuse by two men who were underage at the time of the supposed events. The facts are several decades old (1972-1976). The case has been considered by French justice but closed without further action because of prescriptions and for lack of proofs. Di Falco denied any wrong doing. Pope Francis accepted his resignation as Bishop of Gap in April 2017 because he was 75 years old. Sources : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinter.fr\/emissions\/l-enquete-de-secrets-d-info\/l-enquete-de-secrets-d-info-23-septembre-2016\">France Inter 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceinter.fr\/justice\/secrets-d-info\">France Inter 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marianne.net\/societe\/pedophilie-un-plaignant-tente-de-relancer-l-affaire-monseigneur-di-falco\">Marianne<\/a> ; and <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.calameo.com\/read\/002473731ed8ed25fef88\">also<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 On this scandal, see : Guillaume Serina, <em>L&#8217;affaire di Falco<\/em>, Paris, Ramsay, 2003. See also\u00a0: \u201cMgr Di Falco accus\u00e9 d&#8217;abus sexuels : le plaignant lui r\u00e9clame 600 000 euros\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ledauphine.com\/france-monde\/2018\/01\/22\/mgr-di-falco-accuse-d-abus-sexuels-le-plaignant-lui-reclame-600-000-euros\">Le Dauphin\u00e9<\/a>, Jan 22, 2018. (See also about \u201cprescription\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dici.fr\/actu\/2018\/03\/12\/affaire-di-falco-prescription-retenue-tgi-de-paris-1116664\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2022 More recently, Olivier-Jourdan Roulot described the financial scandals of Mgr Di Falco in \u201cMonseigneur Jean-Michel di Falco, l&#8217;\u00e9v\u00eaque qui a dilapid\u00e9 des millions d&#8217;euros\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lejdd.fr\/societe\/monseigneur-jean-michel-di-falco-leveque-qui-a-dilapide-des-millions-deuros-3762074\">Journal du Dimanche<\/a>, Sept 23, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a017 : \u00ab La fille ain\u00e9e de l\u2019Eglise\u00a0\u00bb (french version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dignitatis Humanae Institute<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: US ; Steve Bannon ; Cardinal Burke ; Mgr Vigan\u00f2<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Bannon and the Dignitatis Humanae Institute, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/long-format\/article\/2018\/10\/19\/le-pape-francois-face-a-ses-ennemis_5371629_5345421.html\">Le Monde, October 2018<\/a> ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute : \u201cThis is How Steve Bannon Sees The Entire World\u201d, Nov 16, 2016 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the attribution of the monastery to DHI, see : Alberto Custodero, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/cultura\/2017\/06\/16\/news\/ville_certose_grande_bellezza_assegnate_a_privati_patrimonio_artistico_ministero_beni_culturali-168257162\/\">La Rep<\/a>ubblica, June 16, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Trump and the Digtnitatis Humanae Institute, see\u00a0: Jason Horowitz, \u00ab\u00a0Steve Bannon Carries Battles to Another Influential Hub\u00a0: The Vatican\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/07\/world\/europe\/vatican-steve-bannon-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 7, 2017. See also\u00a0: Samuel Freedman, \u00ab\u00a0\u201cChurch Militant Theology\u201d Is Put To New, and Politicized, Use\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/30\/us\/church-militant-theology-is-put-to-new-and-politicized-use.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Dec 30, 2006 ; and an interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/25\/opinion\/what-does-steve-bannon-want.html\">point of view<\/a> by Christopher Caldwell. For Steve Bannon\u2019s speech at a symposium at the Vatican, via Skype, see the transcription <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Official reaction by the Dignitatis Humanae Institute (Cardinal Burke and Benjamin Harnwell) on the accusation of Cardinal Martino\u2019s homosexuality by Mgr Vigan\u00f2 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/statement-by-the-director-of-the-dhi-in-response-to-archbishop-carlo-maria-viganos-testimony\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dissidents<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca For the other key <\/em><em>\u00ab\u00a0<\/em><em>dissidents <\/em><em>\u00bb<\/em><em>, see an entry at their name.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Udo Rauchfleisch (Switzerland). Doctor, phycologist, expert in homosexuality. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/Schwule-Lesben-Bisexuelle-Lebensweisen-Vorurteile\/dp\/3525404158\">Has investigated the social and psychological experiences of homosexual individuals<\/a>. Interesting books: Homosexuelle M\u00e4nner in Kirche und Gesellschaft.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Joseph Zen (China) : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/asie-pacifique\/article\/2017\/02\/03\/le-cardinal-chinois-joseph-zen-denonce-les-compromis-du-vatican-en-chine_5074016_3216.html\">Le Monde<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 John J. Mc Neill : see Margalit Fox, \u201cJohn McNeill, Priest Who Pushed Catholic Church to Welcome Gays, Dies at 90\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/09\/26\/nyregion\/john-mcneill-priest-who-pushed-catholic-church-to-welcome-gays-dies-at-90.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept 25, 2015.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dolan (Timothy)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US cardinal<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover-up : Cardinal Timothy Dolan has been mentionned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dominican Order (The Order of Preachers)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On homosexuality in the Order, see : Fran\u00e7ois Boespflug, Pourquoi j\u2019ai quitt\u00e9 l\u2019ordre. Et comment il m\u2019a quitt\u00e9, Ed. J. C. B\u00e9har, 2016 (see the pages on homosexuality in the Dominican order).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Douthat (Ross)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Journalist<br \/>\n\u2013 A New York Times\u2019 columnist. He wrote\u00a0: <em>To Change the Church: Pope Francis and the Future of Catholicism<\/em>, Simon and Schuster, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Drewermann<\/strong> (<strong>Eugen<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 German theologian.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Born in 1940, Eugen Drewermann is a theologian and a former Roman Catholic priest (his licence to preach was revoked in 1992 by Cardinal Ratzinger).<br \/>\n\u2013 He wrote dozens of seminal books, among them I recommend <em>Fonctionnaires de Dieu<\/em>, in german: 1989 ; trans. in French: Albin Michel, 1993 (I use this book several times in my own research, especially the paperback edition La Biblioth\u00e8que Spirituelle\/Albin Michel, 1995 ; see his pages on clergy attire, masturbation, friendship in the Church, his discussion on Julien Green, Jacques Maritain or Andr\u00e9 Gide\u2019s books for example, and his famous chapters on homosexuality: \u201cL\u2019\u00e9chappatoire homosexuelle\u201d, pp. 491-529).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u00abDubia\u00bb (The)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Four cardinals criticizing Pope Francis.<br \/>\n\u2013 The four dubias are : Cardinal Raymond Burke ; Cardinal Walter Brandm\u00fcller ; Cardinal Joachim Meisner; Cardinal Carlo Caffara.<br \/>\n\u2013 The most comprehensive answer to the Dubia\u2019s letter, is Rocco Buttiglione, <a href=\"https:\/\/ares.mi.it\/it\/prodotti\/spiritualita\/risposte-amichevoli-ai-critici-di-amoris-laetitia\">Risposte amichevoli ai critici di Amoris Laeticia<\/a>, 2017. See also, Jean-Michel Garrigues and Alain Thomasset, <em>Une morale souple mais non sans boussole : r\u00e9pondre aux doutes des quatre cardinaux sur Amoris Laetitia<\/em>, with a preface by Cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn, Cerf, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab The Synode \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Dziwisz<\/strong> (<strong>Stanislaw<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Pope John Paul II\u2019s assistant ; Polish cardinal. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See : John Paul II ; Angelo Sodano ; Marcial Maciel.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Stanislaw Dziwisz, <em>J\u2019ai v\u00e9cu avec un Saint<\/em>, Cerf, 2014 (based on personal memos and notes \u2013 John Paul II asked Dziwisz to destroy them all but his assistant decided not to\u2013, this bo ok is a favorable view on the life of the Pope John-Paul II by his long-time assistant).<br \/>\n\u2013 On John Paul II\u2019s blood, the only relics of Karol Wojtyla that exist. Newspaper\u2019s Dagospia asks: \u201cHow did Dziwisz manage to get the blood? The Pope asked to destroy all the relics of him, why didn\u2019t Dziwisz respect his last wish? That relic has been donated by Dziwisz to the Church of San Nicol\u00f2 in Spoleto, in Umbria. It appears that the blood was taken in 1981, after the attempted murder of Wojtyla. The nurse Anna Stanghellini, who worked at the Policlinico Gemelli, kept the bloodied shirt of the Pope and in 2000 she gave it to the Casa Provinciale delle Suore della Carit\u00e0 di San Vincenzo de\u2019 Paoli. (<a href=\"https:\/\/it.zenit.org\/articles\/il-sangue-di-giovanni-paolo-ii-conservato-come-reliquia\/\">Source 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/tuttoggi.info\/spoleto-sangue-san-giovanni-paolo-ii-nella-chiesa-nuova-san-nicolo\/360995\/\">Source 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dagospia.com\/rubrica-3\/politica\/sangue-non-acqua-come-mai-ex-segretario-wojtyla-24460.htm\">Source 3<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the insulting qualifier \u201cWdowa Dziwisz\u201d (Dziwisz Widow, supposely of John-Paul II), there are hundreds of comments with this word on the Internet.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the links between Dziwisz and Marcial Maciel, see : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnthavis.com\/),\">John Thavis<\/a>, \u201cThe Vatican diaries\u201d who discusses the Dziwisz\u2019s contacts with the Legionaries of Christ and Marcial Maciel. In respect to the financial support of Solidarnosc by the Legionaries, see this article by <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> (in Polish) : the author writes: \u201cIn all probability Maciel supports Solidarnosc in Poland. That was the reason for the friendship with John Paul II. Each time his sins have been neutralized. Over and over as the new documents reached the Vatican, the old ones had already been forgotten.\u201d In this article he writes that he made use of the following books: \u00abLa Iglesia del silencio. De m\u00e1rtires y pederastas\u00bb, \u00abMarcial Maciel. La historia de un criminal\u00bb and \u00abLa voluntad de no saber\u00bb. (See above : Marcial Maciel.) See also : Vatican help for communist Poland (Pomoc Watykanu dla komunistycznej Polski)<strong> : <\/strong>About how John Paul II was to send 150 million dollars for the needs of the Church and Solidarity in Poland from 1981-1989 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrozka.com.pl\/tajemnice\/tajemnice-watykanu\/4603-szmal-plynie-do-kosciola\">source<\/a>). President Lech Walesa says that Solidarity received money from the Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/fakty.interia.pl\/swiat\/news-tajemnice-watykanskiej%20pomocy-dla-solidarnosci,nId,856105\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2022 Jason Berry, \u201cTha Shame of John Paul II : How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/shame-john-paul-ii-how-sex-abuse-scandal-stained-his-papacy\/\">The Nation<\/a>, April 27, 201 (Berry suggests that Dziwisz received some money from Marcial Maciel\u2019s Legionaries of Christ). By Jason Berry, see also : \u201cFrancis Must Fix-Up Cover-Up culture that John-Paul II enabled\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/francis-must-fix-cover-culture-john-paul-ii-enabled\">NCROnline.org<\/a>, Feb 21, 2019.<br \/>\n\u2022 Edward Pentin, \u201cThe Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2011\/05\/04\/the-allegations-against-cardinal-sodano\/\">Catholic World Report<\/a>, May 4, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2022 See also : Miroslaw Wlek\u0142y, \u201cLegion Molestowanych\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> : Here are some excerpts translated : \u201cNovember 11, 2002. Jos\u00e9 Barba sends a letter to Stanis\u0142aw Dziwisz, secretary of John Paul II on behalf of himself and other legionnaires. In 12 points written in Polish are the sins of Maciel.\u201d [\u2026] \u201cFlora Garza Barrag\u00e1n (daughter of Flory Barrag\u00e1n de Garzy, Legion&#8217;s long-time sponsor): &#8211; My mother told me that he asked her for millions of dollars. On a special radio with which John Paul II could secretly communicate with Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Mum gave two million dollars for it (&#8230;). When we came to Rome, we always had a party in honor of my mom (&#8230;). When her money ran out, he broke off contact with her.\u201d [\u2026] Alberto Athi\u00e9: At this time, John Paul II appoints Maciel as an expert of the World Synod of Bishops in the Vatican, and I try to continue. The house where we are sitting, I bought from the mother of Bishop Carlos Talavera. He was a model for me, a friend of my father and father when my father died. He supported me when I decided to quit my medical studies and become a priest. Wonderful man. Talavera promises me that he will give my letter to Joseph Ratzinger, then-prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He returned from the Vatican and says: \u00abRatzinger read your letter with me and asked if I know you well, I assured him that you are reliable and all this is true.\u00bb And Ratzinger said, \u00abI&#8217;m sorry, but we can not move this matter because Maciel is close to the Pope and very useful for the Church. \u00bb<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz and possible protection of sexual abuser<\/strong> : The weekly Wprost refers to the Italian La Stampa. The newspaper writes that John Paul II hid pedophilia scandals (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wprost.pl\/101864\/La-Stampa-abp-Dziwisz-ukrywal-skandale-seksualne\">source<\/a>). The newspaper <em>Gazeta Krakowska<\/em> and the British <em>Sunday Times<\/em> mention the hiding of abusers by Pope John Paul II. The Pope was supposed to hide the Austrian cardinal pedophile Hans Hermann Gro\u00ebr (<a href=\"https:\/\/gazetakrakowska.pl\/the-sunday-times-jan-pawel-ii-tuszowal-liczne-afery-pedofilskie\/ar\/240852\">source<\/a>). On the affair of Father Lukasz Kubas, information of Dziwisz sending the priest to pastoral work (<a href=\"https:\/\/plus.gazetakrakowska.pl\/parafianie-kontra-ksiadz-z-czarnej-listy-strach-rzadzi-pod-wadowicami\/ar\/10714056\">source<\/a>). On Father Andrzej : he was suspected of having pornographic films, which was of interest to Interpol. However, there was no strong evidence. The priest explained that his computer was used by other people &#8211; a parish priest and housekeeper. Cardinal Dziwisz, despite his suspicions, did not forbid the priest&#8217;s pastoral work (<a href=\"https:\/\/plus.gazetakrakowska.pl\/parafianie-kontra-ksiadz-z-czarnej-listy-strach-rzadzi-pod-wadowicami\/ar\/10714056\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Stanislaw Dziwisz and Benedict XVI<\/strong> : he was very critical about Ratzinger\u2019s decision to step down, \u201cYou can\u2019t come down from the Cross\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/polemica-dziwisz-segretario-papa-wojtyla-croce-non-si-scende-884754.html\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College \u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 E \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Err\u00e1zuriz (Francisco Javier)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Chile.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Karadima, Fernando; Sexual abuse in the Chilean church.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Born in Santiago (Chile) in 1933, Err\u00e1zuriz is a member of the Institute of Sch\u00f6nstatt Fathers, a traditionalist German-born apostolic movement in which he was world Superior General. In 1990, Pope John Paul II appointed him Archbishop Secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life. Back in Chile, he became Archbishop of Valpara\u00edso (1996) and Santiago (1998), and subsequently elevated to cardinal. In 2010, he retired from the diocese of Santiago at the age of 77.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pope Francis &amp; Err\u00e1zuriz<\/strong> : Pope Francis elected Err\u00e1zuriz members of the Council of Cardinals (C9) for the reform of the Roman Curia. Err\u00e1zuriz and Bergoglio have known each other since the 2000s. They were invested as cardinals by Pope John Paul II in the same ceremony in 2001, and acted simultaneously as archbishops of Santiago and Buenos Aires. <a href=\"http:\/\/diario.latercera.com\/edicionimpresa\/el-regreso-de-errazuriz-al-vaticano\/\">Their relationship strengthened<\/a> in the fifth Latin American Episcopal Conference (Celam) in Aparecida (Brazil). At that time, Err\u00e1zuriz was president of the conference and Bergoglio chaired the committee charged with drafting the final document. The tandem of Bergoglio and Errazuriz succeeded in the final issue of the Aparecida document. Pope Francis <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/11\/14\/927377\/Tras-declaracion-de-Barros-Fiscalia-anuncia-citacion-como-imputado-por-encubrimiento-a-Errazuriz.html\">fired Err\u00e1zuriz from C9<\/a> in the fall 2018 ; in the meantime a Chilean prosecutor\u00a0announced\u00a0that he will require Err\u00e1zuriz to state as accused for covering up abuses in an investigation against the priest Jorge Lapalagne (occurred 10 years ago). Cardinal Ezzati (bishop of Santiago) is in the same situation. (article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/11\/14\/927377\/Tras-declaracion-de-Barros-Fiscalia-anuncia-citacion-como-imputado-por-encubrimiento-a-Errazuriz.html\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/10\/08\/923202\/Jorge-Laplagne-El-caso-que-podria-arrastrar-a-Ezzati-Errazuriz-y-Hasbun-por-encubrimiento.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cover-up accusation in the Karadima case.<\/strong> Err\u00e1zuriz has been accused of mismanagement and concealment in the case of the Fernando Karadima, one of the most powerful priests of the Chilean church, sentenced by the Vatican for sexual abuse of minors. In 2004, the wife of one of the victims presented Err\u00e1zuriz the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lun.com\/Pages\/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2018-05-02&amp;NewsID=399709&amp;BodyID=0&amp;PaginaId=2\">first complaint against Karadima<\/a>. The accusation was ignored until 2005, when Err\u00e1zuriz opened a canonical trial after the Church received a second accusation. (Guzm\u00e1n, Villarrubia and Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, UDP, 2011) Despite receiving a third testimony, Err\u00e1zuriz decided to suspend the trial for three years based on a supposed lack of evidence. In a civil lawsuit against the Chilean church, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.t13.cl\/noticia\/nacional\/exclusivo-declaracion-francisco-javier-errazuriz-marco-del-caso-karadima\">Err\u00e1zuriz testified<\/a>: \u201cAt that time, Father Karadima\u2019s fame was extraordinary, he had a reputation as a saint, so I did not believe the denunciation.\u201d The Cardinal finally reactivated the canonical trial in 2010 after two more victims brought the case to the criminal justice and a TV program revealed the story. In an interview for this book, Juan Pablo Hermosilla, defense attorney of Karadima\u2019s victims and co-founder of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.paralaconfianza.org\/\">Fundaci\u00f3n para la Confianza<\/a> \u2013 an advocacy group against child abuse in Chile \u2013, accused Err\u00e1zuriz of \u201cwillful blindness\u201d because he received many testimonies and decided not to act, \u201cprobably with the support of the Vatican\u201d due to Karadima\u2019s contacts in Rome. This, he said, could be proved in a criminal lawsuit despite the fact that it was dismissed because of the statute of limitations. Victims and main litigants against Karadima, Juan Carlos Cruz and James Hamilton, also accused Err\u00e1zuriz of being \u201cthe main person responsible for concealment in the Chilean Church\u201d (during our conversation for the book). <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adnradio.cl\/noticias\/nacional\/james-hamilton-senor-errazuriz-usted-es-un-criminal-y-usted-ezzati-es-un-complice\/20180220\/nota\/3713581.aspx\">Hamilton considers<\/a> that Err\u00e1zuriz and his successor, Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati, are \u201ccriminals.\u201d The Chilean justice dismissed a lawsuit against the archbishopric of Santiago in 2017 because there was insufficient evidence of cover-up and Err\u00e1zuriz could explain his delay in reporting, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Chile\/2017_03_16_Judicial_Ruling__Cruz_Et_Al_Vs_Santiago_Archbishop.pdf\">according to judge Juan Mu\u00f1oz Prado<\/a>. After the appeal, the process will probably end in the Supreme Court. \u2022 In 2015, a series of e-mails between Cardinals Err\u00e1zuriz and Ezzati <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2015\/09\/09\/los-correos-secretos-entre-ezzati-y-errazuriz-y-el-rol-clave-de-enrique-correa-en-las-operaciones-politicas-de-la-iglesia\/\">were leaked to the press<\/a>. In one of them, Ezzati suggested Err\u00e1zuriz vetoing the appointment of Juan Carlos Cruz to the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, created by the Council of Cardinals (where Err\u00e1zuriz is a member) and Err\u00e1zuriz used his influence in the Roman Curia to achieve it. In previous emails, they planned how to avoid Cruz\u2019s participation in a meeting with the Anglophone bishops in Rome resorting to Cardinals Ouellet and Bertone. They wanted to prevent Cruz from \u201cfalsifying the truth.\u201d\u2022 In court, <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2011\/09\/09\/los-descargos-de-karadima-y-la-bomba-que-lanzo-contra-el-cardenal-errazuriz\/\">Karadima stated<\/a> that Err\u00e1zuriz told him that \u201ca book had been written and it said he was a pedophile so he had to pay 500 million pesos [one million dollars] to silence a lie.\u201d No further inquiries were made on this allegation. See also on Cardinal Javier Err\u00e1zuriz : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Bishop Cox case.<\/strong> In 2002, the Archbishop Francisco Jos\u00e9 Cox resigned from the diocese of La Serena days before an <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Chile\/news\/2002_11_03_primeralinea.cl_Matus.htm\">investigation<\/a> was published about inappropriate behavior toward seminarists and other youths, including minors. Before that, Cox was Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Family (1981-85), but he was moved back to Chile to a minor diocese for unclear reasons. Cox was also a member of Sch\u00f6nstatt while Err\u00e1zuriz was superior general of the movement. <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110723051610\/www.primeralinea.cl\/p4_plinea\/site\/20021102\/pags\/19800102063903.html\">Err\u00e1zuriz recalled<\/a> that his subordinate \u201chad a somewhat exuberant affection\u201d towards \u201call kind of people, although it is more surprising in relation to children.\u201d He also recognized: \u201cUs, as his friends and superiors, became very hard to correct him and he kept silent and humbly asked for forgiveness. He told us that he was going to make serious efforts to find a different style of treatment, but unfortunately he could not manage to do it.\u201d Although Err\u00e1zuriz himself had previously verified Cox\u2019s misconduct, he did not prevent the promotion of his friend nor present the case before the civil or ecclesial courts. Instead, as president of the Chilean bishops\u2019 conference, once the case was publicly known, he <a href=\"http:\/\/documentos.iglesia.cl\/documento.php?id=37\">stated<\/a>: \u201cIt is not our intention to make judgments about what happened in the privacy of his consciousness.\u201d Cox admitted to the allegations against him and was moved, first, to Colombia, where he took a position at the Celam, and later to a Sch\u00f6nstatt sanctuary in Germany, where he lives a life of prayer. He remains Archbishop Emeritus of La Serena.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The \u201cFather Tato\u201d case. <\/strong>Err\u00e1zuriz has been also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/opinion\/2015\/04\/28\/errazuriz-karadima-y-cox-profundas-contradicciones-papales\/\">accused of serious omissions<\/a> in the case of Jos\u00e9 Andr\u00e9s Aguirre, \u201cFather Tato\u201d, the first Chilean priest to be convicted of sexually abusing children. A Chilean court sentenced Aguirre to 12 years in prison for molestation against nine girls and statutory rape against a tenth victim. However, Aguirre recognized that his criminal records began in 1984. In 1994, the Archdiocese of Santiago knew he had raped and impregnated a 13-year-old girl. Asked about why Aguirre had not been sanctioned if the Church had information before it was presented to the criminal courts, Err\u00e1zuriz answered that they believed rehabilitation and the subsequent pastoral reintegration were possible after an \u201cexcellent spiritual accompaniment\u201d in Costa Rica and Honduras. This decision allowed Aguirre to continue abusing children when he went back to Chile. Err\u00e1zuriz appointed him parish priest in Santiago after working for two years in a pastoral vicariate. The Supreme Court considered that the Archdiocese of Santiago acted with \u201cnegligence in the control\u201d of its dependent, although it denied an economical sanction against the archbishopric. Errazuriz recognized himself rejected any collaboration with civil justice because \u201cthe bishop [himself] has a role of pastor and father [\u2026] before each priest of his diocese; I don\u2019t know if any father would go to justice to report his son.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Sodalitium and Figari. <\/strong>Err\u00e1zuriz recognized himself as a friend of Luis Fernando Figari, founder and head of the Sodalitium of Christian Life until 2010. The Sodalitium was created in Peru in 1971 and recognized by the Vatican in 1997. It is present in eight countries of the Americas and Italy. Figari and three other high-ranking members abused at least 19 minors and 10 adults for about three decades, according to an internal investigation. Prosecutors in Peru reported that Figari orchestrated the sexual and physical abuse of young men. In 2014, when the criminal investigation began, Figari left for Rome, where he currently lives. The Vatican spokesman <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/17\/world\/americas\/pope-peru-figari-solidatum-abuse.html\">Greg Burke stated<\/a>, \u201cthe directive not to return to Peru was issued in order to block any contact of Figari with Sodalitium. The Vatican will in no way oppose Peruvian efforts to detain Figari.\u201d In 2018, Pope Francis ordered the takeover of the organization after a Vatican investigation. (The complaints against the Sodalitium are much broader. The accusations include, for example, the case of one of it members, the Archbishop of Piura, Jos\u00e9 Antonio Eguren, who <a href=\"https:\/\/lavozatidebida.lamula.pe\/2018\/01\/20\/el-juan-barros-peruano\/pedrosalinas\/\">has been accused<\/a> of land trafficking and being connected to La Gran Cruz, a criminal organization involved in homicide, money laundering, and extortion.) Err\u00e1zuriz, as secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/destacado\/2017\/02\/17\/la-vieja-amistad-del-cardenal-errazuriz-con-figari-el-karadima-peruano-acusado-de-pederastia\/\">is supposed to have contributed to the pontifical approval<\/a> of the Sodalitium. Years later, as Archbishop of Santiago, Err\u00e1zuriz invited the Sodalitium to establish itself in Chile, where it owns a university and a school, which counts important businessmen among its ranks. In 2016, the cardinal visited Figari in the home provided by the Vatican in Rome. When asked about his meeting, <a href=\"https:\/\/elcomercio.pe\/lima\/influyentes-figuras-politicas-eclesiasticas-visitan-figari-274054\">Err\u00e1zuriz replied<\/a>: \u201cHe is an old friend. As the saying goes, \u2018from the fallen tree everybody makes firewood\u2019. It is more Christian to help the tree get up.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pinochet.<\/strong> Err\u00e1zuriz never hid his sympathy for Pinochet. In 2001, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mercuriovalpo.cl\/site\/edic\/20010222203849\/pags\/20010222224924.html\">he said<\/a> that people should beware with lawsuits for crimes against humanity because \u201cexcessive justice can become an injustice.\u201d In an interview with the <em>Frankfurter Allgemeine<\/em>, he attributed the Chilean economic success to Pinochet\u2019s reforms to the State: \u201cThey can only be done in dictatorship.\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/nacional\/2003\/12\/28\/133414\/cardenal-errazuriz-niega-haber-alabado-reformas-economicas-de-pinochet.html\">Later he denied having said it<\/a>). When Pinochet stepped down as senator for life in 2002, in a \u201cfriendly meeting\u201d, he asked Err\u00e1zuriz to present his resignation to the Congress in his name. When the dictator died in 2006, Err\u00e1zuriz also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/nacional\/2006\/12\/11\/238689\/cardenal-errazuriz-pidio-por-la-serenidad-de-la-patria-en-misa-de-responso-por-pinochet.html\">officiated the main mass in his honor<\/a>. During the ceremony, he asked God to \u201cforgive him [Pinochet], that He takes into account all the good that he did.\u201d The cardinal added: \u201cThe higher the authority, the brighter his qualities but also his mistakes.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pope Francis\u2019 decisions<\/strong> : In September 2018, Pope Francis defrocked Karadima. He was expelled under the same charges he was sentenced to a life of \u201cprayer and penance\u201d (link) \u2022 For his part, Cristi\u00e1n Precht was expelled after new accusations of sexual abuse in the context of a current investigation against the congregation of the Marist Brothers at the time he was Vicar of Solidarity during Pinochet\u2019s regime. The allegations are under investigation by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Chilean justice. In a statement, Precht denied the accusations once again. (link)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Chilean Public Prosecution Office<\/strong> (Ministerio P\u00fablico) has made a great advance in investigating sexual abuses committed by priests. As of Sept. 2018, there were 119 lawsuits and 167 accused churchmen: 7 bishops, 96 priests, 4 deacons, 30 other members of religious congregations, 10 laymen, and 20 unspecified people. Among the bishops, Carlos Pellegr\u00edn of Chill\u00e1n and Cristi\u00e1n Contreras of San Felipe were both accused of sexual abuse; their resignations were accepted by the Vatican. There are 178 victims reported, 79 of them were underage. (link)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the role of Cardinal Ezzati and Err\u00e1zuriz<\/strong> : The Chilean prosecutor office requested the Vatican, through the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the canonical investigation files against some priests. Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati, accused of the crime of concealment in a lawsuit presented by Juan Pablo Hermosilla, was required to give a statement in court. Ezzati requested to postpone the statement, originally scheduled in August, to study new evidence against him. He would be called again in the coming months. His resignation has not yet been accepted by the Pope. \u2022 Err\u00e1zuriz is also under investigation for concealment but the prosecutor has not provided further information. The Chilean Church declassified the list of priests condemned for sexual abuse, both civil and canonical. Only 43 priests were included (link). More recently, Cardinal Err\u00e1zuriz was not only fired from the Cardinal Council by Pope Francis (C9), but also a Chilean prosecutor\u00a0announced\u00a0that he will require Err\u00e1zuriz to state as accused for covering up abuses in an investigation against the priest Jorge Lapalagne (occurred 10 years ago). Cardinal Ezzati (bishop of Santiago) is in the same situation. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/11\/14\/927377\/Tras-declaracion-de-Barros-Fiscalia-anuncia-citacion-como-imputado-por-encubrimiento-a-Errazuriz.html\">Source 1<\/a>\u00a0; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/10\/08\/923202\/Jorge-Laplagne-El-caso-que-podria-arrastrar-a-Ezzati-Errazuriz-y-Hasbun-por-encubrimiento.html\">Source 2<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Europa Multiclub<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Gay sauna in Rome situated in a building own by the Vatican.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Tarcisio Bertone.<br \/>\n<\/em>&#8211; <u>The Vatican <\/u>owns 20 apartments within the same block that houses Europe\u2019s biggest gay sauna, Europa Multiclub, at via Carducci 2 in Rome. The building hosts the Congregation for the Evangelisation of Peoples and was brought by the Holy See for 20 million euros. See : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/03\/11\/news\/lo_strano_affare_del_palazzo_del_cardinale_che_in_un_giorno_raddoppi_il_suo_prezzo-54291988\/\">Repubblica<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/2013\/03\/12\/vatican-owns-21m-apartments-rome-europe-gay-sauna-europa-multiclub-_n_2859715.html\">Huffington Post<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 \u201cIn a huge building owned by the Vatican, where a Cardinal lives in a 12-room apartment on the first-floor.\u00a0There are 18 other Vatican apartments in the block, many of which house priests. The Holy See had purchased the building for \u20ac23 million. It was previously owned by a company from Busto Arsizio, in North Italy, which bought it for \u20ac9 million and resold it for \u20ac23 million\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-21753860\">BBC<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, according to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/03\/11\/news\/lo_strano_affare_del_palazzo_del_cardinale_che_in_un_giorno_raddoppi_il_suo_prezzo-54291988\/\">La Repubblica<\/a>, was the main supporter of the purchase.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice\u2013Pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Vice-Pope\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ezzati (Ricardo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Archbishop of Santiago (Chile).<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Karadima, Fernando; Err\u00e1ruiz, Francisco Javier; Sexual abuse in the Chilean church.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Italian-born Ricardo Ezzati is currently Chile\u2019s senior churchman. In the 1980s, Ezzati was Provincial Inspector (superior) of the Salesian congregation in Chile. In the 1990s, his mentor Francisco Javier Err\u00e1zuriz, then-secretary of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life, called Ezzati to work with him in Rome. Pope John Paul II appointed Ezzati Bishop of Valdivia (Chile) in 1996 and auxiliary bishop of Err\u00e1zuriz in the diocese of Santiago in 2001. Pope Benedict XVI promoted Ezzati to the Archdiocese of Concepci\u00f3n in 2006 and four years later he succeeded Err\u00e1zuriz in Santiago. He was elevated to cardinal in 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 Ezzati was one of the five bishops who carried out the apostolic visitation of Marcel Maciel\u2019s Legionaries of Christ under Pope Benedict XVI. The Legionaries have a strong presence in Chile.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse. <\/strong>Ezzati has been accused of obstruction of justice in the case of Rimsky Rojas, a Salesian priest and teacher who worked in the south of Chile and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2018\/03\/26\/los-curas-rojos-tambien-van-al-infierno\/\">had close ties to Cardinal Silva Henr\u00edquez<\/a>, the Archbishop of Santiago who led human rights defense during Pinochet\u2019s rule. The case against Ezzati was dismissed, but <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cooperativa.cl\/noticias\/pais\/iglesia-catolica\/denunciante-en-caso-rimsky-rojas-acuso-a-ezzati-de-encubrimiento\/2015-09-16\/065709.html\">the victims insist on his cover-up<\/a>. Rojas was accused of sexual abuse against three students in a Salesian school in the 1980s when Ezzati was superior of the congregation. At that time, a group of parents complained about Rojas\u2019 behavior and the priest was sent out on a mission to Guinea, apparently after the intervention of Ezzati. Back in Chile, Rojas worked in another Salesian school where, again, he was accused of molestation and was involved in the mysterious disappearance of a student, also in an orphanage. Rojas committed suicide in 2011 after a victim presented the first lawsuit against him.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cover-up accusation in the Karadima case.<\/strong> Victims of abuse by the influential priest Fernando Karadima <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cooperativa.cl\/noticias\/pais\/iglesia-catolica\/james-hamilton-declaro-ante-enviado-papal-y-llamo-delincuentes-a\/2018-02-20\/204314.html\">accused Ezzati<\/a> of inaction in complicity with Err\u00e1zuriz.<br \/>\nA <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2015\/09\/09\/los-correos-secretos-entre-ezzati-y-errazuriz-y-el-rol-clave-de-enrique-correa-en-las-operaciones-politicas-de-la-iglesia\/\">leaked e-mail scandal<\/a> exposed how Ezzati and Err\u00e1zuriz developed a plan to prevent Juan Carlos Cruz, one of the Karadima case plaintiffs, from being appointed member of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors created by the Council of Cardinals. In the Christmas of 2011, Ezzati visited Karadima with a box of chocolates, generating a new controversy about his position in sexual abuse cases. The cardinal said he would be always with those who suffer.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality and gender identity.<\/strong> Through the Nuncio Ivo Scapolo, Ezzati <a href=\"http:\/\/diario.latercera.com\/edicionimpresa\/la-preocupacion-del-cardenal\/\">reported to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith three renowned priests<\/a> who questioned the traditional doctrine in areas that are sensitive for the Church. The evidence included interviews where the priests Felipe Berr\u00edos, Jos\u00e9 Aldunate, and Mariano Puga supported gay marriage and the decriminalization of abortion, and also criticized the classism of the Catholic education. \u2022 Ezzati also <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.latercera.com\/noticia\/cardenal-ezzati-hay-temas-en-los-que-no-puede-haber-matices-en-la-iglesia\/\">opposed same-sex civil union<\/a> law in Chile: \u201cLegalizing de facto unions is unacceptable [\u2026]. Even more serious is the legalization of homosexual unions.\u201d\u2022 During the discussion of a gender identity law, Ezzati <a href=\"http:\/\/www.emol.com\/noticias\/Nacional\/2018\/04\/06\/901511\/Ezzati-y-cambio-de-sexo-registral-en-menores-El-tema-fundamental-no-es-simplemente-la-edad-es-algo-mas-profundo.html\">compared transgender people with pets<\/a>: \u201cA cat will not become a dog just because I give it a dog\u2019s name.\u201d He had to apologize later.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Etchegaray (Roger)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 Born in 1922. He served as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace\">President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace<\/a> (1984\u20131998) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pontifical_Council_Cor_Unum\">President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum<\/a> (1984\u20131995). He was elevated to the rank of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cardinal_(Catholicism)\">cardinal<\/a> in 1979.<br \/>\n\u2013 Roger Etchegaray, <em>J\u2019avance comme un \u00e2ne<\/em>, Fayard, 2006\u00a0; <em>J\u2019ai senti battre le c\u0153ur du monde<\/em> (conversations with Bernard Lecomte), Fayard, 2007\u00a0; <em>L\u2019homme \u00e0 quel prix<\/em>, La Martini\u00e8re, 2012.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u2014 F \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Fellini (Federico)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian director.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 On the ecclesiastic fashion show by Fellini, in Fellini Rome, see the excerpt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QMQ4JicUs1A\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Foglie (Gianni Delle)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Gay activist<br \/>\n\u2013 Foglie Gianni Delle Foglie founded the first gay bookshop in Milan. He was extremely interested by gay Catholic writers. He said\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Ci hanno lasciato quasi soli, col Vaticano. Ma forse va bene cosi\u00a0: lasciateci soli, questa \u00e8 una guerra tra froci\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb (interview with Michele Santoro, en 2000\u00a0; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/2007\/06\/24\/quel-matrimonio-di-15-anni-fa-in.html\">La Reppublica<\/a>). Gianni Delle Foglie died in 2007. (Trans. in french\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les gays ont \u00e9t\u00e9 laiss\u00e9s presque seuls face au Vatican. Mais c\u2019est peut-\u00eatre bien ainsi : laissez-nous ensembles\u00a0! La bataille entre les gays et le Vatican est une guerre entre p\u00e9d\u00e9s\u00a0! \u00bb<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Domus Sanctae Marthae\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Foucault (Michel)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French philosopher. <em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Michel Foucault, \u201cDe l\u2019Amiti\u00e9 comme mode de vie\u201d, April 1981, reed. in Michel Foucault, <em>Dits et \u00e9crits<\/em>, tome IV, p. 163-167<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>France<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Cardinal Barbarin ; Tony Anatrella ; Archbishop Michel Aupetit.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Catholicisme in France : Henri Tincq, <em>Les Catholiques<\/em>, Hachette Litt\u00e9ratures, 2008 ; La Grande peur des catholiques de France, Grasset, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Homosexuality in the clergy in France : Christine Clerc, \u201cEglise et homosexualit\u00e9 : le grand secret\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marianne.net\/societe\/eglise-et-homosexualite-le-grand-secret-0\">Marianne<\/a>, Dec 19, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the \u201cMariage pour tous\u201d debate : Sylvain Mouillard et Kim Hullot-Guiot, \u201cManif pour tous, la vraie photo de famille\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/societe\/2013\/09\/13\/manif-pour-tous-la-vraie-photo-de-famille_931667\">Liberation<\/a>, Sept 13, 2013 ; Severin Naudet, \u201cBarbarin contre les barbares\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/societe\/2012\/09\/20\/barbarin-contre-les-barbares_847711\">Liberation<\/a>, Sept 20, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 On \u201cSens Commun\u201d : Olivier Faye et Matthieu Goar, \u201cSens commun, L\u2019encombrant ami des R\u00e9publicains\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/politique\/article\/2017\/10\/14\/sens-commun-l-encombrant-ami-des-republicains_5200848_823448.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Oct 14, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Sexual abuses : Isabelle de Gaulmyn, <em>Histoire d\u2019un silence<\/em>, Seuil, 2016. Marie-Christine Tabet, <em>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 Dieu, c\u2019est prescrit, L\u2019Affaire Barbarin<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 2017 (see also : <em>Journal du dimanche<\/em>, March 12, 2017). Henri Tincq, \u201cP\u00e9dophilie dans l\u2019\u00c9glise : un scandale qui n\u2019en finit pas\u201d, Slate, April 2, 2017. Overall dossier by Medipart about Priest Sexual abuses in France (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediapart.fr\/journal\/france\/dossier\/pedophilie-dans-l-eglise-notre-dossier\">Mediapart<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 For a right-wing point of view, see : Jean S\u00e9villia, La France catholique, Michel Lafon 2015 ; Tempus, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Fille a\u00een\u00e9e de l\u2019Eglise \u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Francis<\/strong><strong> (Pope), Fran\u00e7ois (Pape)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See the entry : Pope Francis<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 G \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Gaillot (Jacques)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Bishop.<br \/>\n\u2013 On his position on homosexuality : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/societe\/mgr-gaillot-le-mariage-homosexuel-n-est-pas-une-menace-pour-la-famille-traditionnelle-30-09-2015-1969592_23.php\">Le Point<\/a> ;<br \/>\n\u2013 \u201cRehabilitation\u201d by Pope Francis (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/religions\/article\/2015\/09\/02\/le-pape-francois-recoit-en-frere-mgr-gaillot_4743700_1653130.html\">Le Monde<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/societe\/le-pape-francois-a-mgr-gaillot-nous-sommes-freres-01-09-2015-1961114_23.php\">Le Point<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Fille a\u00een\u00e9e de l\u2019Eglise\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gamberini (Paolo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 An Italian theologian.<br \/>\n\u2013 A Jesuit, Paolo Gamberini teaches at University of San Francisco. See his academic articles <a href=\"http:\/\/uniroma1.academia.edu\/PaoloGamberiniSJ\">here<\/a>. He played a role in the synod on the family. See his article : \u201cCoppie omosessuali &#8211; Vivere, sentire e pensare da credenti\u201d, Il Regno<br \/>\n&#8211; Attualit\u00e0 60 (2015) 129-136. (First version under the title : \u00abVivere, sentire e pensare da credenti omosessuali\u00bb, in F. Corbisiero (a cura di), Comunit\u00e0 omosessuali, Le scienze sociali sulla popolazione LGBT, Franco Angeli, Milano<br \/>\n2013, 97-114, Il Regno (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.seleccionesdeteologia.net\/selecciones\/llib\/vol54\/216\/216_Gamberini.pdf\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gandhi (Mahatma)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Joseph Ratzinger was fascinated by Gandhi\u2019s choice of celibacy. He invited Gandhi\u2019s grandson to the Vatican. He mentions him often. See, for example, Ratzinger, <em>Introduction to Christianity<\/em>, trans. in French : <em>Chemins vers Jesus<\/em> (see especially the chapter on Gandhi).<br \/>\n\u2013 We know from recent biographies of Gandhi\u2019s possible \u201chomophily\u201d. See : Joseph Lelyveld, <em>Great Soul, Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India<\/em>, especially pp. 79-104. I also found the letters between Gandhi and his friend Kallenbach in South Africa, see my book F. Martel, <em>Global Gay<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013. See also this article in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/01\/books\/gandhi-biography-by-joseph-lelyveld-roils-india.html\">New York Times<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>G\u00e4nswein (Georg)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Personal assistant of Pope Benedict XVI<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Pope Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u00ad\u2013 Prefect of the Papal Household and personal secretary to Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI<br \/>\n\u2013 Even though he has been on the cover of People magazine, Georg G\u00e4nswein is a kind of secret figure. A few elements of his biography can be find in : Bernard Lecomte, <em>Beno\u00eet XVI<\/em>, Perrin, 2002, reed. 2011 ; Andrea Tornielli, <em>Beno\u00eet XVI, La Biographie<\/em>, Citadelle, 2005.<br \/>\n\u2013 About his speech on the two Popes, \u201cun membro attivo e un membro contemplative\u201d, original in : \u201cPresentazione del volume di Roberto Regoli, Oltre La Crisi Della Chiesa\u201d, Il Pontificato di Benedetto XVI, ed. Lindau s.r.l., Torino, 2016 (see p. 8).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the ceremony of the consecration of Georg G\u00e4nswein as archibishop, presided by Pope Benedict XVI, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=KqjmHNAsCvc\">full video<\/a> of the ceremony. I also found the official book of the ceremony, which is 106 pages long. See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.corriere.it\/cronache\/13_gennaio_06\/padre-georg-arcivescovo_9a24ed0a-57db-11e2-9a31-1eca72c52858.shtml\">Corriere<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/formiche.net\/blog\/2013\/01\/04\/georg-gaenswein-papa\/\">Formiche<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/magister.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it\/2012\/12\/07\/don-georg-non-lascia-raddoppia\/\">Espresso<\/a> (Sandro Magister) ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/italy\/corriere-della-sera\/20130107\/282054799377608\">Corriere<\/a>. On the late arrival of the Pope to the Angelus, because of the Georg ceremony, see <a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/benedict-xvi\/it\/angelus\/2013\/documents\/hf_ben-xvi_ang_20130106_epifania.html\">his speech<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Andrea Tornielli, \u201cLe p\u00e8re Georg : l&#8217;homme qui murmurait \u00e0 l&#8217;oreille des pontifes\u201d, <em>Vanity Fair<\/em> (Italy), Nov 2013 ; reed. Vanity Fair, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanityfair.fr\/culture\/articles\/pere-georg-ganswein-secretaire-du-pape\/1804\">France<\/a> ; see also : Caroline Pigozzi, Une gueule d\u2019ange au Vatican, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.parismatch.com\/Actu\/International\/Une-gueule-d-ange-au-Vatican-161596\">Paris Match<\/a>, Feb 20, 2013 ; and Michael Meier, \u201cDer emeritierte Papst Rechtfertigt sich, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesanzeiger.ch\/kultur\/buecher\/der-emeritierte-papst-rechtfertigt-sich\/story\/12431070\">Tages Anzeiger<\/a> (Meier mentions some Vatileaks documents that have circulated in Germany).<br \/>\n\u2022 Selection of photos by the website <a href=\"http:\/\/gawker.com\/5987373\/farewell-to-pope-benedict-and-his-rumored-secret-boyfriend-a-handsome-young-archbishop\">Gawker<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Allegations of bromance : \u201cPope Benedict Gay? Georg Gaenswein Relationship Sparks Rumors in Vatican\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehollywoodgossip.com\/2013\/03\/pope-benedict-gay-georg-gaenswein-relationship-raises-speculatio\/\">Hollywood Gossip<\/a>) ; Father Georg, from the gay gossip to the role of Prefect (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gay.tv\/articolo\/padre-georg-dai-gossip-gay-al-ruolo-di-prefetto-storia-del-prete-bello-foto\/37163\/\">Here<\/a>) ; The Gays are welcomed with respect (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.affaritaliani.it\/cronache\/ganswein-vaticano-gay-071014.html\">here<\/a>) ; Father Georg: \u201cThere is a gay lobby in the Vatican, but it\u2019s not that powerful\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfogliettone.it\/padre-georg-denuncia-lobby-ecclesiastici-gay-esiste-non-forte\/\">here<\/a>). See also : Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn, \u00ab\u00a0Among the Flutterers\u00a0\u00bb, <em>London Review of Books<\/em>, June 1st, 2010 (a key article about Ratzinger and the gay issue) ; Adam Taylor, \u201cLeading Catholic blogger sees more evidence that the Pope is gay\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.fr\/us\/benedict-xvi-to-live-with-georg-ganswein-2013-2\">Business Insider<\/a>, Feb., 27, 2013 ; Andrew Sullivan, Two Popes, One Secretary, see <a href=\"http:\/\/dish.andrewsullivan.com\/2013\/02\/27\/two-popes-one-secretary\/\">here<\/a> ; Francis DeBarnado, \u201cIs the Retired Pope is Gay?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newwaysministry.org\/2013\/03\/05\/is-the-retired-pope-gay\/\">New Ways Ministry<\/a>, March 5, 2013 ; Michael Dickinson, \u201cMeet Gorgeous Georg, the Holy Pontiff\u2019s Live-in Partner\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2013\/01\/11\/meet-gorgeous-georg-the-holy-pontiffs-live-in-partner\/\">Counterpunch<\/a>, Jan 11, 2013 ; \u201cAllemagne: Beno\u00eet XVI out\u00e9 par une ancienne camarade d\u2019universit\u00e9\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/de\/article\/nnme78\/der-papst-schwul-statt-asexuell-0000059-v7n12\">Vice<\/a>, 2011 (see also <a href=\"http:\/\/yagg.com\/2011\/12\/24\/allemagne-benoit-xvi-%C2%ABoute%C2%BB-par-une-ancienne-camarade-duniversite\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e bianco\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Genet (Jean)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French writer.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Biography, I use Edmund White, <em>Jean Genet<\/em>, Gallimard, 1993.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the use of the word \u201cd\u00e9rive\u201d by Genet, see this play \u201cD\u00e9rive\u201d about his works : https:\/\/www.galpon.ch\/galpon_archives\/Derive\/index.html ; see also the book by Marie-Haude Cara\u00ebs and Jean Fernandez, Tanger ou la d\u00e9rive litt\u00e9raire : Essai sur la colonisation litt\u00e9raire d&#8217;un lieu : Barthes, Bowles, Burroughs, Capote, Genet, Morand, Publisud, 2003.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Germany<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Benedict XVI ; Cardinal M\u00fcller ; Eugen Drewermann ; Cardinal Kasper. On David Berger, see the entry: Berger. For Princess Mariae Gloria von Thurn und Taxis, see Thurn und Taxis.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 On German gay literature, I have consulted Axel Schock, <em>Die Bibliothek von Sodom. Das Buch der schwulen B\u00fccher<\/em>, published by Eichborn Verlag Ag, 2000 (in German ; see the part on Thomas Mann).<br \/>\n\u2013 About Bishop Tebartz-van Elst, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wochenblatt.de\/news-stream\/regensburg\/artikel\/78605\/tebartz-van-elst-bekommt-zuspruch-von-kardinal-mueller-besuch-in-regensburg\">this article<\/a> (the article shows not only a photo with Gloria and Tebartz-van Elst, but also tells that Mgr Tebartz had visited Georg Ratzinger in Regensburg before his visit to Rome and then met Cardinal Mueller in Rome and that both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/panorama\/umstrittener-limburger-bischof-papst-sekretaer-gaenswein-verteidigt-tebartz-van-elst-1.1847210\">G\u00e4nswein<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/panorama\/bistum-limburg-erzbischof-mueller-sieht-tebartz-van-elst-als-opfer-einer-medienkampagne-1.1793245\">M\u00fcller<\/a> spoke in favor of Tebartz-van Elst when he was criticized because of his expenses for his new bishop\u2019s palace. G\u00e4nswein supported Tebartz-van Elst after his removal as bishop\u00a0: see article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article150315071\/Gaenswein-nimmt-Tebartz-van-Elst-in-Schutz.html\">here<\/a>). However, in between when figures from a research commission were made public, G\u00e4nswein was also critical about the expenses made by Tebartz (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/inland\/gaenswein-tebartz-van-elst-geht-das-noch-12861359.html\">here<\/a>). Cardinal Meisner also defended Tebartz (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/der-fall-tebartz-van-elst-limburger-bischof-fliegt-kommende-woche-nach-rom-12615036.html).\">here<\/a>). After his removal from Limburg, Tebartz took residence in Regensburg (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article128954137\/Warum-es-Tebartz-van-Elst-nach-Regensburg-zieht.html\">here<\/a>) where he has a solid network of friends. He was invited by the current bishop, Rudolf Voderholzer. It also says that the chair of the Bavarian comittee of lay Catholics, Albert Schmid, was a close friend of Tebartz and former mayor of Regensburg.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Michael Brinkschr\u00f6der, a gay theologist and religion teacher (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/erster-englischer-bischof-outet-sich-als-schwul-14418506.html#GEPC;s30\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mittelbayerische.de\/dialogtest-2012\/startseitenmeldungen-2012\/homosexuell-und-katholisch-21680-art1063540.html\">here<\/a>)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Giani (Domenico)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Head of the Vatican Gendarmeria<br \/>\n\u2013 See Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (on suspicion about D. Giani, see p. 300-302).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice Pape\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Vice-Pope\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gide (Andr\u00e9)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer, Nobel prize.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the life of Gide, I use mainly the biography by George D. Painter, <em>Gide<\/em>, Mercure de France, 1968. It\u2019s an old one, outmoded, but my favorite. For a more modern approach, see Pierre Lepape, <em>Andr\u00e9 Gide, le messager<\/em>, Paris, Seuil, 1997.<br \/>\n\u2013 Andr\u00e9 Gide himself wrote several books about his life\u00a0: among them, his masterpiece, <em>Si le Grain ne meurt<\/em>, Gallimard, 1955 and his <em>Journal<\/em>, Gallimard, vol. I 1887-1925, 1748 p. ; vol. II 1926-1950, 1649 p. See also\u00a0: <em>Ainsi soit-il ou Les Jeux sont faits<\/em>, Gallimard, 1952, reed. 2001.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel (and especially in the chapter Le Code Maritain \/ The Maritain Code).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gingrich (Callista)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US Ambassador to the Vatican<br \/>\n\u2013 Jason Horowitz, \u201cTrump to Nominate Callista Gingrich as Vatican Ambassador\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/05\/14\/world\/europe\/callista-gingrich-vatican-ambassador-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, May 15, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Theory of Gender\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Glodz (Slawoj Leszek)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Archbishop from Poland (Gdansk)<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Poland ; Cardinal Dziwisz.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 The archbishop has been well-known for having a problem with alcoholism: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wprost.pl\/392238\/Powazne-zarzuty-wobec-abp-Glodzia-Pil-wyzywal-ponizal\">main article here<\/a> (in Polish). Summary : On October 2013, the weekly magazine \u00ab\u00a0Wprost\u00a0\u00bb quoted the chaplain&#8217;s story. \u00abThe Archbishop woke him up at night, drunk, and ordered him to play the accordion for the dance.\u00bb During the drunken feasts, he sent him to the city looking for a special kind of sausage, ordered alcohol to be poured, shouting: \u00abWhat are you fucking doing?! You even can\u2019t pour vodka!\u201d \u00abIn the morning on a hangover he called on him, demanding\u00a0 \u201cactimel\u201d (yogurt) and shouting: \u00abBe my actimelek [small actimel]! \u00ab\u00a0Wprost\u00a0\u00bb wrote also: \u201cWe have a feudal system here. There is a Boss and there are subordinates. And everything would be good, because we vow obedience to the Archbishop. But if this archbishop does not behave like a Catholic priest, but as a cruel ruler, then we must talk about it &#8230;\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 In February 2017, G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a\u2019s deputy bishop, Wies\u0142aw Szlachetka celebrated a mass in Gda\u0144sk at which the state energy company Energa entrusted the company and employees of Divine Providence and the Mother of the Holy Sacrifice. The company revealed the cost of the mass to be more than 12 thousand zlotys with gifts for the church. Energa posters and flags stand at the altar like a figure of the Virgin Mary but they are much bigger than the Virgin (sources\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wprost.pl\/392238\/Powazne-zarzuty-wobec-abp-Glodzia-Pil-wyzywal-ponizal\">article here<\/a>, in Polish).<br \/>\n\u2013 In September 2018, Archbishop G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a handed Jacek Kurski, the chairman of public television, a special expensive ring. He said to Kurski: \u00abIn general, this television has changed its face. Let it continue to happen.\u00bb (sources\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wprost.pl\/392238\/Powazne-zarzuty-wobec-abp-Glodzia-Pil-wyzywal-ponizal\">article here<\/a>, in Polish).<br \/>\n\u2013 G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a for years communicated information about John Paul II and his policy towards eastern churches to the civil service of the PRL (Communist Poland) &#8211; according to IPN documents (revealed in June 2018). After the fall of communism, the city of Gdansk has never said anything about his past.<br \/>\nG\u0142\u00f3d\u017a was employed in the Vatican Congregation for Eastern Churches in 1981 as the head of the section of the Byzantine-Ukrainian Church and the section of the Church in Belarus, the Byzantine-Ruthenian Rite. He knew everything about the congregation and had frequent access to Pope John Paul II. (sources\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/wiadomosci.wp.pl\/falszywy-przyjaciel-sb-uwazala-abp-leszka-slawoja-glodzia-za-informatora-6300205019310209a\">article here<\/a>, in Polish).<br \/>\n\u2013 Other facts about G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a: They even carry his robes! The Metropolitan Archbishop of Gdansk, S\u0142awoj Leszek G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a, surrounded himself with a court of people serving him. And he lived like a nobleman \u2013 in an episcopal residence with a herd of fallow deer riding around the garden, having a limousine and a generous retirement at his disposal (<a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C5%82awoj_Leszek_G%C5%82%C3%B3d%C5%BA\">source 1<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fakt.pl\/wydarzenia\/polityka\/tak-zyje-arcybiskup-slawoj-leszek-glodz\/svvmzcw\">source 2<\/a>) ; 20 years of silence about G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a\u2019s alcoholic excesses. \u00abIt does not matter to the average Pole that a bishop is a drunkard\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/natemat.pl\/54775,20-lat-milczenia-o-ekscesach-alkoholowych-abp-glodzia-dla-przecietnego-polaka-nie-ma-znaczenia-ze-biskup-to-pijak\">source<\/a>) ; Polish special services treated the archbishop as its informant when he worked in the Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tvp.info\/37558717\/wywiad-traktowal-jako-swego-informatora-abp-glodzia-gdy-ten-pracowal-w-watykanie\">Source<\/a>) ; Archbishop G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a to the photographer: \u201cFuck off!\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.pl\/polska\/ludzie\/arcybiskup-glodz-do-fotografa-spierdalaj-,artykuly,404430,1.html\">Source<\/a>) ; Archbishop G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a on the street and abroad. \u00abSad\u00bb, \u00abterrifying\u00bb, \u00abthe archbishop speaks the language of PiS\u00bb (<a href=\"http:\/\/trojmiasto.wyborcza.pl\/trojmiasto\/7,35612,22827875,abp-glodz-o-ulicy-i-zagranicy-smutne-przerazajace-arcybiskup.html\">source<\/a>) ; Pope Francis shook the Church, uttering extremely critical words about the priests living above the state. Polish public opinion very quickly agreed with the head of the Church, referring to the case of Archbishop G\u0142\u00f3d\u017a (<a href=\"https:\/\/pikio.pl\/papiez-franciszek-miazdzy\/\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Green<\/strong> (<strong>Julien<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 I read with great interest several volumes of the <em>Journal<\/em> by Julien Green, his terrific autobiography <em>Jeunes Ann\u00e9es, Autobiographie<\/em>, Plon, 2011, and also a few novels and plays, among them <em>Sud<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Green\u2019s life, see the two books by his \u00ab\u00a0compagnon\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: Robert de Saint-Jean, <em>Julien Green par lui-m\u00eame<\/em>, Seuil, 1967\u00a0and, by de Saint-Jean (with Luc Estang), <em>Julien Green<\/em>, Seuil, 1990.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: Nicolas Fayet, <em>Julien Green \u00ab\u00a0J\u2019ai aim\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, Bartillat, 2003 (a biography)\u00a0;\u00a0and Angelo Rinaldi, \u00ab\u00a0Julien Green\u00a0\u00bb, L\u2019Express, April 29, 1983.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Green\/Maritain see : Julien Green, Jacques Maritain, <em>Une Grande amiti\u00e9. Correspondance, 1926-1972<\/em>, Id\u00e9es\/Gallimard, 1982 and Yves Floucat, <em>Julien Green et Jacques Maritain, L\u2019amour du vrai et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du Coeur<\/em>, Pierre T\u00e9qui ed., 1997.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Gro\u00ebr (Hans Hermann)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal in Vienna, Austria.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Austria ; Christoph Sch\u00f6nborn<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Beginning 1995, Cardinal Gro\u00ebr was accused of multiple sexual abuses. In an interview with Austrian Catholic news agency Kauthpress, Cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn of Vienna said in 2010 that Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger had attempted to convince Pope John Paul II to initiate the investigation against Gro\u00ebr but that Cardinal Angelo Sodano had blocked his attempt to investigate Gro\u00ebr\u2019s activities (multiple press clippings from The Independent, Famille Chr\u00e9tienne, Catholic Herald, The Guardian, etc.). An investigation by Hubertus Czernin led to the claim in Czernin\u2019s book, <em>Das Buch Groer<\/em>, that Gro\u00ebr had abused more than 2,000 young men. Gro\u00ebr died in 2003. Source : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.ie\/world-news\/europe\/vatican-tries-to-shift-blame-for-abuse-on-to-john-paul-26646654.html\">Independent<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.famillechretienne.fr\/eglise\/vie-de-l-eglise\/le-cardinal-schoenborn-accuse-le-cardinal-sodano-d-avoir-minimise-les-affaires-de-pedophilie-17479\">Famille Chr\u00e9tienne<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicherald.co.uk\/commentandblogs\/2010\/06\/28\/benedict-calls-in-schoenborn-and-sodano\/\">Catholic Herald<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/belief\/2010\/jul\/05\/religion-catholicism-schoenborn-sodano-papacy\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/vaticancityandholysee\/7703232\/Vatican-cardinal-attacks-fellow-cardinal-for-covering-up-abuse-case.html\">Telegraph<\/a>. See also : Jason Berry, \u201cFrancis Must Fix-Up Cover-Up culture that John-Paul II enabled\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/francis-must-fix-cover-culture-john-paul-ii-enabled\">NCROnline.org<\/a>, Feb 21, 2019.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the book about all the Gro\u00ebr\u2019s Story : Hubertus Czernin, <em>Das Buch Groer\u00a0: Eine Kirchencrhokik<\/em>, Dokumentation, 1998.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00a0\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Guitton<\/strong><strong> (Jean)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 I mainly use the autobiography, Jean Guitton, <em>Un Si\u00e8cle, une vie<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1988, and Jean Guitton, <em>Une recherche de Dieu. Entretiens avec Francesca Pini<\/em>, Ed. du Felin, 1996. See also, Jean-Jacques Antier, <em>La Vie de Jean Guitton, 1901-1999<\/em>, Perrin, 1999. For another point of view, see : Yves Congar, <em>Mon journal du concile, I<\/em>, Cerf, 2002.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Jean Guitton\u2019s marriage : Guitton married Marie-Louise Bonnet (1901-1974) after the Second World War. In his autobiography, he writes a chapter on his wife, who he met in 1940, when he was a professor at the University of Montpellier\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0J\u2019avais cherch\u00e9 un ange pour tenir la maison, veiller sur les poussi\u00e8res. L\u2019ange se pr\u00e9senta sous la forme de Marie-Louise, qui \u00e9tait professeur d\u2019histoire de l\u2019art et de science m\u00e9nag\u00e8re au lyc\u00e9e de Montpellier \u00bb (<em>Un si\u00e8cle, une vie<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1988, see pp. 420-421 and 422-429).<br \/>\n\u2013 For the reference of Jean Guitton about \u201ccamaraderie\u201d, see Jean Guitton, Le Christ de ma vie, Dialogue avec Joseph Dor\u00e9, Descl\u00e9e, 1987, pp. 132-133.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Jean Guitton and Paul VI, I use mainly their interesting dialogue, <em>Dialogue avec Paul VI<\/em>, Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Guibert publisher, 2001, 2nd ed. (See the introduction p. 5, and <em>Paul VI Bienheureux<\/em>, by Luigi Villa, who comments on the allusion of homosexuality). See : Paul VI Secret, Descl\u00e9e du Nouvier\u00a0and Journal de ma vie, Tome 1 &amp; 2. See also this article by Philippe Chenaux, \u201cJean Guitton et le concile Vatican II\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/afhrc.hypotheses.org\/2096\">source<\/a>) : Chenaux is a professor at University of Latran, he analyses the complex relationship between Guitton and Paul VI, but it is easy \u201cde lire entre les lignes\u201d.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Jean Guitton and his life, the long inaugural text by Florence Delay on Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise is interesting (with some allusions to his sexuality and misogyny)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Urbi-et-Orbi\/Archives\/Documentation-catholique-n-2261\/Jean-Guitton-et-le-mystere-chretien-2013-04-10-938831\">Jean Guitton et le myst\u00e8re chr\u00e9tien\u00a0<\/a>\u00bb.<br \/>\n\u2013 Jean Guitton, born in August 18, 1901, was married to Marie-Louise Bonnet on Sept 3, 1948 in Nice\u00a0; she was born on March 22, 1901 and died on Jan 18, 1974.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Jean Guitton, I also used two other books\u00a0: Anne Creuchet, Monsieur Chr\u00e9tien, souvenirs de Jean Guitton, Bayard, 2009 (Creuchet was Guitton\u2019s assistant for more than 20 years)\u00a0; and a novel by V\u00e9ronique de Bure, <em>Une Confession<\/em>, \u00e9ditions Stock, 2009 (de Bure was also close to Guitton).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019Amiti\u00e9\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Loving Friendship\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 H \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Herranz (Julian)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Spanish Cardinal<br \/>\n\u2013 Confusion of homosexuality and sexual abuse : speech by Julian Herranz on April 29, 2002 at Catholic University in Milan : \u201cPedophilia is a concrete form of homosexuality\u201d.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vatileaks\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Heterosexual cases<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 <strong>Andrea Contin<\/strong> : Former priest from San Lazzaro di Padova.<br \/>\nHe was the protagonist of a scandal involving orgies in the rectory with different women. He has been investigated for violence and for facilitating prostitution. (See Il Fatto Quotidiano ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgazzettino.it\/nordest\/padova\/orge_in_canonica_altri_due_preti_coinvolti_sesso_don_contin_don_cavazzana_marito_geloso-2219307.html,\">Il Gazzettino<\/a>. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Vicenza<\/strong>, a priest was filmed while having sex with a woman, Maria Narcisa Enache, and was later blackmailed by Radouane El Mohamadi. The priest, a 50-year-old man, was asked to pay 15,000 euros and decided to report everything to the authorities. The couple has been sentenced to 3.5 years in jail. (See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberoquotidiano.it\/news\/sfoglio\/12331555\/prete-sesso-marocchino-video-ricattato.html,\">Libero Quotidiano<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/corrieredelveneto.corriere.it\/veneto\/notizie\/cronaca\/2017\/14-marzo-2017\/ricatto-luci-rosse-prete-tre-anni-coppia-estorsori-2401371376508.shtml,\">Corriere del Veneto<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sante Sguotti<\/strong> : Former priest from Monterosso. He had a child with his partner and wrote a book about pedophilic priests: \u201c<em>Prete pedofilo si diventa. Pedofilia e celibato nella Chiesa di papa Francesco<\/em>\u201d, published by La Zisa in 2015 (See : <a href=\"http:\/\/mattinopadova.gelocal.it\/regione\/2010\/09\/17\/news\/il-figlio-di-don-sante-sguotti-non-frequenta-l-ora-di-religione-1.1202716\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibs.it\/prete-pedofilo-si-diventa-pedofilia-libro-sante-sguotti\/e\/9788899113148\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Giulio Antoniol : <\/strong>Former priest from Feltre. He married his girlfriend Alba in 2013 (<a href=\"http:\/\/corrieredelveneto.corriere.it\/veneto\/notizie\/cronaca\/2013\/6-settembre-2013\/don-giulio-mi-sposo-volere-ratzinger-2222938153643.shtml\">Corriere del Veneto<\/a>). <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Paolo Spoladore<\/strong> : A former priest. He had a baby with a woman and, in 2015, was forced to leave the priesthood (<a href=\"http:\/\/mattinopadova.gelocal.it\/padova\/cronaca\/2015\/11\/12\/news\/il-vaticano-espelle-donpa-spoladore-non-e-piu-prete-1.12433407.\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>HIV<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: AIDS<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Homophile, Homophilia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Amour d\u2019Amiti\u00e9.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 The expression was in regular use in the 1950s : the first US gay association, The Mattachine Society, adopted the word \u201chomophile\u201d in 1950 (See David Carter, <em>Stonewall<\/em>, Saint Martin&#8217;s Griffin, 2011, p. 18). The French association Arcadie, founded by Andr\u00e9 Baudry, did the same in the same years.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (french version) and \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Homosexuality, History of Homosexuality &amp; the Bible<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Sodom<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Main references<\/strong> : John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980\u00a0; Mark D. Jordan, <em>The Silence of Sodom\u00a0<\/em>: <em>Homosexuality in Modern Catholicism<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2002. See also\u00a0: Michael Joseph Gross, \u201cThe Vatican\u2019s Secret Life\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/culture\/2013\/12\/gay-clergy-catholic-church-vatican\">Vanity Fair<\/a>, Nov. 15, 2013. I also use a few other articles, among them : Alex Ross, \u201cLove on the march\u201d, The New Yorker, Nov. 12, 2012.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Homosexuality in the Bible<\/strong><strong> : official texts<\/strong> : Genesis 19 ; Leviticus 18.22 and 20.13. See also in this dictionary for other occurrences: Sodom. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>In The New Testament<\/strong> : Epistle to the Romans\/Epitre aux Romains 9.29\u00a0; on Paul and homosexuality, see John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 106-109. See also The Second Epistle to the Corinthians and the famous sentence about \u201cune \u00e9charde dans la chair\u201d (12,7). See also l\u2019\u00c9vangile selon Saint Luc (7, 1-10).<br \/>\n\u2013 For the mentions of homosexuality in the Bible, or its interpretation, I mainly use the indispensible book by Thomas R\u00f6mer and Loyse Bonjour, <em>L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans le Proche-Orient ancien et la Bible<\/em>, Labor and Fides, Gen\u00e8ve, 2016 (for Leviticus, see chapter II, pp. 39-54 ; for Genesis 19, see chapter II, pp. 54-64 ; for David and Jonathan\u2019s love, see chapter III, pp. 65-84 ; for the New Testament, see chapter IV, pp. 113-121 ; see also the conclusion and the bibliography). I also use the classic book by John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Pasquale Quaranta, <em>Omosessualit\u00e0 e vangelo. Franco Barbero risponde<\/em>, Gabrielli Editori, 2008 ; Maurice Lever, <em>Les b\u00fbchers de Sodome. Histoire des \u201cinf\u00e2mes\u201d<\/em>, Fayard, 1985 ; Thomas R\u00f6mer, <em>Dieu obscure, Cruaut\u00e9, sexe et violence dans l\u2019Ancien Testament<\/em>, Labor &amp; Fides, Gen\u00e8ve, 2009 (see chapter IV, especially pp. 100-107).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality and the Vatican<\/strong> : The main official texts about homosexuality are :<br \/>\n\u2022 <em>Humanae Vitae<\/em> (encyclical, July 1968) : subtitled \u00ab\u00a0On the Regulation of Birth\u00a0\u00bb, this encyclical reaffirms the position of the Catholic Church on contraception, marriage and the sanctity of life. The celibacy of priests is also reaffirmed.<br \/>\n\u2022 <em>Persona Humana<\/em> (edicted on Dec 29, 1975 ; made public on Jan 15, 1976), a \u201cdeclaration\u201d on homosexuality, masturbation, and chastity, published by the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith under Pope Paul VI : see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/documents\/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19751229_persona-humana_fr.html\">here<\/a> (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei, Declaratio de quibusdam quaestionibus ad sexualem ethicam spectantibus, Dec. 29, 1975 : AAS 68 (1976) 77-96 ; texte officiel fran\u00e7ais dans DocCath 73 (1976), pp. 108-114.)<br \/>\n\u2022 <em>Catechism<\/em> : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/archive\/FRA0013\/_P81.HTM\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 Official letter to Bishops : Oct 30, 1986<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0Official letter : \u201cObservations au sujet des propositions de loi sur la non-discrimination des personnes homosexuelles\u201d (1992) : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/documents\/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19920724_homosexual-persons_fr.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cConsid\u00e9rations \u00e0 propos des projets de reconnaissance juridique des unions entre personnes homosexuelles\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/cfaith\/documents\/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20030731_homosexual-unions_fr.html\">voir le texte ici<\/a> (2003)<br \/>\n\u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.clerus.va\/content\/dam\/clerus\/Ratio%20Fundamentalis\/The%20Gift%20of%20the%20Priestly%20Vocation.pdf\">\u201cThe gift of the priestly vocation\u201d<\/a> is the most recent review of Church regulations, which reaffirms the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/acts-of-faith\/wp\/2016\/12\/07\/the-vatican-reaffirms-its-position-suggesting-gay-men-should-not-be-priests\/?utm_term=.46d36ffad62f\">Vatican\u2019s stance on excluding, as much as possible, homosexual<\/a> individuals from taking up the priesthood.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Gerard Loughlin, ed., Queer Theology, Rethinking the Western Body, Blackwell, 2007 (see especially the chapters on Thomas Aquinas and Hans Urs von Balthasar) ; Xavier Thevenot, Homosexualit\u00e9s masculines et morale chr\u00e9tienne, Cerf, 1985 ; Valter Danna\/Ufficio per la pastorale, <em>Fede e Omosessualita, Assistenza pastorale e accompagnamento spirituale<\/em> ; Il Posto Dell\u2019Altro, <em>Le persone omosessuali nelle chiese cristiane<\/em>, ed. La Meridiana ; Domenico Pezzini, <em>Alle Porte di Sion<\/em> ; Andr\u00e9 Vermont, \u201cHomosexualit\u00e9 : le Saint-Si\u00e8ge rectifie le tir\u201d, <em>Lib\u00e9ration<\/em>, Nov 1986 ; Philippe Delaroche, \u201cRome precise sa doctrine sur l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9\u201d, <em>Le Figaro<\/em>, Nov 1, 1986 ; Claire Lesegretain, \u201cRome recuse le mariage homosexuel\u201d, <em>La Croix<\/em>, August 1, 2003 ; Isabelle de Gaulmyn, \u201cRome interdit l\u2019ordination des pr\u00eatres homosexuels\u201d, <em>Le Croix<\/em>, Nov 24, 2005 ;<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality<\/strong><strong> in the church today : <\/strong>Carmelo Abbate, \u201cLe Notti brave dei preti gay\u201d, Panorama, 29 July 2010 (cover article) ; Sandro Magister, \u201cLa Lobby Gay\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1350561.html\">L\u2019Espresso<\/a>, July 25, 2013 (cover article, mainly on Mgr Ricca) ; Michael Joseph Gross, \u201cThe Vatican\u2019s Secret Life\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/culture\/2013\/12\/gay-clergy-catholic-church-vatican\">Vanity Fair<\/a>, Nov. 15, 2013 ; Father Wagner, Gay Catholics Priests, San Francisco, 1981 (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1981\/02\/27\/us\/outspoken-homosexual-priest-warned.html\">here<\/a>) ; J.G. Wolf, Gay Priests, 1989 ; J. Potel, Ils se sont maries\u2026 et apr\u00e8s, L\u2019Harmattan, 1986 ; Robert Aldrich, <em>Gay Life and Culture, A World History<\/em>, Universe, 2006 (some chapters of the book) ; Ferruccio F. Castellano, ed., \u201cFede Cristiana e omosessualita, Quaderni di Agape, 15 Giugno 1980, n\u00b06. See also Andrew Sullivan, \u201cGay Priests and the lives they no longer want to hide\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/01\/gay-priests-catholic-church.html\">New York Magazine<\/a>, Jan 21, 2019. In the context of Brazil, see the film Amares Santos by the journalist Dener Giovanini.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the links between homosexual vocation and catholic vocation<\/strong>, see\u00a0: Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn, \u00ab\u00a0Among the Flutterers\u00a0\u00bb, <em>London Review of Books<\/em>, June 1st, 2010 (a key article about Ratzinger and the gay issue). See also : A brief history of Catholic homosexual groups in Italy from 1980 to 2003 by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.p40.it\/in-principio-fu-agape\">Pasquale Quaranta<\/a> ; Homosexuality, the Church, and religion : Pasquale Quaranta interviews the writer <a href=\"http:\/\/www.p40.it\/perche-non-possiamo-non-dirci\">Tommaso Giartosio<\/a> ; See also : Il porto dell\u2019 altro, Le persone omosessuali nelle chiese cristiane, La Meridiane, 2000 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Gay-Life-Culture-World-History\/dp\/0789315114\">here<\/a>). See also : Elizabeth Stuart, <em>Chosen, Gay Catholic Priests Tell Their Stories<\/em>, Geoffrey Chapman, 1993.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Father James Martin : <\/strong>Martin is a consultant for the Secretariat for Communications of the Holy See ; he is known to be close to father Antonio Spadaro, the Pope Francis\u2019 Jesuit unofficial adviser. On his appointment, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medias-presse.info\/vatican-gay-friendly-le-pere-martin-militant-lgtb-nomme-par-le-pape-comme-consultant-aupres-du-secretariat-pour-la-communication\/72674\/\">Medias Presse Info<\/a>. The gay friendly priest <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/mondo\/consulente-vaticano-alcuni-santi-erano-gay-1395553.html\">believes<\/a> that many saints were probably homosexuals. \u2013 A collection of \u201cstudies\u201d and negative opinions about homosexuality from doctors, psychologists and psychiatrists from all around the World (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cristianicattolici.net\/omosessualita--pareri-medici-psicologi.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On New Ways Ministries<\/strong> : Howell Williams, \u201cHomosexuality and the American Catholic Church : <em>Reconfiguring the Silence, 1971-1999<\/em>, Florida State University, Theses.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Hoover (J. Edgar)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Former Director of the FBI<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 On J. Edgar Hoover, I use mainly : Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover : The Man and the secrets, Norton, 2011 and Kenneth Whyte, Hoover, An Extraordinary life in extraordinary times, Knopf, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is mainly used as background information in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel.<em><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>\u2014 I \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><em><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/em><strong>Ideology of the church<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Limits, problems, control, oppression.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the ideology of the church, I have used two important books which do not directly address the questions of the Church but helped me to think about the internal system of oppression, control of people, lies to the press, and the absence of freedom of expression which can be understood from the history of communist ideology : Albert Camus, <em>L\u2019homme r\u00e9volt\u00e9<\/em>, Gallimard, 1951 ; Fran\u00e7ois Furet, <em>Le Pass\u00e9 d\u2019une illusion<\/em>, Robert Laffont\/Calmann L\u00e9vy, 1995. I also read during my research Andr\u00e9 Gide, <em>Retour de l\u2019URSS<\/em>, Gallimard, 1936 ; Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, <em>L\u2019Archipel du Goulag<\/em>, Seuil, 1974-1976 ; Claude Lefort, <em>Un homme en trop, R\u00e9flexions sur L\u2019Archipel du Goulag<\/em>, Seuil, 1976.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is mainly used as background information in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Immigration<\/strong><strong> &amp; Migrants<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On migrants travelling along the Balkans road or the Mediterranean road, I use a few statistics from <a href=\"http:\/\/frontex.europa.eu\/\">Frontex<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On migrants and migrations, I use\u00a0a few statistics from : Declan Walsh, \u00ab\u00a0Teenagers from Egypt swell exodus to Europe\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/24\/world\/middleeast\/facebook-envy-and-italian-law-lure-egyptian-teenagers-to-europe.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, June 23, 2016 ; Heba Saleh, \u00ab\u00a0Death or Italy, say desperate Egyptian migrants\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/34488a8c-8bc1-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1\">Financial Times<\/a>, October 8, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is mainly used as background information in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Intellectuals, Intellectual life (the Church and)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A critical view on the separation of the Church and intellectuals : see Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond, <em>Le Christianisme en accusation, entretiens avec Marc Leboucher<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2000 and Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond, <em>Le Nouvel Anti-christianisme<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e de Brouwer, 2005. Jean Delumeau, <em>L\u2019Avenir de Dieu<\/em>, CNRS Editions, 2015. For a critical reading of the relations between the Church and intellectuals since Vatican II, see also : Fran\u00e7ois B\u0153spflug, <em>Pourquoi j\u2019ai quitt\u00e9 l\u2019Ordre\u2026 et comment il m\u2019a quitt\u00e9<\/em>, ed. J. C. B\u00e9har, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is mainly used as background information in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Internet (websites, apps, social networks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On Venerabilis : the website, created in 2007, is not available anymore. We found it on the Dark Web where it has been possible to reread numerous archives, chats etc. See : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/societe\/venerabilis-site-internet-pretres-homosexuels\/story\/19213573\">TDG<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesanzeiger.ch\/leben\/gesellschaft\/Kontaktanzeiger-fuer-Internauten-im-Zoelibat\/story\/11201888\">TagesAnzeiger<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Deep \/ Dark Web : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesnumeriques.com\/vie-du-net\/dans-coulisses-dark-web-a3893.html\">Les num\u00e9riques<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Grindr : on the blackmail and violence on Grindr, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.konbini.com\/fr\/tendances-2\/crimes-grindr-tinder-angleterre\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is developed in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les S\u00e9minaristes \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Seminarians \u00bb (english version).<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Introvigne (Massimo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian sociologist<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Paul Ari\u00e8s, <em>La Face cach\u00e9e du Pape Fran\u00e7ois<\/em>, publisher: Max Milo, 2016 (see \u201cMassimo Introvigne, le protecteur de l\u2019Eglise\u201d, pp. 97-104).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0This subject is mainly used as background information in the book Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican by F. Martel.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ireland &amp; Sexual abuse scandals<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: John Paul I.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Cardinal Keith O\u2019Brien see : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Ferns Report see : Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn, \u201cAt St Peter\u2019s\u201d, London Review of Books, Dec 1, 2005. https:\/\/www.lrb.co.uk\/v27\/n23\/colm-toibin\/at-st-peters<br \/>\n\u2013 On the figure of the personal assistant of Pope John Paul I, Mgr John Magee, who was critized for gays\u2019 bad conduct and who was later harshly critized in numerous sexual abuse cases see : Henry McDonald, \u201cIrish report on child sex abuse berates Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jul\/13\/irish-report-child-sex-abuse-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a>, July 13, 2011 (see also : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/mar\/24\/irish-catholic-bishop-resignation-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a>). For the official report of the Cloyne Diocese Report by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church in Ireland, which mentions John Magee\u2019s homosexual desires on \u00a7 26.4, p. 320 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.ie\/en\/JELR\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\/Files\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 For background, read : Siobhan O\u2019Grady, \u201cThe last time a Pope visited Ireland, homosexuality was a crime. Now the Irish prime minister is gay\u00a0\u00bb, The Washington Post, August 25, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00a0 \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Italian Episcopal Conference<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : CEI.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Italy<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See other entries : CEI ; Boffo ; Cardinal Bagnasco ; Cardinal Ruini, etc. For Pasolini, see: Pasolini ; for Dante, see: Dante.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>LGBT History<\/strong> : On the long history of homosexuality of Italian bishops see, for the pontificate of Pope Pius XI : David Kertzer, <em>The Pope and Mussolini : The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe<\/em>, Random House, 2015 (Kertzer discovered Mussolini\u2019s secret police files about the homosexuality of the entourage of Pope Pius XI) ; Andrea Pini, <em>Quando eravamo froci, Gli omosessuali nell\u2019Italia di une volta<\/em>, Prefazione di Natalia Aspesi, Saggiatore, 2011 ; Andrea Pini, <em>Omocidi, Gli Omosessuali Uccisi in Italia<\/em>, Stampa Alternativa, 2002.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On homosexuality<\/strong> : Ferruccio F. Castellano, ed., <em>Fede Cristiana e omosessualita<\/em>, Quaderni di Agape, 15 Giugno 1980, n\u00b06.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Italian Literature and the gay issue<\/strong>, see Francesco Gnerre, <em>La biblioteca ritrovata. Percorsi di lettura gay nel mondo contemporaneo<\/em>, Rogas, 2015 (this book is a compilation of Gnerre\u2019s reviews about gay literature from several LGBT publications)\u00a0; see also by the same author\u00a0: <em>L\u2019eroe negato. Omosessualit\u00e0 e letteratura nel Novecento italiano<\/em>, Dalai Editore, Baldini &amp; Castoldi, 2000. See also : Pier Vittorio Tondelli, <em>Camera Separate<\/em> ; Carlo Coccioli, <em>Fabrizio Lupo<\/em>, 1952.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Civil Union debates in 2007 and 2016<\/strong> : see Monica Cirrina, <em>L\u2019Italia Che Non C\u2019Era, Unioni civili : la dura battaglia per una legger storica<\/em>, Fandango Libri, 2017 ; Gaia Pianigiani, \u201cUnable to Marry Gay Couples, Some Italian Mayors Rebel\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/10\/24\/world\/europe\/unable-to-marry-gay-couples-some-italian-mayors-rebel.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Oct. 23, 2014 ; Eric Jozsef, \u201cItalie : Guerre de religions autour du DICO\u201d, Lib\u00e9ration, April 5, 2007 ; Jean-Jacques Bozonnet, \u201cL\u2019\u00c9minence anti-pacs de Beno\u00eet XVI\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2007\/03\/31\/l-eminence-anti-pacs-de-benoit-xvi_890178_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, April, 1, 2007 ; Richard Heuz\u00e9 &amp; Herv\u00e9 Yannou, \u201cPol\u00e9mique autour du pacs italien\u201d, Le Figaro, Sept 16, 2005 ; Jim Yardley, \u201cA European holdout on gay marriage\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/01\/25\/world\/europe\/italy-divided-over-effort-to-legalize-civil-unions-for-gays.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Jan 25, 2016 ; Philippe Ridet, \u201cLe Pacs \u00e0 l\u2019italienne menace par les petits calculs \u00e9lectoraux\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/02\/22\/le-pacs-a-l-italienne-menace-par-les-petits-calculs-electoraux_4869296_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Feb 23, 2016 ; Gaia Pianigiani, \u201cItalian law recognizes civil unions, but not right to adopt\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/02\/26\/world\/europe\/italian-senate-approves-civil-unions-for-gay-couples-but-not-adoptions.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2016 ; Philippe Ridet, \u201cMonica Cirinna, \u00e9g\u00e9rie des homosexuels italiens\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2016\/01\/30\/monica-cirinna-le-visage-du-pacs-a-l-italienne_4856406_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Feb 1, 2016. I also use some information from my own article, F. Martel, \u201cEn Italie, le Renzi Express commence \u00e0 conna\u00eetre des rates\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/94691\/matteo-renzi-rates-italie\">Slate<\/a>, Nov. 16, 2014<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Catholic Church Sex Scandals in Italy<\/strong> : Among many cases, see the following information: <strong>Don Giuseppe Savino<\/strong> from the Istituto Salesiano Don Bosco was accused by many young students of being a pedophile. Here\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/1619814411601115\/photos\/pb.1619814411601115.-2207520000.1461323229.\/1654918024757420\/?type=3\">letter<\/a> from one of them, and here\u2019s another <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vivavoceweb.com\/2015\/04\/07\/inizi-anni-60-collegio-dei-salesiani-in-un-paese-della-provincia-di-taranto\/\">story<\/a> from the \u201960s. There\u2019s also a little <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/abusisalesianitaranto\/?fref=nf\">Facebook<\/a> page where all the survivor of the abuse can talk to each other. Lots of stories may also be found in this <a href=\"http:\/\/laici.forumcommunity.net\/?t=59137060\">forum<\/a> ; <strong>Don Marino Genova<\/strong> from Portocannone (CB) is on trial for having sex with a young girl since she was 13 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgiornaledelmolise.it\/2017\/03\/15\/processo-don-marino-chiesta-riapertura-del-caso-archiviato-a-larino-il-centro-antiviolenza\/\">Il Giornale<\/a>) ; <strong>Giovanni Trotta<\/strong>, ex-priest and football coach, has been convicted for sexual abuse of an 11-year-old boy (he must stay in jail for 8 years) and he is on trial for sexual abuse of nine other boys aged between 12 and 13 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.foggiatoday.it\/cronaca\/arresto-violenza-sessuale-sacerdote-pietramontecorvino.html\">Foglia<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tgcom24.mediaset.it\/cronaca\/puglia\/foggia-la-chiesa-sapeva-ma-non-parlo-ex-prete-violenta-11-bambini_3055599-201702a.shtml\">TGCOM24<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it\/news\/foggia\/859177\/pedofilia-processo-al-sacerdote-la-prima-grana-per-mons-giuliani.html\">la Gazzetta<\/a>) ;<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in several chapter(s), among them, the chapter on the \u00ab\u00a0CEI\u00bb.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 J \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Jesuits<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Pope Francis.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the history of Jesuits, I read: Jean Lacouture, <em>J\u00e9suites, une multibiographie, 2 volumes : 1. Les Conqu\u00e9rants ; 2. Les revenants<\/em>, Seuil, 1991. See also : Corrado Augias, I Segreti del Vaticano, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cL\u2019arm\u00e9e controvers\u00e9e du pape\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>John<\/strong><strong> Paul II (Jean-Paul II)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u25ca See: Pope John Paul II<\/p>\n<h4><strong>John XXIII (Jean XXIII)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u25ca See: Pope John XXIII<\/p>\n<h4><strong>John<\/strong><strong> the Apostle (L\u2019\u00e2potre Jean)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 I read Theodore Jennings, <em>The Man Jesus Loved<\/em>, The Pilgrim Press, 2009 (Jennings proposes an interesting gay reading of the Bible in the hope of respecting the integrity of these texts and making them more clear as well as more persuasive. Regarding John the Apostle, he concludes a kind of \u00ab\u00a0socratic\u00a0\u00bb relationship between the \u00ab\u00a0man Jesus loved\u00a0\u00bb and the Christ, in an ancient Greek mode).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Jouhandeau<\/strong> (<strong>Marcel<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: Angelo Rinaldi, \u00ab\u00a0Jouhandeau\u00a0: du bon usage de l\u2019impudeur\u00a0\u00bb, L\u2019Express, 12 August 1974.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Journet (Charles)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Theologian.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 See the biography of Charles Journet by Guy Boissard, ed. Salvator, 2008.<br \/>\n\u2013 The Journet-Maritain correspondence is essential to understanding the \u00ab\u00a0homophily\u00a0\u00bb of the time\u00a0; see also\u00a0: Jean-Luc Barr\u00e9, <em>Jacques et Ra\u00efssa Maritain, op. cit<\/em>., pp. 233 et 295\u00a0; see, also, his correspondence with Paul Claudel.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Judge (Mychal)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US Priest and Chaplain<br \/>\n\u2013 Biography : Kelly Ann Lynch, <em>He Said Yes : The Story of Father Mychal Judge<\/em>, paulist Press, 2007. See also : Salvatore Sapienza, <em>Mychal\u2019s Prayer : Praying with Father Mychal Judge<\/em>, Tregatti Press, 2011 and his profile in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2002\/09\/27\/nyregion\/killed-on-9-11-fire-chaplain-becomes-larger-than-life.html\">New York Times<\/a>. I have also used his Wikipedia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Judge\">page<\/a>, which is pretty comprehensive and accurate, as well as his <a href=\"http:\/\/saintmychaljudge.blogspot.com\/2007\/03\/reserved-4.html\">official website<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 K \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Karadima (Fernando)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Chilean priest convicted of sexual abuse.<br \/>\n\u25ca See also: Chile ; Cardinal Err\u00e1zuriz ; Cardinal Angelo Sodano ; Cardinal Ezzati ; Papal visit to Chile and Peru 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 Considered the most powerful and influential priest in the Chilean church for more than three decades, until his sexual abuse crimes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tz1WFRdROrM\">went public on TV<\/a> in 2010. He began to build his power during the Chilean dictatorship thanks to his connections to the conservative economic, political, and military elites.<br \/>\nFrom the parish of El Bosque, in a well-off neighborhood of Santiago, he extended his influence over Angelo Sodano (when he was nuncio to Chile), officers of the Pinochet regime, and a body of more than 50 priests and four bishops who were trained by him through the organization he directed, the Pious Union of the Sacred Heart. His followers, just like his victims, mostly belonged to the upper class of Santiago. They called him \u201cthe saint,\u201d or \u201cthe king.\u201d Karadima also built a <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2010\/08\/13\/los-secretos-del-imperio-financiero-que-controla-karadima\/\">real estate empire<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 In November 2010, Karadima was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theclinic.cl\/2015\/09\/07\/exclusivo-el-fallo-completo-con-que-el-vaticano-condeno-a-karadima-y-lo-acuso-de-crear-subditos-sicologicos\/\">declared guilty<\/a> by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of sexual abuse of minors, among other canonical crimes that took place between 1980 and 1995. He was sentenced to a life of prayer and penance, and was perpetually prohibited from the exercise of priestly ministry. In 2011, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bishop-accountability.org\/Chile\/2011_ruling_on_Karadima_by_Chilean_Judge.pdf\">Chilean justice dropped the criminal case<\/a> against Karadima because of the statute of limitations but called the accusations \u201ctruthful and reliable\u201d and harshly condemned the priest.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cardinal Francisco Javier Err\u00e1zuriz<\/strong>, then archbishop of Santiago, received the first reports against Karadima in 2004. Only after a second accusation did Errazuriz open a canonical trial, but then suspended it for three more years \u201cto wait for new evidence.\u201d In 2010, a TV special report unveiled Karadima\u2019s story and, shortly after, Errazuriz sent the case to the Vatican. A series of emails between Err\u00e1zuriz and his successor, Cardinal Ricardo Ezzati, demonstrate their complicity and attempts to discredit one the plaintiffs.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Among the disciples of Karadima<\/strong>, there were four current Chilean bishops: the auxiliary bishop of Santiago Andr\u00e9s Arteaga, Tomislav Koljatic of Linares, Horacio Valenzuela of Talca, and Juan Barros of Osorno. All of them are <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmostrador.cl\/noticias\/pais\/2011\/03\/23\/los-obispos-acusados-por-hamilton-de-encubrir-a-karadima\/\">accused of covering up<\/a> Karadima\u2019s crimes. Felipe Bacarreza, bishop of Los Angeles, was also part of Karadima\u2019s union, but then he walked away. When Pope Francis selected Barros to the Osorno diocese, hundred of Catholics protested the appointment. The complaints continued until Francis travelled to Chile in 2018, questioning his management of sexual abuse cases. Horacio Valenzuela and Juan Barros finally resigned in June 2018, resignation accepted immediately by Pope Francis.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sodano<\/strong>: In the 1980s, when Angelo Sodano was nuncio to Chile, he became very close to Karadima. His network within the Church of Santiago allowed him to deliver inside information to Sodano about the conduct of priests, especially those who did not belong to the conservative wing. The encounters were recurring, to the point that the room where they met was known as \u201cthe Nuncio\u2019s room.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 Along with Sodano, several of Pinochet\u2019s officers frequented the parish and belonged to Karadima\u2019s inner circle. The highest ranking of them was the captain (retired) <strong>Sergio Rill\u00f3n<\/strong>, one of Pinochet\u2019s closest advisors and head of the Special Affairs Office in charge of the liaison between the government and the Church. One of the Karadima\u2019s victims reported that both Rill\u00f3n and Sodano frequented Karadima together and shared information. In 2010, Rill\u00f3n wrote a letter in which he unconditionally supported Karadima: \u201cI have been a parishioner of the church [\u2026] since 1976 and I have always had a great admiration and affection for the accused priest. [\u2026] I will not change this conviction whatever the outcome of the prosecution [\u2026].\u201d A year before, <a href=\"http:\/\/yanky1000.blogspot.cl\/2009\/11\/debate-sobre-la-homosexualidad-carta-al.html\">he had written a letter<\/a> against an allegedly pro-gay message from President Sebasti\u00e1n Pi\u00f1era\u2019s campaign: \u201c[\u2026] it is imperative to delve into the affective environment of two people of the same sex. It can reach sublime levels and, in general, it is known as friendship. [\u2026] The problem is converting this empathy with an affective content into a physical projection of carnal union [\u2026].\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Rodrigo Serrano Bombal<\/strong> was another visitor, known as \u201cthe little king\u201d (Karadima was the \u201cbig\u201d one), who worked with Rill\u00f3n and at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Osvaldo Rivera, Pinochet\u2019s former director of communications (the office in charge of censorship), attended Karadima\u2019s parish for a while.<br \/>\n\u2013 The most important research on Karadima and the impact of the case on the Chilean Church are: Mar\u00eda Olivia Monckeberg, <em>Karadima: el se\u00f1or de los infiernos<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2011. By the same author, also read the article <a href=\"http:\/\/repositorio.uchile.cl\/bitstream\/handle\/2250\/130565\/Iglesia-y-politica-el-efecto-karadima.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">\u201cIglesia y pol\u00edtica: el efecto Karadima\u201d<\/a>, Universidad de Chile, 2011 ; Juan Andr\u00e9s Guzm\u00e1n, Gustavo Villarrubia, and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Catalonia\/UDP, 2011. Also see the series of articles by the same authors produced at the Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Period\u00edstica, <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/\">CIPER<\/a> ; Juan Carlos Cruz, <em>El fin de la inocencia<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2014 (testimony of one of Karadima\u2019s victims).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred college\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Kasper<\/strong><strong> (Walter)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 German cardinal, Theologian.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Synod on the family ; Saint-Gallen Group.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Born in Germany in 1933, Walter Kasper is considered as a leading figure, among cardinals and theologians, for a progressive church. He is close to Pope Francis. He was in charge of the preliminary text on the family synod of 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 C\u00e9line Hoyeau, \u201cDivorc\u00e9s remari\u00e9s, les cinq conditions du cardinal Kasper\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Actualite\/Divorces-remaries-les-cinq-conditions-du-cardinal-Kasper-2014-03-03-1114819\">La Croix<\/a>, March 3, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 About the St. Gallen group (Walter Kasper, Karl Lehmann, Oskar Saier), see : Tom Kington, \u201cConservative opposition to Pope Francis spurs talk of a schism in the Catholic Church\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/europe\/la-fg-pope-conservatives-2017-story.html\">Los Angeles Times<\/a>, April 17, 2017 : see also on the same St. Gallen group, the critical article by Anne Dolhein for Reinformation, <a href=\"http:\/\/reinformation.tv\/cardinal-danneels-mafia-groupe-secret-saint-gall-modernisation-eglise-dolhein-43044-2\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Koch<\/strong><strong> (Kurt)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal (Switzerland)<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal and bishop. Although he started out his career as a progressive and wrote about the beauty of friendship, he has hardened his position against homosexuality, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kath.ch\/upload\/20101101155028.pdf\">observing no tolerance for homosexual people in positions of the Catholic Church<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 He published the book <em>Lebensspiel der Freundschaft, Meditativer Brief an meiner Freund (Jeu d\u2019amiti\u00e9, Lettre m\u00e9ditative \u00e0 mon ami), <\/em>Kanisius Verlag 1982, an explicit letter of \u00ab\u00a0love friendship\u00a0\u00bb to a young man. The book has been strangely concealed from the cardinal\u2019s bibliography.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2010, the famous Swiss journalist Michael Meier, from the <em>Tages-Anzeiger<\/em>, the main Swiss-German newspaper, published a long profile on Cardinal Kurt Koch on the cover of the weekly supplement of <em>Tages-Anzeiger<\/em>, <em>Das Magazin<\/em> : this reportage was mainly on homosexuality, Swiss Cardinals and Kurt Koch.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0le Vice Pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Vice Pope\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>K\u00fcng<\/strong><strong> (Hans)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Swiss theologian.<br \/>\n\u2013 Hans K\u00fcng was one of the most influential theologians of the second half of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. Initially close to Cardinal Ratzinger, he became an opponent of Pope John Paul II after he rejected papal infallibility. In 1979, he was stripped of his licence of teaching as a Roman Catholic theologian. During the 1980s and 1990s, his voice became one of the most critical against John Paul II and Cardinal Ratzinger. He criticized a \u201crestoration\u201d of a pre-Vatican II status quo and spoke about the \u201cfailure\u201d of John Paul II. Later on, he criticized Benedict XVI as well, especially on inter-religious issues and the sexual abuse scandals.<br \/>\n\u2013 Hans K\u00fcng wrote dozens of books, among them, I recommend : \u00catre chr\u00e9tien, 1974, trans. in French, Le Seuil, 1978 ; Mon combat pour la libert\u00e9, M\u00e9moires, vol. I, Ed. du Cerf, 2006 ; Une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 contest\u00e9e, M\u00e9moires, vol. II, Ed. du Cerf, 2010.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 L \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Lacordaire (Henri)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French priest, Re-founder of the Dominican Order <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See Charles de Montalembert<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 French ecclesiastic, preacher, theologian, Henri Lacordaire (1802-1861) re-established the Dominican Order after the French Revolution.<br \/>\n\u2013 He was a close friend of the Catholic journalist and politician Charles de Montalembert (1810-1870). The recently published correspondence between Montalembert and Lacordaire by Le Cerf publisher, in 1989, confirms their \u201chomophily\u201d and their long-term love affair (read the explicit preface by Jos\u00e9 Cabanis). In his novel <em>Volupt\u00e9<\/em>, Sainte Beuve had already described the homosexuality of Lacordaire under a pseudonym.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ladaria Ferrer (Luis)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith.<br \/>\n\u2013 A bishop from Spain, Luis Ladaria Ferrer (born in 1944) was appointed as the Head of the Congregation of the Doctrine Faith in 2017 after his predecessor, Cardinal M\u00fcller was unexpectedly fired by pope Francis.<br \/>\n\u2013 According to the Italian newspaper <em>La Repubblica<\/em>, Msg Ladaria Ferrer is currently criticized for having been soft on the fight against sexual abuse (see : Emiliano Fittipaldi &amp; Giuliano Foschini, \u201cNon denunci\u00f2 il prete pedofilo: quell\u2019ombra nel passato del nuovo capo del Sant\u2019Uffizio\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/vaticano\/2017\/07\/03\/news\/non_denuncio_il_prete_pedofilo_quell_ombra_nel_passato_del_nuovo_capo_del_sant_uffizio-169841050\/?ref=search\">La Repubblica<\/a>, July 3, 2017. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/07\/04\/le-pape-francois-remplace-le-cardinal-muller-gardien-des-m-urs-de-l-eglise_5155231_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>. )<br \/>\n\u2013 Critics against Ladaria in Spain, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biobiochile.cl\/noticias\/internacional\/europa\/2018\/05\/22\/papa-francisco-nombra-cardenal-en-espana-a-sacerdote-acusado-de-encubrir-abusos-sexuales.shtml\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Laghi (Pio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Nuncio &amp; Cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Argentina ; Angelo Sodano.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Nuncio in Argentina and the US. Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Catholic Education. He died in 2009. For an official and idyllic version of his life, see : Bruno Passarelli, <em>Il cardinal e I desaparecidos<\/em>, EDI, 2000 (only in Italian).<br \/>\n\u2013 Laghi developed a diplomatic career in Jerusalem and Palestine, Cyprus, Argentina, and the US. Pope John Paul II also appointed him prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1991-99).<br \/>\n\u2013 The most controversial aspect of his figure was his role as nuncio to Argentina during the military dictatorship. Different versions range from those who accuse Laghi of complicity in human rights violations and silencing the murder and disappearance of dissident priests and nuns, to those who say he made effective but quiet efforts to protect victims thanks to his regular contact with members of the regime.\u00a0\u2022\u00a0During his period in Argentina, Laghi had to navigate a divided Church: on the one hand, there was a conservative sector (including much of the episcopal leadership) that acted in complicity with the regime, blessed it and, on many occasions, participated in its atrocities; in the middle, a progressive center; and finally, a combative wing, prone to Marxist theological and political currents that had to suffer the political violence and persecution. In this context, in the nunciature, Laghi received hundreds of requests from relatives of the victims. They asked the nuncio for intervention before the authorities. Testimonies reveal that, in some cases, he could successfully mediate. In other cases, relatives denounce his inaction in the face of horror. \u2022\u00a0In testimony before the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons, a victim of torture and illegal detention said that he saw Laghi in a concentration camp; the ex-nuncio denied being there at the time, although he recognized a subsequent visit to the area. The testimony was removed from the final report because of the <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1985\/05\/01\/internacional\/483746412_850215.html\">alleged pressure from the Church<\/a>.<br \/>\nHe is also accused of remaining silent about the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.desaparecidos.org\/nuncamas\/web\/investig\/investig.htm\">disappearance or murder of about 85<\/a> Catholic priests, nuns, brothers, seminarists and lay leaders, and the forced exile of another hundred. In addition, he had a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/1-118068-2009-01-12.html\">friendly relationship with members of the military junta<\/a> and a favorable view of others, as <a href=\"https:\/\/foia.state.gov\/searchapp\/DOCUMENTS\/Argentina\/0000A232.pdf\">was revealed by US State Department declassified documents<\/a>. In media coverage at the time, Laghi appeared blessing the troops in charge of illegal repression (later, the Cardinal did not recognize his words and blamed the biased press of those years).<br \/>\nA group of <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">Mothers of Plaza de Mayo petitioned the Italian government to prosecute Laghi<\/a> based on 20 witnesses, including two bishops, ready to testify that the Cardinal silenced international protests, falsely stated to relatives that he knew nothing about the fate of victims, and expelled priests and nuns for their human rights activity. Laghi stated that the accusation was \u201cdefamatory and void of factual content.\u201d \u2022 On the other hand, human rights activists \u2013 including bishops \u2013, relatives of victims, and other relevant figures have defended Laghi\u2019s role (see Emilio Mignone, <em>Iglesia y dictadura<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Colihue, 2006, also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.desaparecidos.org\/nuncamas\/web\/investig\/igldict\/igldict_cap3.htm\">available online<\/a>). Laghi carefully documented each of the cases that came to his hands, according to a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2016\/03\/29\/vaticaninsider\/la-dictadura-argentina-y-el-nuncio-po-laghi-las-verdades-ocultas-rXvLg1iNC62c6jUE4ozzqN\/pagina.html\">Vatican declassification of files<\/a> that tried to establish his concern about the human rights situation. The documents show that he continually reported to Rome. See also : Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002. The Argentine journalist interviewed Laghi before his death ; and Bruno Passarelli, and Fernando Elenberg, <em>Il Cardinale e i desaparecidos<\/em>, Rome, Societ\u00e0 Editrice Edi2000, 1999: an official version based on access to Laghi\u2019s files and interviews with him.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires\u00bb (french and english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Law (Bernard)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Boston<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal Bernard F. Law, whose 19-year tenure as head of the Archdiocese of Boston ended in his resignation after it was revealed he had failed to remove sexually abusive priests from the ministry, setting off a scandal that reached around the world, died at 86 in Dec. 2017 : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/metro\/obituaries\/2017\/12\/19\/lawbernard\/PBOOOaMLW783ylMI1L6pzO\/story.html\">Boston Globe<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/dec\/20\/cardinal-bernard-law-boston-sex-abuse-scandal-dies\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/societe\/pedophilie-la-mort-de-bernard-law-le-cardinal-de-spotlight-rouvre-les-plaies-20-12-2017-7464816.php\">Le Parisien (with AFP)<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the polemic about \u201cHow cardinal disgraced in Boston child abuse scandal found a Vatican Heaven\u201d, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/nov\/06\/cardinal-bernard-law-disgraced-boston-child-abuse-scandal-vatican-haven-spotlight\">The Guardian<\/a>, Nov 6, 2015. See also on Cardinal Bernard Law : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013. See also the movie Spotlight.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du Genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Legionaries of Christ<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Marcial Maciel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Leonardo<\/strong><strong> da Vinci<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Renaissance ; Michelangelo ; Caravaggio.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Leonardo da Vinci, <em>Notebooks<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 1952 ; reed. 2008 by Oxford World\u2019s Classics (see the mentions of Sala\u00ef, who fascinated Freud).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Da Vinci\u2019s life, I use mainly Daniel Arasse, <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, Hazan, 1997 ; Carlo Vecce, <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, Flammarion, 2001 ; Sophie Chauveau, <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, Gallimard\/Folio Biographies, 2008 ; and, on the homosexual side, Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (especially : \u201cFlorence, capitale de la culture gay\u201d, pp. 116-129). It is also important to read the famous book by Sigmund Freud, <em>Un souvenir d\u2019enfance de L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, PUF, 2012 (the book is based on a translation mistake about the word \u201cvautour\u201d, but it is a smart lecture on homosexuality).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Gian Giacomo Caprotti, aka Sala\u00ef, see Sigmund Freud, <em>Un souvenir d\u2019enfance de L\u00e9onard de Vinci, op. cit. <\/em>; Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, <em>op. cit.<\/em>, pp. 125-128 ; and Sophie Chauveau, <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci, op. cit<\/em>., p. 82-83.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Francesco Melzi, see Sophie Chauveau, <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci, op. cit<\/em>., p. 200-205.<br \/>\n\u2013 On homosexuality, see the key text by Sigmund Freud, <em>Un souvenir d\u2019enfance de L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, PUF, 2012 ; see also : Sarah Contou-Terquem, <em>Dictionnaire Freud<\/em>, \u201cL\u00e9onard de Vinci\u201d, pp. 549-553).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>LGBT movement in Italy<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On Marco Bisceglia and Arcigay, see the key book by Rocco Pezzano, <em>Troppo amore ti uccider\u00e0. Le tre vite di don Marco Bisceglia<\/em>, Edigrafema, 2013 (the book retraces the life of Arcigay\u2019s founder, from the Church to the gay activism).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Italian LGBT movement, see, among other books\u00a0: Gianni Rossi Barilli, Il movimento gay in Italia, Feltrinelli, 1999\u00a0; Marzio Barbagli, Asher Colombo, Omosessuali moderni: gay e lesbiche in Italia, Il Mulino, 2007.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Liberation Theology &amp; Theology of liberation (Th\u00e9ologie de la Lib\u00e9ration)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Fidel Castro ; Lopez-Trujillo ; Argentine<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>General readings on Liberation Theology<\/strong> : Rafael Luciani, <em>Pope Francis and the Theology of the People<\/em>, Orbis Books, 2017 (original in Spanish : El Papa Francisco y la Teolog\u00eda del Pueblo, Madrid, PPC, 2016). See also the interesting debate between Gustavo Gutierrez and Cardinal M\u00fcller : G. Guti\u00e9rrez, G.L. M\u00fcller, <em>Dalla parte dei poveri. Teologia della liberazione, teologia della Chiesa<\/em>, Edizioni Messaggero-EMI, Padoue, 2013 (trans. in English\u00a0:\u00a0<em>On The Side of the Poor. The Theology of Liberation<\/em>, Orbis Book, 2015 ; trans. in French\u00a0: <em>Aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des pauvres : l&#8217;Eglise et la th\u00e9ologie de la lib\u00e9ration<\/em>, Bayard, 2014). See also, on this question, a rebuttal by <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/135058975af.html?fr=y\">Sandro Magister<\/a>.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 On Gustavo Gutierrez<\/strong>, A Theology of Liberation, First edition in Lima, Peru, 1971 ; reed. English, Orbis Books, 1973.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Leonardo Boff<\/strong> see: <em>Ecclesiogenesis: The Base Communities Reinvent the Church<\/em> (1986) ; <em>Ecolog\u00eda: grito de la Tierra, grito de los pobres<\/em> (2006)\u00a0; <em>La dignidad de la Tierra. Ecolog\u00eda, mundializaci\u00f3n, espiritualidad<\/em> (2000).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Frei Betto<\/strong> see : Fidel Castro and Frei Betto, <em>Fidel &amp; Religion, Conversations with Frei Betto on Marxism &amp; Liberation Theology<\/em>, Ocean Press, 2006<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>John-Paul II and Cardinal Ratzinger against Liberation Theology<\/strong> : see the official Catholic document : Instruction pour quelques aspects de la th\u00e9ologie de la lib\u00e9ration by Joseph Ratzinger, 1984. See also : Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9 Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 ; Michael L\u00f6wy, \u201cLa vraie Eglise des pauvres\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/idees\/article\/2013\/03\/30\/la-vraie-eglise-des-pauvres_3150919_3232.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, March 30, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Jorge Bergoglio and Liberation Theology<\/strong> : see Silvina P\u00e9rez et Lucetta Scaraffia, Fran\u00e7ois, le pape am\u00e9ricain, Introduction de Giovanni Maria Vian, Presses de la renaissance, 2017 (a propaganda version of the idyllic life of Pope Francis in Argentina, see the text \u201cBergoglio\u201d, pp. 23-86). For a more serious account, see Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 177-207). See also : Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cThe Pope of Latin America\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/the-pope-of-latin-america\">The New Yorker<\/a>, July 17, 2015.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in several chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 Coll\u00e8ge\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Les l\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb and\u00a0\u00ab La Croisade contre les gays\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Legionnaries of Christ\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0The crusade against gays\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Lombardi (Federico)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Spokeperson of Benedict XVI, Director of Radio Vatican.<br \/>\n\u2013 Caroline Pigozzi, \u201cPadre Lombardi : L\u2019homme qui parle \u00e0 l\u2019oreille des papes\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parismatch.com\/Actu\/International\/Padre-Lombardi-l-homme-qui-parle-a-l-oreille-des-papes-1105436\">Paris Match<\/a>, Oct 31, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>L\u00f3pez Trujillo (Alfonso)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal of Colombia.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Theology of Liberation ; Colombia ; Cardinal Baggio ; Cardinal Sodano.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Cardinal de Medell\u00edn, L\u00f3pez Trujillo was first identified around 1968 by the influential Italian Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, head of Congregation for Bishops.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the official pro-Trujillo book : Alfonso L\u00f3pez Trujillo, <em>Testimonianze : conversazioni con Jos\u00e9 Luis Guti\u00e9rrez Garc\u00eda<\/em>, Rinnovamento nello Spirito Santo, Rome, 2000.<br \/>\n\u2013 An excellent book has been written by the journalist Hernando Salazar Palacio, <em>La Guerra secreta del cardinal Lopez Trujillo<\/em>, publisher: Temas de Hoy, 1996 (in Spanish). In this book, Hernando Salazar Palacio mentions Lopez Trujillo\u2019s war against Liberation Theology.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cThe Afterlife of Pablo Escobar\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2018\/03\/05\/the-afterlife-of-pablo-escobar\">New Yorker<\/a>, March 5, 2018 ; Edgar Gonz\u00e1lez Ruiz, <em>Cruces y sombras: perfiles del conservadurismo en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/em>, San Jos\u00e9, CR [Asociaci\u00f3n Colectiva por el Derecho a Decidir], 2006.<br \/>\n\u2013 Gustavo Salazar Pineda has published a key book : Gustavo Salazar Pineda, <em>El Confidente de la Mafia se Confiesa<\/em>, 2006. In this book, the lawyer Gustavo Salazar Pineda, who defended the Colombian mafia, confirms that Lopez Trujillo was linked with the drug traffickers and got money from them (see also this <a href=\"http:\/\/caracol.com.co\/radio\/2006\/02\/11\/judicial\/1139656560_248075.html\">source<\/a> and this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdzol.com\/entrevista\/707613-el-abogado-de-la-mafia-se-confiesa-los-malos-son-seductores\/\">one<\/a>). Another source suggests a link between Cardinal L\u00f3pez Trujillo and the narcos : \u201cL\u00f3pez Trujillo era un cardenal muy influyente en el Vaticano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/jscroll_view_entity\/node\/10616\/full\/x10616-p10611\">El Espectador<\/a>, April 20, 2008. See also the reportage by Mar\u00eda Jimena Dunz\u00e1n in El Tiempo (April 2005, she mentions in her article the \u201cgood relations\u201d between the cardinal and Pablo Escobar). See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/11288470\">The Economist<\/a>, May 1st, 2008 :<br \/>\n\u2013 On his declaration against use of condoms for AIDS, in Africa see the <a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/3176982.stm\">BBC<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Peter Stanford : \u201cObituary: Cardinal Alfonso L\u00f3pez Trujillo\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/apr\/22\/catholicism.colombia\">The Guardian<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Nelson Fredy Padilla &#8211;\u00a0El cardenal duerme sentado, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elespectador.com\/impreso\/cuadernilloa\/internacional\/articuloimpreso-el-cardenal-duerme-sentado\">El Espectador\u00a0<\/a>; John L. Allen JR., <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a>, June 2, 2000\u00a0; El verdedero malhechor &#8211; \u00a0Hector Abad Facciolince (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.semana.com\/opinion\/articulo\/el-verdadero-malhechor\/80716-3\">here<\/a>)\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.semana.com\/nacion\/articulo\/en-plata-blanca-con-gustavo-alvarez-gardeazabal\/377276-3\">Interview<\/a> by reporter Ms Duzan with Lopez Trujillo\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/archivo\/documento\/MAM-1624400\">article<\/a> on Duzan versus Lopez\u00a0; Trujillo against Duzan\u00a0in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/archivo\/documento\/MAM-1962140\">El Tiempo<\/a> ;\u00a0priests in favor of Lopez Trujillo, in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/archivo\/documento\/MAM-1694339\">El Tiempo\u00a0<\/a>; a Book against <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eltiempo.com\/archivo\/documento\/MAM-371379\">Lopez Trujillo<\/a>\u00a0; Vatican condemns Spain gay bill &#8211; Lopez Trujillo Speech (<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/europe\/4473001.stm\">BBC<\/a>)\u00a0; On family by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/pontifical_councils\/family\/documents\/rc_pc_family_doc_20030614_family-europe-trujillo_en.html\">Vatican\u00a0<\/a>; A Spanish <a href=\"http:\/\/es.catholic.net\/op\/articulos\/19765\/cat\/486\/entrevista-postuma-del-cardenal-lopez-trujillo.html\">interview<\/a> with Lopez Trujillo\u00a0(in Spanish)\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/nationalcatholicreporter.org\/word\/pfw0228.htm\">Interview<\/a> on Lopez Trujillo\u00a0; Rests of Lopez left Roma for Medellin, in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elcolombiano.com\/antioquia\/restos-del-cardenal-alfonso-lopez-trujillo-en-medellin-EA6507314\">El Colombiano<\/a>\u00a0;<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the novel by Gustavo \u00c1lvarez Gardeaz\u00e1bal, <em>La Misa ha terminado<\/em>\u00a0: in this explicit novel \u00ab\u00a0\u00e0 cl\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb \u00c1lvarez Gardeaz\u00e1bal describes the scandalous sexual life of L\u00f3pez Trujillo\u00a0; in Spanish, not translated. (The cover of the book is a San Sebastian in front of the Vatican).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade against gays \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Lot (or Loth)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Patriarch or Prophet, key figure of the Bible.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: Sodom ; Orient Travels ; and Dead Sea (The).<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the figure of Lot, see Andr\u00e9-Marie Gerard, Dictionnaire de la Bible, Robert Laffont, 1989 (see Loth, pp. 802-803)\u00a0; Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman also mention Lot in several paragraphs in <em>The Bible Unearthed<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2001\u00a0; trad. in French\u00a0: La Bible d\u00e9voil\u00e9e, Bayard, 2002.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel. See the unpublished chapter about the history of the city of Sodom, online\u00a0: <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr\">http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr<\/a><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Lubac <\/strong><strong>(Henri de)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A Jesuit, a cardinal and a key French theologian.<br \/>\n\u2013 I recommend de Lubac\u2019s most famous book\u00a0: <em>Le Drame de l\u2019humanisme ath\u00e9e<\/em>, a fine analysis on the rationalism, empiricism, and positivism of the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century. De Lubac offers a smart reading of Kierkegaard and Dosto\u00efevski to criticize Marx and Nietzsche.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 M \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Macchi <\/strong><strong>(Pasquale)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Personal assistant of pope Paul VI.<br \/>\n\u2013 See an official and laudatory biography\u00a0: A. Caprioli, L. Vaccaro, ed., Mons. Pasquale Macchi, Per una biographia spirituale, Morcelliana, 2017\u00a0(in Italian) ; and<br \/>\nthe short book by Angelo Montonati, Monsignor Pasquale Macchi, Nel solco luminoso di Paolo VI, Elledici, 2013 (in Italian).<br \/>\n\u2013 The personal assistant of Paul VI (he began as Montini\u2019s assistant in 1954 and stayed assistant to the Pope until his death in 1978), has been a key figure on the arts during the pontificate\u00a0; he was the main contact of artists and played an important role for the creation of the modern art collection in the Vatican museums.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Love friendship\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Maciel<\/strong><strong> (Marcial)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Founder of The Legion of Christ in Mexico.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Mexico ; Cardinal Angelo Sodano ; Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz.<\/em><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 Founder of The Legion of Christ (Legi\u00f3n de Cristo). He <a href=\"http:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/2010\/07\/11\/eps\/1278829615_850215.html\">sexually abused at least 20 seminarists<\/a> but was not punished by the Catholic Church. He spent only 20 months separated from the Church, having stood in no trial, at the end of his life.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Marcial Maciel\u2019s life and crimes<\/strong> : I mainly use two books: the first one by Franca Giansoldati, <em>Il Demonio in Vaticano I Legionari di Cristo e Il caso Maciel<\/em>, Edizioni Piemme Spa, 2014, trans. in French : <em>L\u2019Affaire Maciel<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2015 (in this influential book, Giansoldati reveals the exchange of money between Marcial Maciel and the Vatican) ; the second : Carmen Aristegui, <em>Marcial Maciel, Historia de un Criminal<\/em>, Deboolsillo (with multiple interviews, transcripts, and original documents by the famous Mexican journalist Carmen Aristegui ; in Spanish).<br \/>\n\u2013 I also use three key investigative books: one by Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9 Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 ; the second by Jason Berry and Gerald Renner, <em>Vows of Silence. The Abuse of Power in the Papacy of John Paul II<\/em>, Free Press, 2004 (see also Jason Berry\u2019s anti-Pope John Paul II article : \u201cThe Shame of John Paul II : How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/shame-john-paul-ii-how-sex-abuse-scandal-stained-his-papacy\/\">The Nation<\/a>, April 27, 2011 ; the third : Fernando M. Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Marcial Maciel. Los Legionarios de Cristo : testimonies y docuentos in\u00e9ditos<\/em>, ed. Tiempo.<br \/>\n\u2013 Other articles and sources : Jason Berry, \u201cFather Marcial Maciel and the Popes he stained\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/father-marcial-maciel-and-popes-he-stained-62811\">Newsweek<\/a>, Nov 3, 2013. See also : an opinionated article by Edward Pentin, \u201cThe Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2011\/05\/04\/the-allegations-against-cardinal-sodano\/\">Catholic World Report<\/a>, May 4, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Nelly Ram\u00edrez Mota Velasco, <em>El Reino de Marcial Maciel : la vida oculta de la Legi\u00f3n y el Regnum Christi<\/em>, Planeta Mexicana, 2011 ; Xavier L\u00e9ger, <em>Moi, ancien legionnaire du Christ : sept ans dans une secte au coeur de l\u2019\u00e9glise<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the books by Marcial Maciel, see <em>Ma vie, c\u2019est le Christ<\/em>, written with Jes\u00fas Colina, 2003 (see the glorious preface by Tarcisio Bertone ; the journalist from Zenit agency later recognized that he had been manipulated by Maciel).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/05\/20\/world\/europe\/20vatican.html\">New York Times<\/a> 1 ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/07\/world\/legionaries-of-christ-denounce-founder-marcial-maciel-degollado.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a> 2 ; Jo Tuckman, \u201cThe Rev. Marcial Maciel\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/apr\/29\/catholicism.mexico\">The Guardian<\/a>, April 29, 2008.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Marcial Maciel\u2019s Vatican protectors in Mexico and within the Vatican <\/strong>: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/money-paved-way-maciels-influence-vatican\">NCROnline<\/a>\u00a01 ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/blogs\/all-things-catholic\/what-do-about-sodano\">NCROnline\u00a02<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americamagazine.org\/content\/all-things\/will-cardinal-sodano-resign-over-maciel\">AmericaMagazine<\/a>. See also : Jason Berry, \u201cFrancis Must Fix-Up Cover-Up culture that John-Paul II enabled\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/francis-must-fix-cover-culture-john-paul-ii-enabled\">NCROnline.org<\/a>, Feb 21, 2019.<br \/>\n\u2013 The well-known letter of Juan Jos\u00e9 Vaca written in 1976 : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavoluntaddenosaber.com\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2&amp;Itemid=58\">here<\/a> the original in Spanish and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lenversdudecor.org\/La-lettre-de-Juan-Jose-Vaca-de-1976.html\">here<\/a> in a French translation (the website is not an orthodox one, but the translation seems correct).<br \/>\n\u2013 The film <em>Secrets of the Vatican<\/em> by Anthony Thomas, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/frontline\/film\/secrets-of-the-vatican\/\">Frontline<\/a>, PBS, 2014 retraces the Marcial Maciel scandal.<br \/>\n\u2013 Marcial Maciel, Stanislaw Dziwisz and Poland : see Miroslaw Wlek\u0142y, \u201cLegion Molestowanych\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> : Here are some translated excerpts: \u201cNovember 11, 2002. Jos\u00e9 Barba sends a letter to Stanis\u0142aw Dziwisz, secretary of John Paul II on behalf of himself and other legionnaires. In 12 points written in Polish are the sins of Maciel.\u201d [\u2026] \u201cFlora Garza Barrag\u00e1n (daughter of Flory Barrag\u00e1n de Garzy, Legion&#8217;s long-time sponsor): &#8211; My mother told me that he asked her for millions of dollars. On a special radio with which John Paul II could secretly communicate with Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa. Mum gave two million dollars for it (&#8230;). When we came to Rome, we always had a party in honor of my mom (&#8230;). When her money ran out, he broke off contact with her.\u201d [\u2026] Alberto Athi\u00e9: At this time, John Paul II appoints Maciel as an expert of the World Synod of Bishops in the Vatican, and I try to continue. The house where we are sitting, I bought from the mother of Bishop Carlos Talavera. He was a model for me, a friend of my father and father when my father died. He supported me when I decided to quit my medical studies and become a priest. Wonderful man. Talavera promises me that he will give my letter to Joseph Ratzinger, then prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. He returned from the Vatican and says: \u00abRatzinger read your letter with me and asked if I know you well, I assured him that you are reliable and all this is true.\u00bb And Ratzinger said, \u00abI&#8217;m sorry, but we can not move this matter because Maciel is close to the pope and very useful for the Church. \u00bb<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Legion of Christ since the fall of Marcial Maciel : revelations about tax havens, see this important research in Chile (<a href=\"https:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2017\/11\/13\/el-paraiso-terrenal-de-los-legionarios-de-cristo-en-bermudas\/\">source<\/a>). See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/paradise-papers\/article\/2017\/11\/17\/paradise-papers-les-legionnaires-du-christ-en-mission-dans-les-paradis-fiscaux_5216392_5209585.html\">Le Monde<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Legionnaries of Christ\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Magee (John)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Assistant to Pope John Paul I<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: John Paul I ; Ireland.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the figure of Pope John Paul I\u2019s personal assistant, Mgr John Magee, who was critized for his conduct and who was later harshly critized in numerous sexual abuse cases see : Henry McDonald, \u201cIrish report on child sex abuse berates Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jul\/13\/irish-report-child-sex-abuse-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a>, July 13, 2011 (see also : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/mar\/24\/irish-catholic-bishop-resignation-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a>). For the official report of the Cloyne Diocese Report by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church in Ireland, which mentions John Magee\u2019s singularity on \u00a7 26.4, p. 320 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.ie\/en\/JELR\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\/Files\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Love Friendship\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mahony (Roger)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 American cardinal<br \/>\n\u2013 See Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : p. 63-64). See also on Cardinal Mahony : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mamberti (Dominique)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca Pope Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Dominique Mamberti has been \u201cminister\u201d of Foreign affairs of the Holy See under Pope Benedict XVI. He reported to Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone.<br \/>\n\u2013 See, among many documents, two speeches by Mgr Mamberti at the UN General Assembly in 2012 (<a href=\"https:\/\/holyseemission.org\/contents\/\/statements\/55e34d367fa759.11515530.php\">here<\/a>) and in 2013 (<a href=\"https:\/\/holyseemission.org\/contents\/\/statements\/55e34d370d36a2.28070351.php\">here<\/a>). And one of the rare interviews of Mamberti by French Nicolas Diat (<a href=\"http:\/\/premium.lefigaro.fr\/lefigaromagazine\/2007\/04\/06\/01006-20070406ARTMAG90412-vatican_rencontre_au_sommet.php\">here<\/a>). By the same author, see a <a href=\"http:\/\/premium.lefigaro.fr\/lefigaromagazine\/2007\/04\/06\/01006-20070406ARTMAG90414-un_franais_au_cte_du_pape.php\">profile<\/a> of Mamberti for Le Figaro.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mangiacapra<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>Francesco<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 <\/strong>Italian escort living in Naples<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also\u00a0: Don Euro (see Morini, Gianluca)<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 This escort played a key role in the case of the former priest Gianluca Morini. In 2017, he published the book <em>Il Numero Uno. Confessioni di un Marchettaro<\/em>, detailing his life as an escort. In 2018, he made a dossier about all the gay priests he knew, detailing their sexual preferences and passions, but also featuring screenshots of all the conversation they had with escorts on Grindr, Facebook, Whatsapp, etc.<br \/>\nThe dossier, still unavailable to the public, has been sent to the archbishop of Naples, Cardinal Crescenzio Sepe (see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gay.it\/sesso\/news\/intervista-escort-maschi-milano-escort-maschi-napoli\">Gay.It<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/m.dagospia.com\/l-escort-gay-francesco-mangiacapra-e-il-dossier-con-1000-screenshot-di-chat-hot-con-50-preti-167664\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/napoli\/cronaca\/napoli_il_gigolo_mangiacapra_la_chiesa_strappi_la_tonaca_a_quei_sacerdoti_perversi-3576066.html\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2018\/03\/01\/news\/chiesa_cardinale_sepe_se_casi_preti_gay_confermati_chi_ha_sbagliato_deve_pagare-190093286\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tgregione.it\/cronaca-regionale\/prete-a-luci-rosse-blitz-dei-carabinieri-nella-casa-di-don-euro\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilmonito.it\/index.php\/cronaca\/attualita\/item\/2793-francesco-dopo-aver-denunciato-il-prete-magistrato-firmo-per-la-zonizzazione-radicale\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lagazzettadimassaecarrara.it\/cronaca\/2016\/09\/toh-chi-si-rivede-don-euro-in-curia\/\">here<\/a> ; see also on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/indignatidadoneuro\/?pnref=story\">Facebook here<\/a>.) See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchmilitant.com\/news\/article\/naples-archdiocese-rocked-by-scandal-drugs-gay-prostitution-blackmail\">Church Militant<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/158572\/escort-boy-napolitain-pretres\">Slate<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Catholicisme\/Pape\/dossier-reseau-presume-pretres-homosexuels-transmis-Vatican-2018-03-06-1200918622\">La Croix<\/a>. See also on the \u201cDon Euro\u201d scandal, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchmilitant.com\/news\/article\/naples-archdiocese-rocked-by-scandal-drugs-gay-prostitution-blackmail\">this article<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Roma Termini\u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mann (Thomas &amp; Klaus)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On the works and life of Thomas Mann and especially <em>Mort \u00e0 Venise<\/em> et <em>Tonio Kr\u00f6ger <\/em>: I use Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (see chapter \u201cSous l\u2019oeil de la police, \u00e0 propos de <em>Tonio Kr\u00f6ger<\/em> de Thomas Mann\u201d, where the writer concludes that Mann was homosexual).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Maradiaga (Oscar Andres Rodriguez)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Honduras<br \/>\n\u2013 About the \u201cC9\u201d, Pope Francis\u2019 council of cardinals : C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cLe Voeur pieux de la r\u00e9forme du Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/12\/23\/un-proche-du-pape-francois-soupconne-d-avoir-touche-des-sommes-enormes_5233778_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Dec 26, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the homosexual ambiance in Cardinal Maradiaga\u2019s entourage: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/honduran-seminarians-allege-widespread-homosexual-misconduct\">National Catholic Register<\/a> 1 ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/edward-pentin\/full-text-of-letter-complaining-of-epidemic-of-homosexuality-in-honduran-se\">National Catholic Register 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/edward-pentin\/still-no-action-taken-against-honduran-bishop-accused-of-sexual-abuse\">National Catholic Register 3<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146505\">Riposte Catholique<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.christianpost.com\/news\/dozens-of-honduran-catholics-warn-of-secretive-widespread-gay-practice-in-top-seminary-226452\/\">Christian Post<\/a> (and Maradiaga answer for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicnewsagency.com\/news\/cardinal-maradiaga-responds-to-allegations-of-corruption-48097\">Catholic News Agency<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Monseigneur\u00a0Juan Jos\u00e9 Pineda, auxiliary bishop of Tegucigalpa, capital of Honduras, see : \u201cVatican: le pape accepte la d\u00e9mission d&#8217;un \u00e9v\u00eaque hondurien controvers\u00e9\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bfmtv.com\/international\/vatican-le-pape-accepte-la-demission-d-un-eveque-hondurien-controverse-1492685.html\">BFM<\/a>, July 20, 2018. (See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/former-seminarians-allege-grave-sexual-misconduct-by-honduran-bishop-pineda\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover up : Cardinal Maradiaga was criticized in the Vigano Memo in August 2018 (here the original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">English<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a>) ; he is also mentioned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors&#8217; Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 A new book was published in spanish attacking the morals of Cardinal Maradiaga : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/daily-news\/author-accuses-honduras-cardinal-of-betrayal-and-cover-up-in-new-book\">National Catholic Register<\/a>, April 6 2019.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Marcel (Gabriel)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French catholic philosopher<br \/>\n\u2013 Gabriel Marcel (1889-1973) was an influential Christian philosopher and played an important role at the NRF (but his relations with Andr\u00e9 Gide were complicated). Jacques Maritain tried to convert him ; he read Saint Thomas Aquinas and was religious, sometimes quite esoteric, on his own, but finally ended up becoming a Catholic figure. (See Andr\u00e9 Gide, <em>Journal<\/em>, vol. 2, p. 203).<br \/>\n\u2013 Gabriel Marcel participated in a public conference on homosexuality at Paris\u2019 Cit\u00e9 Universitaire (probably in 1958) with Daniel Gu\u00e9rin and Dr Eck. Marcel had bad relations with Andr\u00e9 Baudry and asked that he not be invited.<br \/>\n\u2013 In his book Daniel Gu\u00e9rin revealed Marcel\u2019s homosexuality (<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.theanarchistlibrary.org\/library\/daniel-guerin-homosexualite-et-revolution.html\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 St\u00e9phane Giocanti, in his biography of Pierre Boutang, published by Flammarion, 2016, reveals that Gabriel Marcel had himself declared that he was \u201cun homosexuel r\u00e9fr\u00e9n\u00e9\u201d.<br \/>\n\u2013 Gabriel Marcel is one of the rare European names mentioned in <em>Amoris Laetitia<\/em>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Marcinkus (Paul C.)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 American archbishop, Head of the Vatican bank.<br \/>\n\u2013 Paul C. Marcinkus, an American archbishop, is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the Vatican. Associated with the Vatican bank for more than 20 years, he was its president from 1971 to 1989, under Pope Paul VI (for whom he was initially a translator and a bodyguard) through Pope John Paul II. Paul VI, allegedly, protected him. According to several authors and investigators, he may have been at the origin of large money scandals in the bank, and may have played a role in the assassination of Italian financier Roberto Calvi and even in the assassination of Pope John Paul I \u2013 but none of these accusations have ever been proven.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Paul Marcinkus, I mainly use the book by Fabio Marchese Ragona, <em>Il Caso Marcinkus<\/em>, Chiarelettere, November 2018 (on his relationship to Paul VI and Pasquale Macchi, see pp. 16-20 ; on his relation to Giulio Andreotti, see p. 36-59 ; on his bad relationship with Albino Luciani\/John Paul I, see pp. 102-117 ; on the funding of Solidarnosc, see pp. 118-130 ; on his fall and death, see p. 131-150). See also : David Yallop, <em>In God\u2019s name<\/em>, 1986 ; trans. in French <em>Au nom de Dieu<\/em>, Christian Bourgois, 1986 (this book has been a best-seller, selling millions of copies) ; David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory, Inside the Dark Heart of John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 2007 ; Bernard Lecomte, Les Secrets du Vatican, Perrin, 2009 ; reed. Tempus, 2011 (see pp. 308-324) ; See also \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159). These accusations have been denied by historian John Cornwell in <em>A Thief in the Night, Death of Pope John Paul I<\/em>, 1989 ; trans. in French, <em>Comme un voleur dans la nuit<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1989. See also : Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Vatican SA, Les archives secretes du Vatican<\/em>, Hugo &amp; C, 2011.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 college\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Les l\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Legionnaires of Christ\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Maritain<\/strong><strong> (Jacques)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 <\/strong>Theologian, Writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 Among the books by Jacques Maritain, I\u2019ve mainly used : <em>Art et scolastique<\/em>, 1920\u00a0; <em>Antimoderne<\/em>, 1922\u00a0; <em>Trois<\/em> <em>r\u00e9formateurs\u00a0: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther\"><em>Luther<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Descartes\"><em>Descartes<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau\"><em>Rousseau<\/em><\/a><em>, avec six portraits,<\/em> 1925 ; <em>R\u00e9ponse<\/em> <em>\u00e0 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean_Cocteau\"><em>Jean Cocteau<\/em><\/a>, 1926 ; <em>Une<\/em> <em>opinion sur <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Maurras\"><em>Charles Maurras<\/em><\/a><em> et le devoir des catholiques<\/em>, 1926 ; <em>Pourquoi Rome a parl\u00e9<\/em> (coll.), 1927 ; <em>Religion et culture<\/em>, 1930 ; <em>Humanisme int\u00e9gral. Probl\u00e8mes temporels et spirituels d&#8217;une nouvelle chr\u00e9tient\u00e9<\/em>, 1936 ; <em>Le paysan de la Garonne. Un vieux la\u00efc s\u2019interroge \u00e0 propos du temps pr\u00e9sent<\/em>, 1966<br \/>\n\u2013 The main source on Maritain\u2019s life is the biography by Jean-Luc Barr\u00e9, <em>Jacques et Ra\u00efssa Maritain<\/em>, Fayard, 2009, reed. Tempus\/Perrin, 2012. See also : Yves Floucat, Jacques Maritain ou la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ternel, FAC-Editions, 1996.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Ernest Psichari, his homosexuality, and his relation with Maritain, see\u00a0: Jacques Maritain, <em>Antimoderne<\/em> (see chapter V on \u201cErnest Psichari, pp. 205-247) ;<br \/>\nFr\u00e9d\u00e9rique Neau-Dufour, <em>Ernest Psichari\u00a0: l\u2019ordre et l\u2019errance<\/em>, \u00e9dition du Cerf\u00a0; see also Th\u00e9odore Monod, <em>Maxence au d\u00e9sert. Un voyage en Mauritanie<\/em>, Actes Sud\/Babel, 2001\u00a0(who describes Psichari as a Wildean homosexual) ; and Andr\u00e9 Gide who reveals the homosexuality of Psichari in <em>Nouvelle Revue Fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, September 1st, 1932.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Maritain\/Gide, see\u00a0: Andr\u00e9 Gide, <em>Journal 1887-1925<\/em>, Pl\u00e9iade, Gallimard, 1996, tome I, p. 1233-1237.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Maritain\/Green see : Julien Green, Jacques Maritain, <em>Une Grande amiti\u00e9. Correspondance, 1926-1972<\/em>, Id\u00e9es\/Gallimard, 1982 and Yves Floucat, Julien Green et Jacques Maritain, L\u2019amour du vrai et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 du coeur, Pierre T\u00e9qui ed., 1997.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Maritain and Paul VI, see : Philippe Chenaux, <em>Paul VI and Maritain, Les rapports du montinianisme et du maritanisme<\/em>, Studium, 1994.<br \/>\n\u2013 Paul VI translated the book by Maritain, <em>Trois R\u00e9formateurs : Luther, Descartes, Rousseau<\/em>, Plon, 1925. According to the biography of Paul VI by Yves Chiron, Mgr Montini read this book in 1926 during a stay in Strasbourg. He wrote to Maritain in December 1926 to ask him permission to translate the book in Italian. The book was published in 1928 by Morcelliana. Mgr Montini wrote a long preface of the book (only signed \u201cg.b.m\u201d) in which he defends Maritain and praises a neo-Thomist theory ; he also criticized fascism (without naming it) for breaking ties with Christian humanism and for being a selfish doctrine (see Yves Chiron, <em>Paul VI, Le Pape Ecartel\u00e9<\/em>, Perrin, 1993, pp. 58-59).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Maritain\u2019s code\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Martin<\/strong><strong> (James)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A Pro-LGBT US Jesuit.<br \/>\n\u2013 US Priest and writer. See his book : <em>Building a Bridge<\/em> (The preface is written by the archbishop of Bologna, Matteo Zuppi, who speaks about \u201ca new attitude to find together with our LGBT brothers and sisters\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2013 See the interview of Father James Martin, in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgiornale.it\/news\/cronache\/james-martin-caso-gesuita-pro-lgbt-1444478.html\">Il Giornale<\/a> : he says the biggest mistake the Church committed or will commit against the LGBT community: \u201ctreat them like leprous people; No other group of Catholics has been treated this way by the Church\u201d. Will the Church ever recognize some kind of value in homosexual relationships? \u201cWe need to listen to the European bishops who already opened to that, even when the Church doesn&#8217;t approve of same-sex marriage\u201d. \u201cSaying that I know gay priests who are celibate, or even celibate members of religious orders, is not an opinion. It&#8217;s a fact. They exist and even have important positions in the Church. If we believe that a percentage of the humanity is gay or lesbian, it&#8217;s logical to say that even a few saints were gay or lesbian. Are we saying that God can&#8217;t make a a gay person a saint?\u201d (See also this point of view in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/03\/opinion\/sunday\/scariest-catholic-james-martin.html?emc=edit_tnt_20180210&amp;nlid=44164090&amp;tntemail0=y\">New York Times<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Martino (Renato Raffaele)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Italy, former Nuncio in the UN<br \/>\n\u2013 Official reaction of the Dignitatis Humanae Institute (Cardinal Burke and Benjamin Harnwell) to Mgr Vigan\u00f2\u2019s accusation of Cardinal Martino\u2019s homosexuality (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/statement-by-the-director-of-the-dhi-in-response-to-archbishop-carlo-maria-viganos-testimony\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s diplomacy \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Martini (Carlo Maria)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal, Milan.<br \/>\n\u2013 A former Archbishop of Milan, Martini may be considered one of the most \u2018gay friendly\u2019 figures in the Italian Church; one of the most marginalized too, under John Paul II. A liberal Jesuit, born in Turin, he had written several open works about social questions, and given a much-noticed interview with the former mayor of Rome in which heshowed himself to be favourable to homosexuals. In other texts, he defended the idea of a \u2018Vatican III\u2019 which would undertake deep reform of the Church with regard to questions of sexual morality, and he was open to a debate around homosexual unions, but without encouraging them. He defended the use of condoms under certain circumstances, in explicit disagreement with the thoughts of Benedict XVI, whom he opposed head-on. Finally, he wrote a regular column in the newspaper Corriere della Sera in which he was quite forthright about opening up the debate concerning women priests or the ordination of married men: the famous viri probati.<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini on civil unions (<a href=\"http:\/\/espresso.repubblica.it\/palazzo\/2012\/03\/23\/news\/il-cardinale-martini-io-e-i-gay-1.41690\">Espresso<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab La\u00a0CEI\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0CEI \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mauriac<\/strong><strong> (Fran\u00e7ois)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 <\/strong>French Writer, Nobel Prize.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 I mainly use the biography by Jean-Luc Barr\u00e9, <em>Fran\u00e7ois Mauriac, Biographie Intime<\/em>, Fayard, 2015 (Mauriac\u2019s homosexuality is well-documented in this book).<br \/>\n\u2013 I also read with pleasure his <em>Vie de J\u00e9sus<\/em>, Flammarion, 1936.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Jacques Nerson, \u201cMauriac et les garcons\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/bibliobs.nouvelobs.com\/essais\/20090320.BIB2343\/mauriac-et-les-garcons.html\">BibliObs<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Maritain\u2019s code\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>McCarrick (Theodore)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US cardinal.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See: Vigan\u00f2 ; US.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Elisabetta Povoledo, Sharon Otterman, \u201cCardinal Theodore McCarrick Resigns Amid Sexual Abuse Scandal\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/07\/28\/world\/europe\/cardinal-theodore-mccarrick-resigns.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 28, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 Robert Mickens, \u201cThe Catholic Church is enabling the sex abuse crisis by forcing gay priests to stay in the closet\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/\">Washington Post<\/a>, July 23, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 Heidi Schlumpf, \u201cRetired Washington cardinal out of ministry after credible abuse allegation\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/retired-washington-cardinal-out-ministry-after-credible-abuse-allegation\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a>, June 20, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>McNeill (John)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A Jesuit Theologian Specialist in Queer Theology<br \/>\n\u2013 John McNeill (1925-2015), a former Jesuit from the US, was a very influential theologian on the \u201cgay priest movement\u201d. As a psychotherapist and a theologian, he wrote seminal books that had a large impact in the LGBT priest community. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnjmcneill.com\/\">here<\/a> and the influential <a href=\"https:\/\/www.takingachanceongod.com\/\">film<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb (french and english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Medina Est\u00e9vez (Jorge)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments under Pope John Paul II.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Chile ; Karadima, Fernando; Papal visit to Chile and Peru; Sexual abuse in the Chilean church.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Born in Santiago (Chile), Medina was professor and dean of the Faculty of Theology of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. After Pinochet\u2019s coup in 1973, the military regime intervened at the university and designated an army officer as rector. Given that the regime maintained a strong dispute with Cardinal Silva Henr\u00edquez, grand chancellor of the Catholic University for his title of Archbishop of Santiago, <a href=\"http:\/\/noticias.iglesia.cl\/noticia.php?id=23482\">the military authorities requested<\/a> that the Holy See replace Silva. Medina \u2013 much closer to Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship ideas \u2013 was appointed pro-grand chancellor of the university, a previously nonexistent position. (Ascanio Cavallo, Manuel Salazar, and Oscar Sep\u00falveda, <em>La historia oculta del regimen militar<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Uqbar, 2008).<br \/>\n\u2013 In 1984, Medina was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Rancagua and consecrated in Rome by Pope John Paul II. Three years later, he was promoted to ordinary of the diocese. His designation was part of the Chilean episcopate\u2019s renewal towards a more conservative profile led by Angelo Sodano. At that time, Sodano was nuncio to Chile and backed the nomination of Medina against the wishes of the local episcopal conference. (Mary Mooney, \u201cChallenge to authority: Catholic laity in Chile and the United States 1966 \u2013 1987\u201d, a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University, 1994). Under the leadership of the Colombian Archbishop Alfonso L\u00f3pez Trujillo, Medina <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">joined the group of conservative prelates<\/a> who met in Los Andes (Chile) in 1985, to denounce liberation theology and discuss the Instruction <em>Libertatis Nuntius<\/em>. The group signed the document known as \u201cDeclaraci\u00f3n de Los Andes\u201d (Enrique Correa, and Jos\u00e9 Antonio Viera-Gallo, <em>Iglesia y dictadura<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, CESOC, 1986). \u2022 In 1992, John Paul II designated Medina secretary general for the Santo Domingo session of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (Celam), where <a href=\"https:\/\/international.la-croix.com\/news\/twilight-time-for-the-vatican-s-godfather\/7013\">he worked alongside Sodano<\/a> to dictate the meeting\u2019s final document and discard the position of the dissident bishops.<br \/>\n\u2013 After a short period as Bishop of Valpara\u00edso, Medina moved to the Roman Curia. Pope John Paul II designated Medina prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship in 1998 and elevated him to Cardinal. Medina had a decisive role in <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">banning Latin American liturgical initiatives<\/a> that promoted inculturation in indigenous populations. He also <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000a\/033100\/033100f.htm\">demanded sweeping changes<\/a> in the International Commission on English in the Liturgy, a body in charge of translating liturgical texts into English. He complained about the use of \u201cinclusive language,\u201d or gender-neutral terms, regarding that policy as unacceptably influenced by feminist thought. He retired in 2002 at the age of 75. After the 2005 papal conclave, as cardinal protodeacon, he announced to the world the election of Pope Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship.<\/strong> Medina was one of the most visible faces of the pro-Pinochet sector of the Chilean episcopate. His famous <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">quote<\/a> \u201cthe fact that democracy exists does not automatically mean that God would want it to be put into practice\u201d, pronounced a few months after the end of the dictatorship, was the first of a series of public defenses of Pinochet once the country had reestablished democracy. When Pinochet was arrested in London and indicted for human rights violations by Spanish judge Baltasar Garz\u00f3n in 1998, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1999\/02\/21\/internacional\/919551606_850215.html\">Medina actively participated<\/a> in a series of meetings at the Opus Dei headquarters in Rome to design the Vatican\u2019s strategy to support to the dictator\u2019s release. Sodano had a key role in the Holy See\u2019s intervention to pressure the British government to release the dictator for \u201chumanitarian reasons.\u201d \u2022 His efforts to free Pinochet were not the last in favor of the ruler. In 2008, Medina celebrated a mass to commemorate the second anniversary of Pinochet\u2019s death. In his homily, <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.latercera.com\/noticia\/cardenal-medina-por-muerte-de-pinochet-los-que-piden-justicia-muchas-veces-ocultan-venganza\/\">he said<\/a> that \u201cour country needs forgiveness\u201d and \u201cinstead of forgiveness, many people ask for \u2018justice\u2019, a word that is hiding an uglier one \u2013 and they don\u2019t dare to pronounce it \u2013 which is \u2018revenge.\u2019\u201d He used the same occasion to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cooperativa.cl\/noticias\/entretencion\/musica\/madonna\/cardenal-medina-lamento-el-entusiasmo-de-lujuria-que-despierta-madonna\/2008-12-10\/134527.html\">censor a Madonna concert<\/a>, \u201cthat woman who provokes with an incredible impudence a crazy enthusiasm, an enthusiasm of lust.\u201d Medina also <a href=\"http:\/\/lanacion.cl\/2007\/10\/05\/cardenal-jorge-medina-visito-a-viuda-de-pinochet\/\">visited Pinochet\u2019s widow<\/a> when she was arrested on corruption charges.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse.<\/strong> Regarding the case of the prominent Chilean priest Fernando Karadima, declared guilty of sexual abuse of minors by the Vatican, he <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cooperativa.cl\/noticias\/pais\/policial\/pedofilia\/cardenal-medina-apunto-a-victimas-de-karadima-a-los-17-anos-sabes-lo-que-haces\/2011-04-01\/130143.html\">described the cleric\u2019s actions<\/a> as simple \u201chomosexual acts\u201d and questioned the victims: \u201cA 17-year-old youngster knows what he is doing.\u201d Then he added: \u201cThere has been some exaggeration in the publicity given to these events.\u201d Medina was a regular visitor to Karadima\u2019s parish in Santiago, as well as Sodano (Juan Andr\u00e9s Guzm\u00e1n, Gustavo Villarrubia, and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, UDP, 2011). When Medina was Bishop of Valpara\u00edso, one of the closest disciples to Karadima, Juan Barros, was appointed auxiliary bishop of the diocese. Twenty-five years later, Barros would be questioned for covering up Karadima\u2019s crimes, would tarnish Pope Francis\u2019 visit to Chile, and shake the Chilean episcopate.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality: <\/strong>Medina is well-known for his harsh position against homosexuality. In relation to gay marriage, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.puntofinal.cl\/715\/gay.php\">he said in 2010<\/a>: \u201cHomosexual tendency is a defect, like a person without an eye or a foot.\u201d And supported the \u201ccure of homosexuality\u201d based on cases of \u201ccorrection\u201d he claimed to know of. Two years later, <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.latercera.com\/noticia\/cardenal-medina-compara-a-homosexuales-con-un-nino-que-nace-sin-un-brazo\/\">Medina compared<\/a> homosexuals with \u201ca child born without an arm.\u201d<br \/>\nIn 2013, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.movilh.cl\/documentacion\/carta-medina-senado-movilh-2013-2.pdf\">Medina sent a letter to the Senate<\/a> in relation to the debate of same-sex civil unions (approved in 2015). In the missive, he expressed that homosexual acts are \u201caberrant\u201d and linked \u201cviolence and crimes related to immoral sexual behaviors\u201d with this \u201cdisorder\u201d and its \u201cnegative influence on human coexistence.\u201d<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mexico<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca On Marcial Maciel<\/em><em>, see the entry: Maciel ; On Cardinal Roberto Rivera, see the entry: Rivera. On Cardinal <\/em><em>Juan Sandova I\u00f1iguez, see: Sandova.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality and the Church in Mexico\u00a0<\/strong>: During the debate on gay marriage, and given the opposition of the Church, a pro-LGBT organization made public the list of 38 religious people in Mexico who are homosexuals and promised a longer list\u00a0: Blanca Ju\u00e1rez, \u00ab\u00a0Revelan nombres de jerarcas catolicos con preferencia homosexual\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/ultimas\/2016\/09\/22\/revelan-nombres-de-jerarcas-catolicos-con-orientacion-homosexual\">La Jordana<\/a>, Sept. 22, 2016\u00a0; see also Emiliano Ruiz Parra, <em>Ovejas negras, rebeldes de la Iglesia mexicana del siglo XXI<\/em>, Oc\u00e9ano, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homosexuality in Mexican Literature. <\/strong>Homosexuality is represented in mainstream Mexican literature from the 1960s onwards. <em>El vampiro de la Colonia Roma <\/em>by Luis Zapata Quiroz is a famous example. The author of this tale is particularly identified with gay literature. Another interesting example is Carlos Monsiv\u00e1is, because he is, other than being a gay writer, a very famous one (\u201cCada vez que Monsiv\u00e1is escribe el idioma espa\u00f1ol <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sale_del_cl%C3%B3set\">sale del cl\u00f3set<\/a>\u201d<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 A story of gay culture in Mexico. It is also an anthology of literary texts that deal with homosexuality by some renowned Mexican authors. Writer Elena Poniatowska praises the book<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/2011\/10\/09\/cultura\/a04a1cul\"> in this article<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Carlos Fuentes : short novel with a homosexual special character <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bn.gov.ar\/media\/page\/a-la-vibora-de-la-mar.pdf\"><em>A la v\u00edbora de la mar<\/em><\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 Guti\u00e9rrez Farias\u2019s Affair\u00a0: Pedro Guti\u00e9rrez Farias, a Mexican priest nicknamed \u00abpapi\u00bb, created a foster home for children called \u00abCiudad de los Ni\u00f1os de Salamanca\u00bb in the northern state of Guanajuato, Mexico over 40 years ago. He is accused of having systematically abused minors in the foster home during that time. The story reached media attention thanks to the testimony of two minors who lived in the foster home. Both of them said they were raped: one of them came back from the institute with an\u00a0STD, the other one had a child. The story,\u00a0\u00a0published in the newspaper La Jornada<em>,\u00a0<\/em>spoke of sexual abuse and human trafficking with the intention of illegal adoption. Human rights activists are pushing for an official inquiry, stressing that the priest has been protected all this time by a network encompassing state authorities and Church members. The NIMA (Center for the promotion of the human rights of boys, girls, and adolescents) created a report that documents these abuses and is being filed to local authorities to spur an investigation. One of the main accusations involves 134 children who were logged into the civil registry as adopted sons and daughters of the Mexican priest.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 On Carlos Aguiar Retes (appointed by Pope Francis), the most powerful archbishop in Mexico nowadays, see this reportage on his political view\u00a0: Emiliano Ruiz Parra, \u00ab\u00a0Carlos Aguiar Retes et les \u00e9lections de 2018\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/gatopardo.com\/opinion\/emiliano-ruiz-parra\/carlos-aguiar-retes-arzobispo\/\">Gatopardo<\/a>, Dec 7, 2017. See also\u00a0articles about the opposition between Carlos Aguiar Retes, the new archbishop of Mexico (appointed by Pope Francis) and Roberto Rivera (close to Sodano), a clear break-up : <a href=\"http:\/\/wradio.com.mx\/radio\/2017\/12\/07\/nacional\/1512687117_550983.html\">W Radio\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eluniversal.com.mx\/nacion\/sociedad\/promete-aguiar-cero-tolerancia-pederastia\">Naci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radioformula.com.mx\/noticias\/mexico\/20171212\/el-arzobispo-aguiar-retes-apoya-la-ley-de-seguridad-interior-combatira-aborto-legal-en-cdmx\/\">Grupo Formula\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.animalpolitico.com\/2017\/11\/seguridad-interior-ley-puntos-clave\/\">Animal Politico\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.milenio.com\/politica\/carlos-aguiar-retes-cardenal-cercano-pena-nieto\">Milenio\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/vanguardia.com.mx\/articulo\/si-se-pudo-le-gritan-carlos-aguiar-retes-nuevo-cardenal-de-la-cdmx\">Vanguardia\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proceso.com.mx\/514243\/catolicas-llama-aguiar-retes-respetar-el-estado-laico-y-no-intervenir-en-politica\">Proceso\u00a0<\/a>; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/lasillarota.com\/opinion\/columnas\/carlos-aguiar-retes-el-nuevo-cardenal-mexicano\/126935\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Legionnaries of Christ \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Michelangelo \u2013 Michel-Ange<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Renaissance ; Leonardo da Vinci ; Caravaggio.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Michelangelo, I use Michel-Ange, <em>Sonnets<\/em>, edition by Pierre Leyris, Po\u00e9sies\/Gallimard (the foreword by Leyris develops the same-sex attraction of Michelangelo).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Michelangelo\u2019s life, I mainly use Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (especially two texts : \u201cFlorence, capitale de la culture gay\u201d, pp. 116-129 ; and \u201cDouble Italie\u201d, pp. 130-143). I have also read: Gilles N\u00e9ret, <em>Michelangelo<\/em>, Taschen, 2013 (see especially pp. 65-80) and Enrica Crispino, <em>Michel-Ange<\/em>, Gr\u00fcnd, 2010.<br \/>\n\u2013 I\u2019m not convinced by the very unsatisfactory chapter on Michelangelo by Elie Faure, <em>Histoire de l\u2019art<\/em>, 2010 (multiple editions) ; I\u2019m more interested by the pages on Michelangelo in E. H. Gombrich, <em>The Story of Art<\/em>, 1950, Pha\u00efdon, trans. Gallimard (multiple editions, see p. 312 of the French edition for his remark about statues that appears with their identity).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Middle East (Arab World)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Orient Travels.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the general situation of the Middle East, I use : Roy, L\u2019Islam mondialis\u00e9, Seuil, 2002, and Gilles Kepel, <em>Jihad<\/em>, Gallimard, 2000\u00a0; <em>Fitna, Guerre au c\u0153ur de l\u2019islam<\/em>, Gallimard, 2004 and <em>Terreur et Martyre, Relever le d\u00e9fi de la civilisation<\/em>, Flammarion, 2008.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the gay issue in the Arab world, I use\u00a0: Malek Chebel, <em>L\u2019esprit du s\u00e9rail, Mythes et pratiques sexuels au Maghreb<\/em>, Payot, 1988\u00a0; Brian Whitaker, <em>Unspeakable Love: Gay and Lesbian Life in the Middle East<\/em>, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2006, 264 p. (trans. in French : <em>Parias\u00a0: gays et lesbiens dans le monde arabe<\/em>, \u00e9d. Demopolis, 2008, 235 p)\u00a0; Joseph A. Massad, <em>Desiring Arabs<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 2007 (see the controversial text\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Re-orienting Desire\u00a0: The Gay International and the Arab world\u00a0\u00bb). On honor crimes, see Rana Husseini, <em>Murder in the name of honor, The True story of one woman\u2019s heroic fight against an unbelievable crime<\/em>, Oneworld publications, 2009, 248 p. On gay assassinations in Iraq, see\u00a0: Human Rights Watch, <em>They Want us Exterminated, Murder, Torture, Sexual Orientation and Gender in Iraq<\/em>, 67 p., New York, 2009 (report by Scott Long). On the Queen Boat scandal, see\u00a0: Nicola Pratt, \u00ab\u00a0The Queen Boat case in Egypt\u00a0: sexuality, national security and state sovereignty\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Review of International Studies<\/em>, 2007. On gay life in Egypt and Jordan, the biography of the artist Ali Jabri is interesting : Amal Ghandour, <em>About this Man Called Ali\u00a0: The Purple Life of an Arab artist<\/em>, London, Eland, 2009.<em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Iran, which is a Muslim country but not an Arab one, see\u00a0: Malise Ruthven, \u00ab\u00a0Divided Iran on the Eve\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The New York Review of Books<\/em>, July 2 2009\u00a0; Roger Cohen, \u00ab\u00a0Iran\u00a0: The Tragedy &amp; the Future\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New York Review of Books<\/em>, August 13 2009\u00a0; Elaine Sciolino, <em>Persian Mirrors, The Elusive face of Iran<\/em>, Free Press, 2000. On Iranian society, see\u00a0: Farhad Khosrokhavar, <em>Avoir vingt ans au pays des ayatollahs<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 2009 (see especially the chapter \u00ab\u00a0Vouloir \u00eatre de l\u2019autre sexe\u00a0\u00bb, pp. 189-199) ; Shahram Khosravi, <em>Young and Defiant in Tehran<\/em> (2007). On sexuality in Iran, see\u00a0: Janet Afary, <em>Sexual Politics in Modern Iran<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2009. For Ahmadinejad\u2019s quotes about no homosexuals existing in Iran, see the video by CNN and the <em>Washington Post<\/em> article (Sept 24, 2007) and see also the profile of his chief of staff, Esfandier Mashai : \u00ab\u00a0The president\u2019s awkward friend\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The Economist<\/em>, Sept 11, 2010. On the use of the death penalty against LGBT people, see the report by the Iran Human Rights\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.iranhrdc.org\/english\/publications\/3420-executions-in-iran.%20html#.UQ2CIuiP07A\">here<\/a>) and also Scott Long, \u00ab\u00a0Unbearable witness\u00a0: how Western activists (mis)recognize sexuality in Iran\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Contemporary Politics<\/em>, Vol. 15, N\u00b01, Mars 2009, pp. 119-136.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Pope\u2019s diplomats\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mokrzycki (Mieczys<\/strong><strong>\u0142<\/strong><strong>aw)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Polish Archbishop<br \/>\n\u2013 A polish priest, born in 1961, who became the second personal secretary of John Paul II (deputy of Mgr. Stanislaw Dziwish). Later, he was consecrated bishop and he is now the archbishop of Lviv in the Ukraine and president of the Ukranian Episcopal conference.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 coll\u00e8ge\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Montalembert (Charles de)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Catholic politician<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See Henri Lacordaire<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Politician, journalist, and a Catholic liberal intellectual, Montalembert (1810-1870) was one of the founders of the law on the freedom of schools (Loi Falloux) in favor of Catholic schools.<br \/>\n\u2013 He was a close friend of the Dominican priest Henri Lacordaire (1802-1861). The recently published correspondence between Montalembert and Henri Lacordaire by Le Cerf publisher, in 1989, confirms their homosexuality and their long-term love affair (read the explicit preface by Jos\u00e9 Cabanis). In his novel <em>Volupt\u00e9<\/em>, Sainte Beuve had already described the homosexuality of Lacordaire under a pseudonym.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Montherlant (Henry de)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer.<br \/>\n\u2013 The biography on Montherlant by Pierre Sipriot, <em>Montherlant sans masques<\/em>, Robert Laffont, two volumes: Vol. 1, L\u2019Enfant prodigue, 1982 ; Vol. 2, Ecris avec ton sang, 1990 (reedition in paperback in a single volume, Livre de Poche).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also, Angelo Rinaldi, \u201cHenry de Montherlant : pour deux pages d\u2019un vrai sto\u00efcien ?\u201d, L\u2019Express, 16 avril 1973 and Dominique Fernandez, Le Rapt de Ganym\u00e8de, Grasset, 1989 (especially the chapter \u201cLe Don Juan de Montherlant\u201d).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Maritain\u2019s Code\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Moraglia (Francesco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Patriarch of Venice<br \/>\n\u2013 \u201cMoraglia: no to gay marriage, ok to gay rights\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilgazzettino.it\/nordest\/venezia\/monsignor_moraglia_unioni_gay_patriarca_venezia-%20662453.html\">Alvise Sperandio<\/a> (Newspaper: Il Gazzettino), 26\/10\/2014\u00a0: Moraglia thinks that marriage is only between a man and a woman but he\u2019s in favor of a recognition of rights for gay couples (for example, social security benefits and other private law rights).<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cMoraglia: it is essential to have man and woman\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vvox.it\/2015\/08\/19\/gay-patriarca-venezia-uomo-e-donna-essenziali\/\">VVox<\/a>, August 19, 2015\u00a0: \u00abA Catholic needs to follow what Pope Francis said: woman and man are different, a \u2018gender theory\u2019 [in Italy there was a big debate about this] according to which there isn\u2019t a natural difference between the two genders is not admissible.\u00bb<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cSex scandal, Moraglia: we want to know the truth\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/nuovavenezia.gelocal.it\/venezia\/cronaca\/2017\/01\/28\/news\/don-orgia-parla-il-patriarca-moraglia-%20rabbia-serve-un-operazione-verita-1.14786152\">Nuova Venezia<\/a>, Jan 28, 2017. Near Padua (15 km from Venice) a priest has been accused of sexual assault by a woman. The police also found out that there were orgies organized by this priest in his parish.\u2028Moraglia said that he was angry and these behaviors, if confirmed, were not Christian. He also said that people who want to be priests need to be double-checked during their time in the seminary.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cThe Church of Venice against prostitution\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafedequotidiana.it\/patriarca-venezia-moraglia-chiede-sanzionare-clienti-delle-prostitute\/\">radiovaticana<\/a>)\u00a0: in this interview Mgr Moraglia explains the actions of the Church of Venice against prostitution. He said that the clients need to be prosecuted.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cAbout gay rights and discriminations, Moraglia: we respect rights but no to gay education in school\u201d, (<a href=\"https:\/\/corrieredelveneto.corriere.it\/veneto\/notizie\/cronaca\/2014\/12-febbraio-2014\/moraglia-rispettiamo-diritti-ma-fiabe-non-distribuirei-2224060924263.shtml\">Corriere del Veneto<\/a>), Feb 12, 2014\u00a0: the City of Venice decided to distribute books with fairy tales against discrimination in public schools. Moraglia said this was inappropriate because, even though it\u2019s important to fight discrimination, society is founded upon the idea of a \u201cnatural family\u201d. His opinion is that if someone is gay it\u2019s a \u201ccultural choice\u201d, they can have rights but the man-woman family is more important.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Morini (Gianluca)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former priest based in Massa Carrara, alias Don Euro<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Francesco Mangiacapra<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 The main scandal broke in 2015, when the escort Mangiacapra sent all the email he had exchanged with Morini to the newspaper <em>La Nazione<\/em> and the local Curia, which opened an investigation. Mangiacapra detailed all he knew about the priest, his expensive travels, how he loved using cocaine and paying men to have sex. Don Euro, as he was called before his identity became known to the public, used to introduce himself as a wealthy magistrate, not as a priest (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2015\/05\/16\/massa-carrara-sacerdote-si-spacciava-per-giudice-sesso-e-cocaina-in-vacanza\/1690596\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>). In November 2015, the case became bigger when the TV show \u201cLe Iene\u201d did a segment on Don Euro, interviewing him thanks to the help of another young escort, Angelo (see <a href=\"https:\/\/tv.fanpage.it\/a-le-iene-un-prete-gay-che-si-finge-giudice-per-fare-sesso-e-assumere-cocaina\/\">here<\/a>). In February 2018, it emerged that the priest had used money from parishioners to pay for his vices (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iene.mediaset.it\/2018\/news\/don-euro-non-e-piu-sacerdote_71561.shtml\">here<\/a>). Since March 2018 he is no longer a priest. The decision was made by the Congregation for the Clergy following the scandal and following the request for indictment made by the Italian authorities. He will probably go on trial in Massa Carrara (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iene.mediaset.it\/2018\/news\/don-euro-non-e-piu-sacerdote_71561.shtml\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Roma Termini \u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Moro (Aldo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Prime Minister of Italy (1974-1976)<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 On Aldo Moro, the bibliography is important, especially since he was kidnapped in 1978 and then assassined after 55 days of captivity by the Red Brigades. I read Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015. On Aldo Moro\u2019s life, I also saw the interesting movie <em>Todo modo<\/em> by Elio Petri (released two years before the assassination).<br \/>\n\u2013 Aldo Moro was known to be a close personal friend of Pope Paul VI. The Pope asked him to act when the rumor about his homosexuality was made public.<br \/>\n\u2013 Both the movie by Elio Petri, <em>Todo modo<\/em>, and Posner\u2019s book suggest the possibility of of Aldo Moro\u2019s \u201chomophily\u201d. Several other books and articles suggested the same idea.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Mozart<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On the life of Mozart and the ambiguities of his sexuality, I use Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (see three texts : \u201cApollon Pothos\u201d, \u201cHyacinthe chang\u00e9 en fleur\u201d and \u201cLes masques du s\u00e9ducteur Dom Juan\u201d).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the important article : Alex Ross, The Storm of Style, Listening to the complete Mozart, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2006\/07\/24\/the-storm-of-style\">The New Yorker<\/a>, July 24, 2006.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>M\u00fcller (Gerhard Ludwig)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 German Cardinal and former head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith<br \/>\n\u2013 An orthodox and anti-Francis cardinal, M\u00fcller, then 69, was fired by Pope Francis in July 2017. He was immediately replaced by his deputy, Archbishop Luis Ladaria, 73, a Spanish Jesuit theologian.<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal Gerhard M\u00fcller, <em>Informe sobre la esperanza<\/em>, Madrid, 2016 ; trans. in French : <em>Entretien sur l\u2019esp\u00e9rance, Dialogue avec Carlos Granados<\/em>, Parole et Silence, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 M\u00fcller and liberation theology : see the interesting debate between Gustavo Gutierrez and Cardinal M\u00fcller : G. Guti\u00e9rrez, G.L. M\u00fcller, <em>Dalla parte dei poveri. Teologia della liberazione, teologia della Chiesa<\/em>, Edizioni Messaggero-EMI, Padoue, 2013 (trans. in English\u00a0:\u00a0<em>On The Side of the Poor. The Theology of Liberation<\/em>, Orbis Book, 2015 ; trans. in French\u00a0: <em>Aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des pauvres : l&#8217;Eglise et la th\u00e9ologie de la lib\u00e9ration<\/em>, Bayard, 2014). See also, on this question, a rebuttal by <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/135058975af.html?fr=y\">Sandro Magister<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0Paix conclue entre M\u00fcller et Guti\u00e9rrez. Mais Bergoglio n\u2019est pas d\u2019accord\u201d, <em>Espresso<\/em>, Sept 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 M\u00fcller was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI, before his resignation. He was an ideological conservative, especially on the issues of homosexuality, abortion, and women in the Church. To understand his biography and enigma, see : Edmund Waldsein, \u201cPanzerkardinal; or the Enigma of Bishop Gerhard Ludwig\u00a0M\u00fcller\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/sancrucensis.wordpress.com\/2012\/07\/03\/panzerkardinal-or-the-enigma-of-bishop-gerhard-ludwig-muller\/\">Sancrucensis<\/a>, July 3, 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 Cardinal M\u00fcller has been sometimes criticized for being soft on the question of sexual abuses. When the Pope proposed creating a tribunal for bishops who mishandled sexual abuse cases, Cardinal M\u00fcller declared that the idea had \u201clegal\u201d difficulties, and the tribunal never came to be (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/01\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-doctrine-mueller.html\">here<\/a>). Some organizations have accused M\u00fcller of wrongdoings as the Vatican anti-pedophilia tsar, on abuse cases. Marie Collins, a key figure in the battle against pedophilia in Ireland, criticized Cardinal M\u00fcller for playing down complaints (see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/07\/04\/le-pape-francois-remplace-le-cardinal-muller-gardien-des-m-urs-de-l-eglise_5155231_3214.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Interview \u201cHomophobia is a Hoax\u201d, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newwaysministry.org\/2018\/05\/25\/former-vatican-official-homophobia-is-a-hoax-that-serves-to-threaten-people\/\">here<\/a>. And \u201cCardinal M\u00fcller clarifies : There are \u2018no exceptions\u2019 to ban on Communion for \u2018remarried\u2019\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/cardinal-mueller-clarifies-there-are-no-exceptions-to-ban-on-communion-for\">Lifesite<\/a>, Nov 8, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 N \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Napier (Wilfrid Fox)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 South African cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Africa, Robert Sarah, AIDS<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On Napier\u2019s anti-gay policies, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mambaonline.com\/2013\/04\/12\/archbishop-of-durban-africa-being-enslaved-to-accept-gays\/\">here<\/a>. And a reaction by Peter Machen, a writer and Durban film festival director, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iol.co.za\/news\/cardinal-makes-an-anti-gay-gaffe-1499947\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 His anti-condom and AIDS position : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicsforchoice.org\/issues_publications\/the-catholic-bishops-and-condoms-statements-and-actions-opposing-condom-use-as-part-of-an-hiv-prevention-strategy\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Wilfrid Napier criticizing gay activities in the Church (<a href=\"https:\/\/lesalonbeige.blogs.com\/my_weblog\/2018\/08\/le-cardinal-wilfrid-napier-accuse-l-activit%C3%A9-homosexuelle-au-sein-de-leglise.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s diplomats \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 O \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>O\u2019Brien (Edwin)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US cardinal<br \/>\n\u2013 Edwin O\u2019Brien, the Baltimore archbishop, was rector of the Pontifical North American College in Rome and former military chaplain in the US. He is currently the Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.<br \/>\n\u2013 Christine Niles, \u201cHomosexual Ring in NY Archdiocese Reaches Highest Levels\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchmilitant.com\/news\/article\/source-ny-vicar-general-leader-of-gay-ring-in-archdiocese\">ChurchMilitant<\/a>, March 7, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 SNAP\u2019s association of victim of sexual abuse intervention against Edwin O\u2019Brien (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.snapnetwork.org\/snap_criticizes_promotion_of_baltimore_s_catholic_archbishop\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du Genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>O\u2019Brien (Keith)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former cardinal from Scotland (resigned)<br \/>\n\u2013 Biography : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/mar\/19\/cardinal-keith-o-brien-obituary\">The Guardian<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Keith O\u2019Brien see : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Oliva (Adriano)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Dominican priest.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Thomas Aquinas<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Italian priest from the Dominican Convent of Paris. He is in charge of the \u201cCommission Leonine\u201d and he coordinates the critical edition of Saint Thomas d\u2019Aquinas.<br \/>\n\u2013 He published <em>L\u2019Amicizia pi\u00f9 grande. Un contributo teologico alle questioni sui divorziati risposati e sulle coppie omosessuali,<\/em> \u00c9d. Nerbini, 2015 ; trans. in French : <em>Amours, l\u2019Eglise, les divorc\u00e9s remari\u00e9s, les couples homosexuels<\/em>, \u00c9ditions du Cerf, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 Some reactions : Thibault Colin, \u201cUn thomisme gay? Sur une l\u00e9gitimation des unions homosexuelles\u201d, blog, on the <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophe-chretien.blogs.la-croix.com\/un-thomisme-gay-sur-une-legitimation-des-unions-homosexuelles\/2015\/11\/09\/\">La Croix<\/a> website, Nov 9, 2015 (unofficial blog) ; Henri Donneaud (a Dominican), \u201cQuestions disput\u00e9es sur l\u2019essence et les fins du mariage selon Thomas d\u2019Aquin\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revuethomiste.fr\/la-revue-thomiste\/nos-publications\/4807-article-cxv-4-0-0\">Revue Thomiste<\/a>, July 7, 2016 ; \u201cAquinas and homosexuality\u201d, Five dominicans respond to Adriano Oliva, 11 Dec., 2015 (from the Angelecum in Rome, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.firstthings.com\/web-exclusives\/2015\/12\/aquinas-homosexuality\">here<\/a>). For a long point of view in favor of Adriano Oliva, see : Camille de Belloy in <em>Revue des Sciences philosophiques et th\u00e9ologiques<\/em> and \u201cComment Saint Thomas justifie l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9\u201d, <em>Le Point<\/em>, Dec 17, 2015.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Opus Dei<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Spain<\/em><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 On the history of Opus Dei, see : Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cLa Sainte secte de Dieu\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 The Opus Dei is not the subject of my book. However, the gay issue has been very often discussed in link with this very conservative catholic organization : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latercera.com\/noticia\/bbc-opus-dei-vs-opus-gay-la-disputa-que-causa-controversia-en-chile\/\">BBC Mundi<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.periodistadigital.com\/religion\/america\/2015\/04\/22\/opus-gay-el-nombre-que-causa-controversia-juridica-en-chile-religion-iglesia.shtml\">Periodista Digital<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Orient Travels<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>(\u201cVoyage en Orient\u201d in the XIX<sup>th<\/sup> century)<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: Sodom ; Dead Sea (The) ; Middle East and Arab World.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>General readings<\/strong> : Edward Said, <em>L&#8217;orientalisme : L&#8217;Orient cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l&#8217;Occident<\/em>, Seuil, 2005\u00a0; <em>Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World<\/em>, Vintage, 1997 and <em>Culture et Imp\u00e9rialisme<\/em>, Fayard, 2000. On identities see Amin Maalouf, <em>Les Identit\u00e9s meurtri\u00e8res<\/em>, Le livre de poche, 2001.<br \/>\n\u2013 On \u00ab\u00a0chr\u00e9tiens d\u2019orient\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: Christian Cannuyer, <em>Les Coptes<\/em> ; Herman Teule, <em>Les Assyro-Chald\u00e9ens<\/em> (Collection \u00abLes Fils d&#8217;Abraham\u00bb, Ed Brepols)\u00a0; Emilios Inglessis, <em>Maximos IV, L&#8217;Orient conteste l&#8217;Occident<\/em>, Cerf, 1969\u00a0; Andrea Pacini, \u00abLes communaut\u00e9s chr\u00e9tiennes dans le monde musulman arabe\u00bb, <em>Revue Proche Orient Chr\u00e9tien<\/em>, 1997\u00a0; Bernard Heyberger, <em>Les Chr\u00e9tiens au Proche-Orient. De la compassion \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension<\/em>, Payot, 2013,<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Ch\u00e2teaubriand<\/strong> (1806-1807) : <em>Itin\u00e9raire de Paris \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem<\/em>, Gallimard, 2005 (for the Dead Sea and Sodom, see : Part III, pp. 261-334)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Lamartine<\/strong> (1832-1833) : <em>Voyage en Orient<\/em>, Gallimard, 2011 (for the Dead Sea, see : \u201cBords du Jourdain, au-del\u00e0 de la plaine de J\u00e9richo, \u00e0 quelques lieux de l\u2019embouchure du fleuve dans la mer Morte\u201d, pp. 407-412).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Gustave<\/strong> <strong>Flaubert<\/strong> (1849-1851) : <em>Voyage en Orient<\/em>, Gallimard, 2006 (for the Dead Sea, see: pp. 245-280). For the bisexual relations of Flaubert in Orient, see Michel Winock, Flaubert, Gallimard, 2013. See also his extraordinary letters : Flaubert, Correspondance, ed. by Bernard Masson, Gallimard, 1975, reed. Folio, 1995 (the letter about Sodome is to Theophile Gautier on August 13, 1850).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Maxime du Camp<\/strong> (1849-1851) : du Camp travelled with Flaubert and published its interesting notes : <em>Souvenirs et paysages d\u2019Orient<\/em>, pub. Arthus Bertrand, 1848. See also the photo album : <em>Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie. Dessins photographiques recueillis pendant les ann\u00e9es 1849, 1850 et 1851.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Ernest Renan<\/strong> (1860-1861 &amp; 1864-1865) : See <em>Vie de J\u00e9sus<\/em>, Calmann-L\u00e9vy, 1867 ; <em>Souvenirs d\u2019enfance et de jeunesse<\/em>, Calmann-L\u00e9vy, 1883.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Rimbaud<\/strong> (he did not go to the Dead Sea) : A TRADUIRE : Bien que ce fut l\u2019un de ses r\u00eaves, Rimbaud n\u2019ira pas ni en Palestine, ni en Syrie, ni en Arabie (mais en \u00c9gypte, au Y\u00e9men et en Abyssinie)\u00a0: sa passion pour l\u2019Orient n\u2019en est que plus vive, comme l\u2019attestent sa correspondance, sa c\u00e9l\u00e8bre formule \u00ab\u00a0l\u2019Orient, la patrie primitive\u00a0\u00bb, et la \u00ab\u00a0ligne des orients\u00a0\u00bb de ses <em>Illuminations<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Pierre<\/strong> <strong>Loti<\/strong> (in 1894) : See <em>Voyages au Moyen-Orient<\/em>, Arthaud, 2012 (the mention of Sodom in his trip to the Dead Sea is in the part II, \u201cJerusalem\u201d, April 8th, 1894, pp. 270-277).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Marcel Proust<\/strong> : He never travelled to the Dead Sea or Sodom but he wrote one of the main novel on the subject : <em>A la recherch\u00e9 du temps perdu<\/em>, Part V. : <em>Sodome et Gomorrhe,<\/em> 1921-1922, reed Gallimard, 1989 (on the history of Sodom, see the beautiful pages pp. 32-33). See also : \u201cChoses d\u2019Orient\u201d, in Marcel Proust, Chroniques, L\u2019Imaginaire\/Gallimard, 1927.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>For an overall view on \u201cLe Voyage en Orient\u201d<\/strong>, see Jean-Claude Berchet, <em>Le Voyage en Orient, Anthologie des voyageurs fran\u00e7ais dans le Levant au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1985 (see Part V, pp. 587-816).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Pope\u2019s diplomats\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ormando (Alfredo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian seminarist and writer<br \/>\n\u2013 As a catholique, Alfredo Ormando went in a Franciscan seminar and left to become writer. He wrote a trilogy\u00a0: <em>Il Dubbio<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Escluso<\/em> et <em>Sotto il cielo d\u2019Urano<\/em> and a novel\u00a0: <em>Il Fratacchione<\/em> (le gros moine) in 1995. Obsessed with homosexuality, he killed himself in 1998 on San Peter Plazza near the Vatican to protest the position of the church on homosexuality. See\u00a0: Alfredo Ormando, <em>Vagiti primaverili: poesie<\/em>, Pietraperzia, Di Prima, 1986\u00a0; <em>Il monte incantato e altre fiabe<\/em>, 1998\u00a0; <em>Il fratacchione<\/em>, Palermo, Publisicula, 1995\u00a0; <em>L&#8217;escluso; Sotto il cielo di Urano; Epigrammi priaprei e non; Aforismi<\/em>, 1998.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ortega (Jaime)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Emeritus of Habana.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca On Ortega, see the entry: Cuba.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>OSCAD<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca Voir: Police<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ouellet (Marc)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Canada<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover up : Cardinal Donald Wuerl has been criticized in the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Vigano\u2019s Memo ; he is also mentionned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>). On Cardinal Ouellet, see also : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gatheringin Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 26, 2013. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/603335\/liste-snap-douze-salopards-scandales-pedophilie\">Radio Canada<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/torontosun.com\/2013\/03\/07\/abuse-victims-criticize-que-cardinal-marc-ouellet\/wcm\/53b182dd-a907-4b51-9611-ebdfa37fd4a7\">The Toronto Sun<\/a>. (Some media outlets also criticize the fact that Cardinal Ouellet\u2019s brother <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/world\/pope\/2013\/03\/12\/marc_cardinal_ouellets_brother_has_sexabuse_convictions.html\">has sex-abuse convictions<\/a>, but that\u2019s not a relevant information to judge the cardinal).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synode\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 P \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Paglia (Vincenzo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian archbishop<br \/>\n\u2013 Paglia is the president of the Pontifical Academy for Life. Earlier, he was in charge of the Pontifical Council for Family. He co-founded the Community of Sant\u2019Egidio.<br \/>\n\u2013 Numerous articles have been written by the right-wing medias about the prelate Vincenzo Paglia apparearing himself (supposedly) in a cathedral mural, clutching another semi-nude man (See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/top-vatican-official-gay-sex-in-vatican-never-been-worse-than-under-francis\">LifeStyle<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4>Parolin (Pietro)<\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Pope Francis<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Cardinal. Secretary of State of pope Francis.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 See : \u00abThe Vatican, the priest, the lawyer of Netanyahu : billion dollar real estate scandal\u00bb, by Emiliano Fittipaldi, <a href=\"http:\/\/espresso.repubblica.it\/inchieste\/2019\/03\/11\/news\/the-vatican-the-priest-the-lawyer-of-netanyahu-the-2-billion-dollar-real-estate-scandal-1.332491\">Espresso<\/a>, March 19, 2019.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pasolini<\/strong><strong> (Pier Paolo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian movie director.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Pasolini, I use the biography by Enzo Siciliano, <em>Une Vie<\/em>, 1978, translation in French, ed. la Difference, 1983\u00a0; I also make small use of a short (and poor) biography by Ren\u00e9 de Ceccatty, Gallimard, Folio, 2005.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pedacchio<\/strong><strong> (Fabian)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Personal secretary of Pope Francis<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 He came to Rome in 2007 thanks to Cardinal Bergoglio and started working at the Congregation for Bishops. He had a profile on Badoo where he used his real name \u201cFabi\u00e1n Pedacchio, 49, Man\u201d. He wrote that he loved the Opera, Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez\u2019s books, and Pedro Almod\u00f3var\u2019s movies. He said he dated a few girls when he was young. (the profile <a href=\"https:\/\/badoo.com\/es\/fabian.pedacchio\/photos\/\">here<\/a>, which has been deleted). See also <a href=\"http:\/\/pagina-catolica.blogspot.it\/2013\/11\/secretario-papal-en-sitio-non-sancto.html\">here<\/a>. And for background, <a href=\"https:\/\/infovaticana.com\/2013\/10\/02\/quien-es-fabian-pedacchio-leaniz\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/infovaticana.it\/2015\/05\/28\/fabian-pedacchio-segretario-personale-di-papa-francesco\/\">here<\/a>. (Pedacchio denied the Badoo account being his).<br \/>\n\u2013 On February 5<sup>th<\/sup>, 2007 he was made Commander Order of Merit of the Italian Republic by the President of the Italian Republic on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers when the President visited Benedict XVI. A bunch of people were ordained that day (<a href=\"http:\/\/presidenza.governo.it\/onorificenze_araldica\/onorificenze\/documenti\/anno%202007.pdf\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 He is involved with a voluntary association Mani Guanelliane di Provvidenza in Cosenza, as attested by this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/826592804113014\/photos\/a.826596347445993.1073741827.826592804113014\/833142533458041\/?type=3&amp;theater\">Facebook<\/a> page and this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/826592804113014\/photos\/a.826596347445993.1073741827.826592804113014\/832727016832926\/?type=3&amp;theater\">one<\/a>.<br \/>\n&#8211; In 2011, he took part in the <a href=\"https:\/\/press.vatican.va\/content\/salastampa\/it\/bollettino\/pubblico\/2011\/06\/24\/0393\/01001.html\">signing<\/a> of the agreement bewteen the Holy See and Montenegro.<br \/>\n\u2013 He has been a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.saintanna.ru\/?lang=eng&amp;id=53\">member<\/a> of the Order of Saint Stanislaus since 2011.<br \/>\n\u00ad\u2013 See also these articles : <a href=\"http:\/\/m.dagospia.com\/l-uragano-bergoglio-travolge-la-curia-non-c-egrave-pi-ugrave-spazio-per-gli-affari-58857\">Dagospia<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/1350573.html\">Espresso<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Qui suis-je pour juger\u00a0?\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Who I m to judge\u00a0?\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Peeters (Marguerite)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Cardinal Sarah.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u2013 A Belgian anti-gender activist.<em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 See the preface by Cardinal Sarah of Marguerite Peeters, <em>Le Gender, Une norme mondiale ? Pour un discernement<\/em>, \u00e9d. Mame, 2013 (pp. 1-6). See also : Marguerite Peeters, <em>La mondialisation de la revolution culturelle occidentale<\/em>, Institute for InterculturDialogue Dynamics,<\/p>\n<p>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Pope\u2019s diplomats\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pell (George<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Australian cardinal.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Cardinal and Prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy of the Vatican. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/headed-court-cardinal-pell-no-stranger-controversy\">Here<\/a> is a good biography of the cardinal and the charges against him in Australia.<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse and cover-up scandals : hundreds of articles have been written in Australia and around the world on this issue, related to Cardinal Pell. For background information : Debi Marshall, \u201cThe girls, the paedophile and Cardinal Pell\u201d, SBS (not available online, see here <a href=\"https:\/\/donaldelley.wordpress.com\/2017\/06\/28\/the-girls-the-paedophile-and-cardinal-pell\/\">from a blog copy<\/a>) ;<br \/>\nFor the alleged cover-up : see Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 ; \u201cChild Abuse : 7 % of Australian Catholic priests alleged to be involved\u201d, BBC, 6 fev 2017 ; Adam Cooper, \u201cPell hearing to be heard behind closed doors\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecourier.com.au\/story\/5117180\/pell-hearing-to-be-heard-behind-closed-doors\/\">The Courier<\/a>, Dec 12, 2017 ; See also : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/australia-news\/2017\/jun\/29\/cardinal-george-pell-charged-with-multiple-sexual-offences\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theage.com.au\/national\/victoria\/brief-of-evidence-against-cardinal-george-pell-returned-to-prosecutors-20170206-gu6jy8.html\">The Age<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/30\/world\/australia\/cardinal-george-pell-trial-sexual-abuse.html\">New York Times<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/press.vatican.va\/content\/salastampa\/it\/bollettino\/pubblico\/2017\/06\/29\/0459\/01028.html\">Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/28\/world\/australia\/cardinal-george-pell-charged-sexual-abuse.html\">New York Times<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/asie-pacifique\/article\/2017\/06\/29\/l-argentier-du-vatican-inculpe-en-australie-pour-sevices-sexuels-sur-enfants_5152732_3216.html\">Le Monde<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2018-03-23\/george-pell-committal-hearing-under-the-water-court-told\/9579806?pfmredir=sm\">ABC<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Vigan\u00f2 Memo and SNAP : Cardinal George Pell has been criticized in the Vigan\u00f2 Memo in August 2018 (here the original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">English<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a>) ; he is also mentioned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors&#8217; Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Peru<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 For an overview of the situation in Peru, see : Lester Feder, \u201cThe Congressman, The Cardinal and the Peruvian Closet\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/lesterfeder\/the-congressman-the-cardinal-and-the-peruvian-closet\">Buzzfeed<\/a>, Dec 7, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 The main scandal in Peru concerns \u201cThe Sodalicio\u201d, an arm of Opus Dei in Peru (officially called \u201cSodalitium Christianae Vitae\u201d), which has been criticized for sexual abuse. The founder of the Sodalicio, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luis_Fernando_Figari\">Luis Fernando Figari<\/a>, has been sanctioned by the Vatican. See the important book by Pedro Salinas, <em>Mitad Monjes, Mitad Soldados, Todo lo que el Sodalicio No quiere que sepas<\/em>, Planeta (<em>Half Monks, Half Soldiers<\/em> ; the book was written with Paola Ugaz).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the tensions between the pro-LGBT mayor of Lima, Susana Vill\u00e0ran, and the Cardinal Juan Luis Cipriani (<a href=\"https:\/\/diariocorreo.pe\/politica\/rafael-rey-fue-poco-grato-que-susana-villaran-participe-en-marcha-gay-480949\/\">Source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Strange houseold \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Peyrefitte<\/strong> (<strong>Roger<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer<br \/>\n\u2013 On the rumor concerning the homosexuality of Pius XII and Paul VI see: Magazine <em>Lui<\/em>, 1976 ; see also <em>Propos secrets<\/em>, tome 1, 1977 ; tome 2, 1980, Albin Michel.<br \/>\n\u2013 Without modern journalistic ethics, Roger Peyrefitte mentions his main source on the homosexuality of Pius XII and Paul VI : Mgr <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Gromier\">L\u00e9on Gromier<\/a> \u201cchanoine de Saint-Pierre, Consulteur \u00e0 la Sacr\u00e9e Congr\u00e9gation des Rites et Protonotaire apostolique\u201d (Propos Secrets, vol. 1, 1977, p. 243).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also, Roger Peyrefitte, <em>Des Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>, Flammarion, 1970 ; <em>Tableaux de chasse<\/em>, Albin Michel, 1976 and his novels <em>Les Cl\u00e9s de Saint Pierre<\/em>, Flammarion, 1955 <em>and La Soutane rouge<\/em>, 1987 (Montini-Paul VI appears under pseudonym in the book). See, Angelo Rinaldi, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, 25 juillet 1977.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Piacenza<\/strong> (<strong>Mauro<\/strong>)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the debate on Vatileaks, see Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (chapter 27 ; not translated into English nor Italian ; the book has been panned by the Pope\u2019s spokesman, Federico Lombardi, who considers it \u00ab seriously misleading \u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2013 On his links with the nuncio Balestrero, see \u201cL\u2019ex nunzio Balestrero \u201cconsolato\u201d dal cardinale Piacenza. Grazie a Dio c\u2019\u00e8 Papa Francesco\u201d: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.farodiroma.it\/lex-nunzio-balestrero-consolato-dal-cardinale-piacenza-grazie-a-dio-ce-papa-francesco\/\">Farodi Roma<\/a>, Nov 3, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Piechota<\/strong><strong> (Lech)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Personal Assistant of Cardinal Bertone<br \/>\n\u2013 He is part of Tarcisio Bertone\u2019s closest entourage, according to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2013\/10\/14\/esteri\/vatican-insider\/it\/le-ultime-firme-di-bertone-da-domani-arriva-parolin-g8ZPlsmEgOTRk2EOEmRAzJ\/pagina.html\">La Stampa<\/a> (2013)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Vice-Pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Vice-Pope\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Poland<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Dziwisz (Stanislaw) ; Solidarnosc ; Pope John Paul II ; Glodz (Slawoj Leszek) ; Mokrzycki (Mieczyslaw) ; Przydatek (Casimiro) etc.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Poland<\/strong>, I use mainly : David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory, Inside the Dark Heart of John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers, 2007 ; Jacek Moskwa, <em>Tajemnice Konklawe 1978<\/em>, Znak Ed. [in Polish], and Miroslaw Wlek\u0142y, <em>All Inclusive, Raj, w. Ktorym seks jest bogiem<\/em>, Agora, Warsaw, 2015 [in Polish, with a translation provided by the author]. On the overall context of LGBT rights in Poland, see : Philippe M. Ayoub, \u201cWith Arms Wide Shut : Threat Perception, Norm Reception and Mobilized Resistance to LGBT Rights\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/14754835.2014.919213\">Journal of Human Rights<\/a>, 13:337-362, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On John-Paul II\u2019s Poland<\/strong>, see : Bernard Lecomte, Les Secrets du Vatican, Perrin, 2009 ; reed. Tempus, 2011 (see pp. 227-251). See also : Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9 Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 (especially on Dziwisz).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the possible funding of Solidarnosc<\/strong> : I mainly use the book by Fabio Marchese Ragona, <em>Il Caso Marcinkus<\/em>, Chiarelettere, 2018 (on the funding of Solidarnosc, the book suggests that over one billion dollars was transferred from\/by the Vatican to Solidarnosc in the 1980s ; Archbishop Marcinkus, Stanislaw Dziwisz and the Polish Jesuit priest Casimiro Przydatek might have been the main architects of the transfers ; see pp. 118-130). See also : Franca Giansoldati, <em>Il Demonio in Vaticano I Legionari di Cristo e Il caso Maciel<\/em>, Edizioni Piemme Spa, 2014, trans. in French : <em>L\u2019Affaire Maciel<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2015 (in this influential book, Giansoldati reveals the exchange of money between Marcial Maciel and the Vatican) ; Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 ; Gianluigi Nuzzi, Vaticano S.p.A, Chiarelettere, 2009 ; trans. in French : Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandales au Vatican (he describes the account of the Foundation Cardinal Francis Spellan) ; or David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory : Inside the Dark Heart of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, 2009 (who suggests that more than 100 million dollars were sent to Solidarnosc by the Vatican of John-Paul II) ; see also \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159). See also on the links between Stanislaw Dziwisz and Marcial Maciel : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnthavis.com\/),\">John Thavis<\/a>, \u201cThe Vatican diaries\u201d which discusses Dziwisz\u2019s contacts with the Legionaries of Christ and Marcial Maciel. In respect to the financial support of Solidarnosc by Legionaries, see this article by <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> (in Polish) : the author writes: \u201cIn all probability Maciel supports Solidarnosc in Poland. That was the reason for the friendship with John Paul II. Each time his sins have been neutralized. Over and over as the new documents reach the Vatican, the old ones had already been forgotten.\u201d In this article he writes that he made use of the following books: \u00abLa Iglesia del silencio. De m\u00e1rtires y pederastas\u00bb, \u00abMarcial Maciel. La historia de un criminal\u00bb and \u00abLa voluntad de no saber\u00bb. (See above : Marcial Maciel.) See also : Vatican help for communist Poland (Pomoc Watykanu dla komunistycznej Polski)<strong> : <\/strong>About how John Paul II supposedly sent 150 million dollars for the needs of the Church and Solidarity in Poland between 1981-1989 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrozka.com.pl\/tajemnice\/tajemnice-watykanu\/4603-szmal-plynie-do-kosciola\">source<\/a>). President Lech Walesa says that Solidarity received money from the Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/fakty.interia.pl\/swiat\/news-tajemnice-watykanskiej%20pomocy-dla-solidarnosci,nId,856105\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On sexual abuse in Poland<\/strong> : A dark side of the Catholic Church, priests and paedophilia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/eastern-approaches\/2013\/05\/24\/a-dark-side-of-the-catholic-church\">The Economist<\/a>, May 24, 2013. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On the Juliusz Paetz scandal<\/strong> : \u201cPolish sex scandal archbishop quits\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2002\/WORLD\/europe\/03\/28\/poland.bishop\/index.html\">CNN<\/a>, March 28, 2002. See also : Marcin Kacki, Kuszenie W Cieniu Katedry, <a href=\"http:\/\/niniwa22.cba.pl\/kacki_kuszenie_w_cieniu_katedry.htm\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> : (fragments translated) : \u00ab\u2026an anecdote from Paetz: one day, in 1976, Pope Paul VI walked along the corridors of the Vatican in the procession of cardinals and ordered to stop. &#8211; Who is this priest? &#8211; Asks the Pope, pointing at Paetz. Summons him, lets him kiss the ring, exchanging a few words with him. After a few weeks, Paetz becomes the prelate of the antiquamera and gets an apartment reserved only for cardinals from the Vatican. \u2022 Although Paetz never officially confirmed it, in the biography of Pawe\u0142 VI, the author Maciej Wrzeszcz, one can read that he was part of Paul VI\u2019s entourage \u00abat the explicit request of the Pope himself\u00bb. \u2022 During one of the dinners, Paetz blinks at Pawe\u0142 after a second or third wine and says in a confidential whisper, \u00abI think I can show you something. He takes out an album of photos in which he is in the company of celebrities. He removes two photos. On the first, black and white, stands on the beach in short shorts and a T-shirt, and next to it is a similarly dressed Pope Paul VI. On the second, young Paetz no longer has a T-shirt. \u2022 Paul asks if the archbishop is going to publish it someday.- You have a sense of humor. Turns on Andrei Bocelli&#8217;s album, tries to dance with Pawe\u0142.- Well then I looked, what? &#8211; You still look good\u2026\u201d \u2022 \u201cArchbishop Juliusz Paetz concelebrates the masses. Despite the ban on the Vatican\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/nto.pl\/abp-juliusz-paetz-koncelebruje-msze-mimo-zakazu-watykanu-wideo\/ar\/11996127\">source<\/a>) \u2022\u00a0In 1976, he was the only Pole appointed by Pope Paul VI to prelate of the antiquamera\u2026\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rmf24.pl\/tylko-w-rmf24\/isakowicz-zaleski\/blogi\/news-sprawa-arcybiskupa-juliusza-paetza-czeka-wciaz-na-wyjasnieni,nId,2633888\">source<\/a>) : (fragment) [\u2026] \u201cAt that time, he was registered by the Polish Security Service as an information contact (pseudonym \u00abFermo\u00bb). The preserved documentation is incomplete, but the reports show that as much as 88 percent of the information received from him was considered important. [\u2026] A similar letter [on the abuse of young priests by Paetz] went to bishop Stanis\u0142aw Dziwisz, secretary of the papacy. Unfortunately, neither these writings nor individual conversations did anything. [\u2026] Unfortunately, the case was covered up from the very beginning, mainly by the nuncio Kowalczyk, and no information was sent to Pope John Paul II. Therefore, the Pozna\u0144 priests decided to send the letter through prof. Wanda P\u00f3\u0142tawska, who smuggled them to the Vatican and during the private audience read the attachments to the Holy Father. According to her, the Pope was shocked by the fact and the fact that his immediate surroundings did not inform him about it. Only then did the Vatican curia decide to send a special commission to Pozna\u0144. [\u2026] Incidentally, Cardinal Dziwisz in his numerous and very extensive memoirs from the Vatican about the long-term friendship of John Paul II did not once mention her. In turn, Archbishop Paetz in a letter addressed to me on November 6, 2013 tried to discredit this brave woman and her actions. (See also <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2002\/WORLD\/europe\/03\/28\/poland.bishop\/index.html\">CNN<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Henryk Jankowski<\/strong> : a Catholic priest and key member of Solidarnosc. A recent reportage from <em>Gazeta Wyborcza<\/em>, in Dec. 2018, shows the double life of this priest (see <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/7,127290,24228640,sekret-swietej-brygidy-dlaczego-kosciol-pozwalal-ksiedzu-jankowskiemu.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Film<\/strong> : More recently, in 2018, the film KLER, by Wojcieh Smarzowski has had a huge impact in Poland, describing sexual abuses by priests in Poland. (See the critic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2018\/10\/04\/un-film-denoncant-les-peches-de-l-eglise-cree-un-electrochoc-en-pologne_5364475_3214.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the \u201chuge homosexual underground network in the Church of Poland\u201d<\/strong>, see this article by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/catholic-expert-details-39huge-homosexual-underground-in-the-church39\">LifeSiteNews<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Les Legionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Legionnaries of Christ (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Police<\/strong> (and Carabinieri, Oscad, Digos, Polis Aperta)<\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 In Sodoma\/In the Closet of the Vatican, I have often used information from the association Polis Aperta, a group of about a hundred LGBT soldiers, carabinieri and policemen. Several of its members in Rome, Castel Gandolfo, Milan, Naples, Turin, Padua and Bologna have given me accounts of the prostitution at Roma Termini and, more broadly, the commercial sex lives of ecclesiastics. (In some cases I also use anonymized information and statistics from the SDI crime database<br \/>\nshared by the various Italian law-enforcement organizations.)<br \/>\n\u2013 Andrea Pini, <em>Omocidi. Gli omosessuali uccisi in Italia<\/em>, Stampa Alternativa, 2002 (and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibs.it\/omocidi-omosessuali-uccisi-in-italia-libro-andrea-pini\/e\/9788872266465\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 LGBT police association\u00a0: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/sep\/07\/italy.gayrights\">The Guardian<\/a>\u00a0; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gaynews.it\/primo-piano\/item\/1216-polis-aperta-forze-ordine-lgbt-polizia-egpa-elezioni-direttivo-gabriele-gugliemo-coming-out-cambiamento.html\">Gay News<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2008\/sep\/07\/italy.gayrights\">The Guardian\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2015\/04\/13\/gay-in-divisa-vigile-di-torino-zitto-per-anni-ambiente-omofobo\/360242\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On OSCAD, see <a href=\"http:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/en\/promising-practices\/observatory-security-against-acts-discrimination-oscad\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On DIGOS, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.poliziadistato.it\/articolo\/view\/23277\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Politi (Marco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Vaticanist, Italy.<br \/>\n\u2013 See his book : Marco Politi, <em>La Confessione. Un prete gay racconta la sua storia<\/em>, Editori Riuniti, 2000<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This book is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope Benedict XVI &amp; Cardinal Ratzinger<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Tarcisio Bertone ; Vaticanleaks ; Marcial Maciel ; Georg Ratzinger ; Georg G\u00e4nswein ; Ideology of the church.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Main resources<\/strong> : many texts are available on a dedicated website : www.ratzinger.it<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Biography of Joseph Ratzinger<\/strong> : Benedict XVI, <em>Ma vie. Souvenirs 1927-1977<\/em>, Fayard, 1998 ; Benedict XVI, <em>Lumi\u00e8re du monde, Le pape, l\u2019\u00e9glise et les signes du temps, conversation with Peter Seewald<\/em>, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2010 ; Benedict XVI, <em>Derni\u00e8res conversations with Peter Seewald<\/em>, Fayard, 2016 ; Bernard Lecomte, <em>Beno\u00eet XVI<\/em>, Perrin, 2002, reed. 2011 ; Bernard Lecomte, <em>Les Secrets du Vatican<\/em>, Perrin, 2009 ; reed. Tempus, 2011 (see pp. 355-366) ; Andrea Tornielli, <em>Beno\u00eet XVI, La Biographie<\/em>, Citadelle, 2005. I have read also with interest Aidan Nichols, <em>La pens\u00e9e de Beno\u00eet XVI<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Introduction \u00e0 la th\u00e9ologie de Joseph Ratzinger<\/em>, Ad Solem, 2008. A serie of articles by the French Vaticanist Henri Tincq, April 20, 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/lemonde.fr\/a-la-une\/article\/2005\/04\/20\/josef-ratzinger-le-gardien-de-la-doctrine_640998_3208.html?\">Le Monde<\/a> ; April 21, 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/abonnes.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2005\/04\/21\/qui-est-josef-ratzinger_641230_3210.html?\">Le Monde<\/a> ; April 23, 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2005\/04\/23\/josef-ratzinger-aime-la-france-mais-divise-les-francais_642234_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a> ; Isabelle de Gaulmyn, <em>Beno\u00eet XVI, Le pape incompris<\/em>, Bayard, 2008. For a more polemical and biased approach, see: Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (not translated into English nor Italian; the book has been panned by the Pope\u2019s spokesman, Federico Lombardi, who considers it \u00ab seriously misleading \u00bb and \u00ab without any basis \u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Education, Thought, Ideas<\/strong> : I have used several books by Ratzinger : La Foi chr\u00e9tienne hier et aujourd\u2019hui, Cerf, 1969, reed. 2005 ; Instruction sur quelques aspects de la th\u00e9ologie de la lib\u00e9ration, Tequi, 1984 ; <em>Entretiens sur la foi<\/em> (with Vittorio Messori), Fayard, 1985. On Maritain and Ratzinger, see James Hanink, Maritain Studies, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/10209540\/Maritain_and_Ratzinger_Puzzles_about_the_Person\">here<\/a> (in English) ; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/benedict-xvi\/fr\/speeches\/2008\/september\/documents\/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20080912_parigi-cultura.html\">the speech<\/a> by Benedict XVI \u201cDiscours au monde la culture\u201d, in Paris, at College des Bernardins, on Sept 12, 2008. On what I call Ratzinger\u2019s \u201cbovarysm\u201d, see : Jules de Gaultier, quoted by Victor Segalen, in \u201cLe Double Rimbaud\u201d, Le Mercure de France, April 15, 1906 (see Arthur Rimbaud, <em>Oeuvres Compl\u00e8tes<\/em>, Pl\u00e9iade, Introction, p. X, note 1.).<br \/>\n\u2013 Celibacy : See Ratzinger, <em>Introduction to Christianity<\/em>, trans. in French : <em>Chemins vers Jesus<\/em> (see especially the chapter on Gandhi). J. Ratzinger was fascinated by Gandhi\u2019s choice of celibacy. He invited Gandhi\u2019s grandson to the Vatican. We know of Gandhi\u2019s possible \u201chomophily\u201d from a recent biography (see : Joseph Lelyveld, Great Soul, Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India, especially pp. 79-104. I also found the letters between Gandhi and his friend Kallenbach in South Africa, see my book F. Martel, Global Gay, Flammarion, 2013. See also this article in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/04\/01\/books\/gandhi-biography-by-joseph-lelyveld-roils-india.html\">New York Times<\/a>.)<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Text about love<\/strong> : <a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/benedict-xvi\/fr\/encyclicals\/documents\/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est.html\">Lettre Encyclique<\/a> <em>Deux Caritas Est<\/em>, by Benedict XVI, Dec 25, 2005.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the debate on homosexuality <\/strong>: I use mainly Sigmund Freud, <em>Un souvenir d\u2019enfance de L\u00e9onard de Vinci<\/em>, PUF, 2012. See also the books which discussed the topic : Angelo Quattrocchi, <em>The Pope is NOT gay<\/em>, Verso, 2010 ; xxx ; see also an interview of Peter Seewald in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.zeit.de\/2016\/38\/papst-benedikt-peter-seewald-vatikan\">Christ &amp; Welt<\/a>, complement of <em>Die Zeit<\/em> on Sept 7, 2016. See also : Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn, \u00ab\u00a0Among the Flutterers\u00a0\u00bb, <em>London Review of Books<\/em>, June 1st, 2010 (a key article about Ratzinger and the gay issue) ; Adam Taylor, \u201cLeading catholic blogger sees more evidence that the pope is gay\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.fr\/us\/benedict-xvi-to-live-with-georg-ganswein-2013-2\">Business Insider<\/a>, Feb., 27, 2013 ; Andrew Sullivan, Two popes, One Secretary, see <a href=\"http:\/\/dish.andrewsullivan.com\/2013\/02\/27\/two-popes-one-secretary\/\">here<\/a> ; Francis DeBarnado, \u201cIs the Retired Pope is Gay?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newwaysministry.org\/2013\/03\/05\/is-the-retired-pope-gay\/\">New Ways Ministry<\/a>, March 5, 2013 ; Michael Dickinson, \u201cMeet Gorgeous Georg, the Holy Pontiff\u2019s Live-in Partner\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.counterpunch.org\/2013\/01\/11\/meet-gorgeous-georg-the-holy-pontiffs-live-in-partner\/\">Counterpunch<\/a>, Jan 11, 2013 ; \u201cAllemagne: Beno\u00eet XVI out\u00e9 par une ancienne camarade d\u2019universit\u00e9\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/de\/article\/nnme78\/der-papst-schwul-statt-asexuell-0000059-v7n12\">Vice<\/a>, 2011 (see also <a href=\"http:\/\/yagg.com\/2011\/12\/24\/allemagne-benoit-xvi-%C2%ABoute%C2%BB-par-une-ancienne-camarade-duniversite\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Ratzinger and music<\/strong> : See Joseph Ratzinger, <em>Laudate Dio con arte<\/em>, selection of articles about arts and music, Foreword by Ricardo Muti, trans. in French\u00a0: <em>L\u2019Esprit de la musique<\/em>, Art\u00e8ge, 2011. See also the text : \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/benoit-et-moi.fr\/2012(III)\/articles\/la-musique-sacree-du-pape-pianiste.php\">La musique sacr\u00e9e du Pape pianist<\/a>\u201d. I also recommend this article by Alex Ross, \u201cThe Decline of Opera Queens and the Rise of Gay Opera\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/cultural-comment\/the-decline-of-opera-queens-and-the-rise-of-gay-opera\">The New Yorker<\/a>, July 27, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Cardinal Ratzinger as Prefect<\/strong> <strong>of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith<\/strong> :<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Election of Pope Benedict XVI<\/strong> : see Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 33, pp. 417-426.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Dance<\/strong> : Ratzinger and acrobats in the Vatican : see the video on YouTube : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=woya2B4-Zio\">here<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Q3Ajga1VLtk\">here<\/a> ; and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-rbxov7CVi8\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the war within the Curia<\/strong> : See Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (chapter 30, pp. 289-297).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Vatileaks I scandal, 2012 (The Butler\/Paolo Gabriele) <\/strong>: See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 38, pp. 461-471. For a more polemical and biased approach, see: Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (not translated into English nor Italian; see the names that Diat claims to be potentially responsible for Vatileaks, pp. 265, and 268).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Vatileaks II scandal, Fall 2015 <\/strong>(Pope Francis vs. Francesco Immacolata Chaouqui\/Mgr Lucio Angel Vallejo Balda and the journalists Gianluigi Nuzzi and Emiliano Fittipaldi) : See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; See Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 251-259).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Report of the \u201cThree Cardinals\u201d<\/strong> : <em>\u25ca see below : <\/em><em>Report of Juli\u00e1n Herranz, Salvatore De Giorgi &amp; Jozef Tomko (2012)<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/em>\u2013 <strong>On the Austrian Cardinal Hans Hermann Gro\u00ebr pedophilia scandal<\/strong> : see Edward Pentin, \u201cThe Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2011\/05\/04\/the-allegations-against-cardinal-sodano\/\">Catholic World Report<\/a>, May 4, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Marcial Maciel scandal<\/strong> : <em>\u25ca See Marcial Maciel, above.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the pedophilia scandal and Ratzinger<\/strong> : see The film <em>Secrets of the Vatican<\/em> by Anthony Thomas, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/frontline\/film\/secrets-of-the-vatican\/\">Frontline<\/a>, PBS, 2014 retraces the Marcial Maciel scandal.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Georg Ratzinger and pedophilia scandal<\/strong> : <em>see \u25ca Ratzinger (Georg)<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Georg G\u00e4nswein<\/strong> : <em>see \u25ca G\u00e4nswein (Georg)<br \/>\n\u2013<\/em><strong>On the quotation about \u201cmasculine\u201d prostitute<\/strong> : Original in Benedikt XVI, Licht der Welt. Der Papst, die Kirche und die Zeichen der Zeit. Ein Gespr\u00e4ch mit Peter Seewald, Freiburg\/Basel\/Wien 2010, p. 146-147\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Es mag begr\u00fcndete Einzelf\u00e4lle geben, etwa wenn ein Prostituierter ein Kondom verwendet, wo dies ein erster Schritt zur Moralisierung sein kann, ein erstes St\u00fcck Verantwortung, um wieder ein Bewusstsein daf\u00fcr zu entwickeln, dass nicht alles gestattet ist und man nicht alles tun kann, was man will. Aber es ist nicht die eigentliche Art, dem \u00dcbel der HIV-Infektion beizukommen. Diese muss wirklich in der Vermenschlichung der Sexualit\u00e4t liegen.<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb After the next question, Benedict continues\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0<em>Die Kirche sieht die Verwendung von Kondomen \u201enicht als wirkliche und moralische L\u00f6sung an. Im einen oder anderen Fall kann es in der Absicht, Ansteckungsgefahr zu verringern, jedoch ein erster Schritt sein auf dem Weg hin zu einer anders gelebten, menschlicheren Sexualit\u00e4t<\/em>.\u00a0\u00bb Remark\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0ein Prostituierter\u00a0\u00bb is clearly masculine.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the secret sweet art of Ratzinger, mysteriously discovered when he was retired as Pope\u00a0: Andrea Tornielli, \u00ab\u00a0The young loves of Ratzinger other Popes. The journalist Peter Seewald has revealed to German newspaper Die Zeit that Benedict XVI experienced a \u201cgreat love\u201d that made it hard for him to choose the path of celibacy\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2016\/09\/08\/vaticaninsider\/the-young-loves-of-ratzinger-other-popes-VL6IOKrUpEZOHz58KeJPSO\/pagina.html\">La Stampa<\/a>, Sept 8, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>About the End of Benoit XVI\u2019s Papacy<\/strong> : Concita de Gregorio, \u00ab\u00a0Sesso e carriera, i ricatti in Vaticano dietro la rinuncia di Benedetto XVI\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2013\/02\/21\/news\/ricatti_vaticano-53080655\/?ref=HREC1-4\">La Repubblica<\/a>, Feb 21 2013)\u00a0; Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, <em>Rumeurs sur les raisons de la d\u00e9mission de Beno\u00eet XVI<\/em>, <em>Le Figaro<\/em>, Feb 23-24, 2013\u00a0; John Hooper, \u201cPapal resignation linked to inquiry into Vatican gay officials, says paper\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/feb\/21\/pope-retired-amid-gay-bishop-blackmail-inquiry\">The Guardian<\/a>, Feb 22, 2013 ; See Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : p 41-57 ; p. 59-62). See also: Michael Meier, \u201cDer emeritierte Papst Rechtfertigt sich, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesanzeiger.ch\/kultur\/buecher\/der-emeritierte-papst-rechtfertigt-sich\/story\/12431070\">Tages Anzeiger<\/a> (Meier mentions some Vatileaks documents that have circulated in Germany and which might have played a role in the Pope\u2019s resignation). (See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/monde\/vatican\/pape-francois\/un-lobby-gay-au-vatican-a-t-il-pousse-le-pape-a-demissionner_256669.html\">France Info<\/a>). <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Passivo e Bianco \u00bb (french &amp; english version) and in several other chapters of the book as background information.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope<\/strong><strong> Francis (Pape Fran\u00e7ois)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Argentina.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>General references and biographies of Pope Francis<\/strong> : Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 12-24 ; 177-207) ; Austen Ivereigh, <em>The Great Reformer : Francis and the Making of a radical pope<\/em>, Henry Holt, 2014 ; Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Via Crucis 2015<\/em>, trans. in French: <em>Chemin de croix<\/em>, Flammarion, 2015 ; Alexander Stille, \u201cHoly Orders, A determined Pope Francis moves to reform a recalcitrant Curia\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2015\/09\/14\/holy-orders-letter-from-the-vatican-alexander-stille\">The New Yorker,<\/a> Sept 14, 2015 ; Jim Yardley, \u201cA Humble Pope, Challenging the world\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/09\/19\/world\/europe\/pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept 19-20, 2015 ; James Carroll, \u201cWho I am To Judge ?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2013\/12\/23\/who-am-i-to-judge\">The New Yorker<\/a>, Dec 23-30, 2013 ; Isabelle de Gaulmyn, <em>Fran\u00e7ois, Un pape pour tous<\/em>, Seuil, 2014 ; Arnaud B\u00e9dat, Fran\u00e7ois seul contre tous, Flammarion, 2017 ; Jean-Louis de La Vaissi\u00e8re, Fran\u00e7ois dans la Temp\u00eate, Salvator, 2018 ; Virginie Riva, Ce Pape qui derange, Atelier, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Books by or with Pope Francis<\/strong> : Jorge Maria Bergoglio, <em>Papa Francesco, Nei Tuoi Occhi \u00e8 la Mia Parola, Omelie e discorsi di Buenos Aires, 1999-2013, Introduzione e cura di Antonio Spadaro<\/em>, Rizzoli, 2016 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/Nei-tuoi-occhi-mia-parola\/dp\/8817091200\/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1487516323&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=nei+tuoi+occhi+%C3%A8+la+mia+parola\">here<\/a>) ; Pape Fran\u00e7ois, <em>Rencontre avec Dominique Wolton, Politique et soci\u00e9t\u00e9, Un dialogue in\u00e9dit<\/em>, L\u2019Observatoire, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Ideology of Pope Francis<\/strong> : P\u00e9ronist? Anti-Trump? Guevarist? See Austen Ivereigh, <em>The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope<\/em>, Picador, 2015\u00a0; See also : Austen Ivereigh, \u201cIs the Pope the anti-Trump?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/04\/opinion\/sunday\/is-the-pope-the-anti-trump.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, March 6, 2017 ; A liberal? See : Steve Skojec, \u201cThe Dictator of the Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2016\/04\/08\/the-dictator-of-the-vatican-pope-francis-amoris-laetitia-divorce-communion\/\">Foreign Policy<\/a>, April 8, 2016 ; Antonio Spadaro, Interview du pape Fran\u00e7ois aux revues culturelles j\u00e9suites, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.revue-etudes.com\/article\/inedit-un-entretien-avec-le-pape-francois-15686\">Etudes<\/a>, Sept 19, 2013 (original <a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/fr\/speeches\/2013\/september\/documents\/papa-francesco_20130921_intervista-spadaro.html\">here<\/a>) ; See also his key speech in March 7, 2013 on \u201cp\u00e9riph\u00e9ries existentielles\u201d, including the gay issue).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Cardinal Bergoglio in Argentina<\/strong> : See Nello Scavo, <em>La Liste de Bergoglio<\/em>, Bayard, 2014 (original in Italian) ; Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cPope Francis and the Dirty War\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/pope-francis-and-the-dirty-war\">The New Yorker<\/a>, March 14, 2013 ; Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 12-24 ; 177-207). See also for the context : Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002 (I especially use this book : Olga Wornat interviewed Pio Laghi, Sodano, Sandri, Bergoglio).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Jorge Bergoglio and Liberation Theology<\/strong> : see Silvina P\u00e9rez et Lucetta Scaraffia, Fran\u00e7ois, le pape am\u00e9ricain, Introduction de Giovanni Maria Vian, Presses de la renaissance, 2017 (a propaganda version of the idyllic life of Pope Francis in Argentina, see the text \u201cBergoglio\u201d, pp. 23-86). For a more serious account, see Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 177-207). See also : Jon Lee Anderson, \u201cThe Pope of Latin America\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/the-pope-of-latin-america\">The New Yorker<\/a>, July 17, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013<strong> Jorge Bergoglio\u2019s position on homosexuality in Argentina : <\/strong>In spite of recent claims that Pope Francis is open towards homosexuality, he actively opposed the legislation that made marriage possible for gay couples in Argentina. In 2010, when he was still the archbishop of Buenos Aires, he <a href=\"http:\/\/www.infobae.com\/2010\/07\/08\/525351-para-bergoglio-la-ley-matrimonio-gay-es-039una-movida-del-diablo039\/\">wrote a letter to a convent<\/a> saying that the law proposing to allow such marriages in the country was a \u201cmove by the devil\u201d.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>On Bergoglio\u2019s election as Pope Francis<\/strong> : see Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 42, pp. 494-502. See also Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 59-79).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Speeches by Francis on the curia \u201cdiseases\u201d, \u201c\u00e2mes maquill\u00e9es\u201d and \u201crigid Christians\u201d with a \u201cdouble life\u201d<\/strong> : Francis made numerous speeches and homilies criticizing the Curia. See : Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cL\u2019attaque au vitriol de Fran\u00e7ois contre la curie romaine\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2014\/12\/22\/01016-20141222ARTFIG00332-l-attaque-au-vitriol-de-francois-contre-la-curie-romaine.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, Dec 22, 2014 ; Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cLe pape Fran\u00e7ois d\u00e9nonce les resistances malveillantes au sein de la curie romaine\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2016\/12\/22\/01016-20161222ARTFIG00150-le-pape-francois-denonce-les-resistances-malveillantes-au-sein-de-la-curie-romaine.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, Dec 22, 2016 ; Oct 20, 2017 : Messe \u00e0 Sainte Marthe, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osservatoreromano.va\/fr\/news\/ames-maquillees\">homily \u201c\u00c2mes maquill\u00e9es\u201d<\/a> ; C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cLa charge du pape contre la curie romaine\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2014\/12\/23\/la-charge-du-pape-francois-contre-la-curie-romaine_4545326_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, 24 d\u00e9cembre 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the rigid Christians (homily made after the Vigan\u00f2 memo) : \u201cPope at Mass : Be Careful around rigid Christians\u201d, Oct 16, 2018 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/en\/pope-francis\/mass-casa-santa-marta\/2018-10\/pope-francis-homily-daily-mass-be-careful-rigid-christians.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the \u201canneau de luxure\u201d\/\u201cstream of corruption\u201d in the Curia<\/strong>: see the remark by Francis on June 6, 2013 : \u201cQuand le pape Fran\u00e7ois \u00e9voque le lobby gay\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2013\/06\/11\/01016-20130611ARTFIG00607-quand-le-pape-francois-evoque-le-lobby-gay.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, June 12, 2013 (see also <a href=\"https:\/\/takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com\/2013\/06\/14\/the-pope-and-the-gay-lobby\/\">New York Times<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On \u201cWho Am I to Judge ?\u201d<\/strong> : Rachel Donadio, \u201cOn Gay Priests, Pope Francis Asks, \u2018Who Am I to Judge?\u2019 \u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/30\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-gay-priests.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 29, 2013 ; Ariane Chemin, Le Pape Fran\u00e7ois et les gays, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/long-format\/article\/2018\/10\/18\/le-pape-francois-et-les-gays_5371057_5345421.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, 18 octobre 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013\u00a0<strong>On Pope Francis and the homosexuality issue.<\/strong> Rafael Romo, \u201cBehind closed doors, pope supported civil unions in Argentina, activist says\u201d, CNN, March 21, 2012 (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/20\/world\/americas\/argentina-pope-civil-unions\/index.html\">source<\/a>). On the meeting between Francis and his gay friend Yaho Grassi see\u00a0: Jim Yardley and Laurie Goodstein, \u00ab\u00a0Before Pope Francis Met Kim Davis, He Met With Gay Ex-Student\u00a0\u00bb, <em>New York Times<\/em>, Oct. 2, 2015\u00a0; see also this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1YiDfFdZ51I\">video\u00a0<\/a>concerning a discussion between the pope and Juan Carlos Cruz in 2018 (See: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/may\/20\/pope-juan-carlos-cruz\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/internacional\/2018\/05\/19\/actualidad\/1526687428_156217.html\">El Pais<\/a>). See also his key speech in March 7, 2013 on \u201cp\u00e9riph\u00e9ries existentielles\u201d (including the gay issue). Plus, the Pope on homosexuals in the seminary : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2018\/05\/24\/vaticaninsider\/if-there-is-any-doubt-about-homosexuality-it-is-better-not-to-let-them-enter-the-seminary-Rl1b1wdJOWXcOD9Nn2tZmO\/pagina.html\">La Stampa<\/a>. More recently, Francis published a short book in which he discusses the question of homosexuality : \u201cLa forza della vocazione\u201d Edizioni Dehoniane (trans. in French\u00a0: La Force de la vocation). On this book, see : Andrea Tornielli, \u201cIl Papa: l\u2019omosessualit\u00e0 nella Chiesa mi preoccupa\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2018\/11\/30\/vaticaninsider\/il-papa-lomosessualit-nella-chiesa-mi-preoccupa-XrhKIVCT0emTDPqCRv3krK\/pagina.html\">La Stampa<\/a>, Nov 30, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the polemics on homosexualiy and psychiatry in 2018 : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2018\/08\/27\/le-pape-les-homosexuels-et-la-psychiatrie_5346756_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtl.fr\/actu\/international\/le-pape-recommande-la-psychiatrie-pour-l-homosexualite-decelee-a-l-enfance-7794545214\">RTL<\/a> ; Explanations by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/checknews\/2018\/08\/27\/le-pape-recommande-t-il-vraiment-la-psychiatrie-pour-l-homosexualite-decelee-a-l-enfance_1674813\">Liberation<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Gender Theory<\/strong>. On Pope Francis\u2019s position on gender theory, see a collection of several of Pope\u2019s Francis speeches on the subject\u00a0: Francesco Lepore, \u00ab\u00a0The Bergogliario\u00a0: Gender from Bergolio\u2019s point of view\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.prideonline.it\/2016\/11\/15\/the-bergogliario-the-gender-from-the-bergoglios-point-of-view\/\">Pride Online<\/a>, Nov. 15, 2016\u00a0; see also\u00a0: Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u00ab\u00a0Genre\u00a0: le Pape s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve contre les manipulations \u00e9ducatives\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Le Figaro<\/em>, 12 avril 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the \u00ab\u00a0apology\u00a0\u00bb to homosexuels by the Pope, in 2016, read transcripts by several newspapers, among them\u00a0: Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u00ab\u00a0Brexit, gays, g\u00e9nocide, diaconesse, Beno\u00eet XVI: ce qu&#8217;a dit le pape Fran\u00e7ois \u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2016\/06\/27\/01016-20160627ARTFIG00004-brexit-gays-genocide-diaconnesse-benoit-xvi-ce-qu-a-dit-le-pape-francois.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>,\u00a027 juin 2016 ; See the video in this article : \u00ab\u00a0Pope Francis Says Church Should Apologize to Gays\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/06\/27\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-gays-christians-apologize.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 27, 2016\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/789647\/eglise-catholique-pardon-homosexuels-pape-francois\">Radio Canada<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/S-excuser-renforce-credibilite-Eglise-2016-06-28-1200772092\">La Croix<\/a>\u00a0;<br \/>\n\u2013 The long interview by Fran\u00e7ois with Jesuit Spadaro, can be read in the original version in <a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/it\/speeches\/2013\/september\/documents\/papa-francesco_20130921_intervista-spadaro.html\">Italian<\/a> ; here in <a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/speeches\/2013\/september\/documents\/papa-francesco_20130921_intervista-spadaro.html\">English\u00a0<\/a>; or here in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jesuites.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Interview-Pape-Fran%C3%A7ois_long.pdf?x54114\">French\u00a0<\/a>:\u00a0; for the context see\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2013\/09\/19\/01016-20130919ARTFIG00508-pape-francois-je-suis-un-pecheur-un-peu-ruse-un-peu-ingenu.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Homilies against those \u201cwho use rigidity to cover-up their own sins\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: see the transcript by <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.radiovaticana.va\/news\/2016\/10\/24\/pape_fran%C3%A7ois__les_rigides_ne_connaissent_pas_la_libert%C3%A9_des_enfants_de_dieu\/1267375\">Radio Vatican\u00a0<\/a>: October 24, 2016 and May 5, 2017 ; <a href=\"http:\/\/en.radiovaticana.va\/news\/2017\/05\/05\/pope_denounces_rigid_christians,_calls_for_meekness_in_the_c\/1310198\">here<\/a> also ; and <a href=\"http:\/\/fr.radiovaticana.va\/news\/2017\/05\/05\/messe_%C3%A0_sainte_marthe__%C2%ABprions_pour_aider_les_rigides_%C3%A0_grandir_sur_le_chemin_de_la_douceur%C2%BB\/1310304\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the \u201cwar\u201d against Francis : for a right-wing perspective, see Paul Williams, <em>Among the Ruins, The Decline and Fall of The Roman Catholic Church<\/em>, Prometheus Books, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also this book : Paul Ari\u00e8s, <em>La Face cach\u00e9e du Pape Fran\u00e7ois<\/em>, Max Milo, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab Qui suis-je pour juger\u00a0?\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Who I\u2019m to judge\u00a0? \u00bb (english version) and in several other chapters of the book as background information.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope<\/strong><strong> John XXIII (Jean XXIII)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Loris Capovilla, Me<em>s ann\u00e9es avec le Pape Jean XXIII, Conversations avec Ezio Bols<\/em>, ed. des B\u00e9atitudes, 2014 ; Pier Carpi, <em>Les Proph\u00e9ties du pape Jean XXIII, L\u2019avenir de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019en 2033<\/em>, Presses du Ch\u00e2telet, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Love Friendship\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope<\/strong><strong> John Paul I (Jean-Paul I)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Ireland ; John Magee.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On John Paul I, see : Bernard Lecomte, Les Secrets du Vatican, Perrin, 2009 ; reed. Tempus, 2011 (see pp. 209-226). See also : Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cJean-Paul I : Un si court r\u00e8gne\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the death of John Paul I, see Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 20, pp. 256-278. See also : David Yallop, <em>In God\u2019s Name, An investigation into the murder of pope John Paul I<\/em>, 1986 ; trans. in French : Le Pape doit mourir, Enqu\u00eate sur la mort suspecte de Jean-Paul Ier, 1986, reed. Nouveau Monde Editions, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 I have read and also use: \u201cJean-Paul I<sup>er<\/sup>, Un si court r\u00e8gle\u2026\u201d in \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016, pp. 144-1147.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the figure of the personal assistant of Pope John Paul I, Mgr John Magee, who was critized for gays\u2019 bad conduct and who was later harshly critized in numerous sexual abuse cases see : Henry McDonald, \u201cIrish report on child sex abuse berates Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2011\/jul\/13\/irish-report-child-sex-abuse-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a>, July 13, 2011 ; and also from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2010\/mar\/24\/irish-catholic-bishop-resignation-vatican\">The Guardian<\/a> in 2010 ; see also the official report of the Cloyne Diocese Report by the National Board for Safeguarding Children in the Catholic Church in Ireland, which mentions John Magee\u2019s homosexual desires on \u00a7 26.4, p. 320 : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.ie\/en\/JELR\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\/Files\/Cloyne_Rpt.pdf\">see here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope<\/strong><strong> John Paul II (Jean-Paul II)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Cardinal Sodano (Angelo) ; Cardinal Casaroli (Agostino) ; Carinal Silvestrini ; Marcial Maciel ; Swiss Guard Triple Murders.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On John Paul II\u2019s life<\/strong> : I mainly use the biography by Bernard Lecomte, <em>Jean-Paul II<\/em>, Gallimard, 2003 (a great and reliable biography, although too \u00abofficial\u00bb). For a more balanced point of view, see : Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cache de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996. For an even more critical view, see the biography in Italian by Giacomo Galeazzi and Ferruccio Pinotti, Wojtyla Segreto (Wojtyla Secret) and the investigation by David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory : Inside the Dark Heart of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, 2009. For images and an interesting document, I also recommend the biography by Henri Tincq, <em>S. Jean-Paul II, L\u2019homme de Dieu, L\u2019Arpenteur du monde<\/em>, editions T\u00e9l\u00e9maque, 2016. For the official biography, told by the Vatican, see the interesting compilation of articles from the <em>Osservatore Romano<\/em> on John-Paul II : \u201cBienheureux\u201d, special issue, May 1, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Anti-gay statements by John Paul II<\/strong> : Early on in his papacy, John Paul II made strongly anti-gay statements, see his speech in Chicago in 1979 (<a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/john-paul-ii\/en\/speeches\/1979\/october\/documents\/hf_jp-ii_spe_19791005_chicago-usa-bishops.html\">speech<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the diplomacy of Pope John Paul II<\/strong> : See Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Le Moal, <em>Les Divisions du pape, Le Vatican face aux dictatures, 1917-1989<\/em>, Perrin (but the book unfortunately missed the bigger picture, since it does not discuss Latin America policy, ex. Chile; Casaroli is very central, but Sodano is not) ; Constance Colonna-Cesari, <em>Dans les secrets de la diplomatie vaticane<\/em>, Seuil, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the funding of Solidarnosc<\/strong> : see Franca Giansoldati, <em>Il Demonio in Vaticano I Legionari di Cristo e Il caso Maciel<\/em>, Edizioni Piemme Spa, 2014, trans. in French : <em>L\u2019Affaire Maciel<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2015 (in this influential book, Giansoldati reveals the exchange of money between Marcial Maciel and the Vatican) ; Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 ; Gianluigi Nuzzi, Vaticano S.p.A, Chiarelettere, 2009 ; trans. in French : Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandales au Vatican (he describes the account of the Foundation Cardinal Francis Spellan) ; or David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory : Inside the Dark Heart of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, 2009 (who suggests that more than 100 million dollars were sent to Solidarnosc by the Vatican of John-Paul II) ; see also \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159). On the links between Stanislaw Dziwisz and Marcial Maciel, see : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnthavis.com\/),\">John Thavis<\/a>, \u201cThe Vatican diaries\u201d who discusses Dziwisz\u2019s contacts with the Legionaries of Christ and Marcial Maciel. In respect to the financial support of Solidarnosc by Legionaries see this article by <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> (in Polish) : the author writes: \u201cIn all probability Maciel supports Solidarnosc in Poland. That was the reason for the friendship with John Paul II. Each time his sins have been neutralized. Over and over as the new documents reached the Vatican, the old ones had been already forgotten.\u201d In this article he writes that he made use of the following books: \u00abLa Iglesia del silencio. De m\u00e1rtires y pederastas\u00bb, \u00abMarcial Maciel. La historia de un criminal\u00bb and \u00abLa voluntad de no saber\u00bb. (See above : Marcial Maciel.) See also : Vatican help for communist Poland (Pomoc Watykanu dla komunistycznej Polski)<strong> : <\/strong>About how John Paul II supposedly sent 150 million dollars for the needs of the Church and Solidarity in Poland between 1981-1989 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrozka.com.pl\/tajemnice\/tajemnice-watykanu\/4603-szmal-plynie-do-kosciola\">source<\/a>). President Lech Walesa says that Solidarity received money from the Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/fakty.interia.pl\/swiat\/news-tajemnice-watykanskiej%20pomocy-dla-solidarnosci,nId,856105\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On possible cover-up of pedophilia<\/strong> : see Jason Berry and Gerald Renner, <em>Vows of Silence. The Abuse of Power in the Papacy of John Paul II<\/em>, Free Press, 2004 (from Jason Berry see also his anti-Pope John Paul II article : Jason Berry, \u201cTha Shame of John Paul II : How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/shame-john-paul-ii-how-sex-abuse-scandal-stained-his-papacy\/\">The Nation<\/a>, April 27, 2011. See also : Jason Berry, \u201cFather Marcial Maciel and the popes he stained\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/father-marcial-maciel-and-popes-he-stained-62811\">Newsweek<\/a>, Nov 3, 2013 ; See also an opinionated article by Edward Pentin, \u201cThe Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2011\/05\/04\/the-allegations-against-cardinal-sodano\/\">Catholic World Report<\/a>, May 4, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Pope John Paul II and Opus Dei<\/strong> :see an interesting history of Opus Dei, by Joan Estruch, <em>Saints &amp; Schemers, Opus Dei and its paradoxes<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 1995 (with long parts about John Paul II and his entourage).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Others books and articles related to John Paul II that I used<\/strong> : Stanislaw Dziwisz, <em>J\u2019ai v\u00e9cu avec un Saint<\/em>, Cerf, 2014 (a favorable view on the life of the pope John-Paul II by his long time assistant).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019anneau de luxure\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Dr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage\u00a0\u00bb etc. (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Legion of Christ\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Ring of Lust\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade against gays\u00a0\u00bb, etc. (english version). This subject is alos used as background information in several chapters of the book.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pope<\/strong><strong> Paul VI (Paulo VI)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Macchi (Pasquale) ; Marcinkus (Paul C.) ; Villot (Jean)<br \/>\n<\/em><strong>\u2013 Biographies <\/strong>: Yves Chiron, <em>Paul VI, Le Pape Ecartel\u00e9<\/em>, Perrin, 1993 ; Jacques Duquesne, \u201cPaul VI, Le Changement en douceur\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Paul VI\u2019s secretary of State, Jean Villot<\/strong>, see : Antoine Wenger, <em>Le Cardinal Jean Villot, 1905-1979, pref. Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e De Brouwer, 1989. See also : Beno\u00eet Fournier, Le Cardinal Jean Villot, Secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat de trois papes, Pr\u00e9face de Paul Poupard, Parole et silence, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Paul VI and the arts<\/strong> : Speech on the arts, June 23, 1973 (<a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/paul-vi\/it\/speeches\/1973\/june\/documents\/hf_p-vi_spe_19730623_collezione-arte-religiosa.html\">here<\/a>) ; see also, among others, this interesting \u201cOmelia di Paolo VI\u201d on Michelangelo for the \u201cQuinto centenario della nascita di Michelangelo\u201d, Feb 29, 1976 (<a href=\"https:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/paul-vi\/it\/homilies\/1976\/documents\/hf_p-vi_hom_19760229.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Paul VI and Jacques Maritain<\/strong> : Paul VI translated the book by Maritain, Trois R\u00e9formateurs : Luther, Descartes, Rousseau, Plon, 1925. According to the biography of Paul VI by Yves Chiron, Mgr Montini read this book in 1926 during a stay in Strasbourg. He wrote to Maritain in December 1926 to ask him permission to translate the book to Italian. The book was published in 1928 by Morcelliana. Mgr Montini wrote a long preface of the book (only signed \u201cg.b.m\u201d) in which he defends Maritain and praise a neo-Thomist theory ; he also criticized fascism (without naming it) for breaking with the Christian humanism and for being a selfish doctrine (see Yves Chiron, <em>Paul VI, Le Pape Ecartel\u00e9<\/em>, Perrin, 1993, pp. 58-59).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Paul VI and Aldo Moro<\/strong>, see : <a href=\"speeches\">Official Prayer by the Pope<\/a> ; on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.treccani.it\/enciclopedia\/9-maggio-1978-lo-schiaffo-a-paolo-vi-storia-e-fallimento-della-mediazione-vaticana-per-la-liberazione-di-aldo-moro_%28Cristiani-d%27Italia%29\/\">Mediation<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the rumor of his homosexuality<\/strong>, see Roger Peyrefite (above) ; see also G\u00e9rald Posner, <em>God\u2019s Bankers: A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon and Schuster, 2015 (voir p. 174). See also the rumor made by the Archibishop Juliusz Paetz in Poland (he even sent to some people photos about a romance between himself and the future Pope, as revealed by the journalists of <em>Gazeta Wyborcza<\/em> in Poland\u00a0: he showed two photos as young priest in Poznan. On the first: he stands together with Pope VI on the beach and both are in shorts and T-shirts. On the second: young Paetz is bare-chested. In this way, he suggested that he was the Pope&#8217;s lover (but Paetz\u2019s testimony is suspicious)\u00a0: see Marcin Kacki\u2019s article in <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,18827073,adam-suwart-donioslem-franciszkowi-na-poznanski-kosciol.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza\u00a0<\/a>: an interview with Adam Suwart, who was told the story by Paetz\u00a0(other source <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,16993011,Kuszenie_w_cieniu_katedry.html\">here<\/a>) ; see also the biography of Pope Paul VI by Maciej Wrzeszcz, who <a href=\"http:\/\/lubimyczytac.pl\/ksiazka\/3968659\/pawel-vi-szkice-do-portretu-wielkiego-papieza\">writes<\/a> that Paetz was part of Paul VI\u2019s entourage \u00abat the explicit wish of the Pope himself\u00bb.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the key book by Franco Bellegrandi, <em>Nichitaroncalli. Controvita di un papa<\/em>, Eiles, 2000 ; reed. Ed. Scrittori italiani e stranieri, 2009 (F. Bellangrandi was an insider at the Vatican from the end of Pius XII\u2019s reign to the beginning of Paul VI\u2019s. He was an \u201chonor chamberlain\u201d of the Sovereign Pontiff \u2013 camarieri di spada i cappa \u2013 which along with the Noble Guards were in charge of services of honor for the Pontiff: introduction of heads of State, ambassadors, or other high-level visitors, assisting the Pontiff at solemn events and private audiences. Bellegrandi has further credentials that give him credibility : when he left his post of service for the Pope, he was chosen to be a correspondent of l\u2019<em>Osservatore Romano<\/em>, the daily paper of the Holy See. In his book, <em>Nichitaroncalli, Controvita di un papa<\/em>, Bellegrandi reports what he saw and heard during his term in the Vatican.<br \/>\n\u2013 Another curious \u201cpriest\u201d, Don Luigi Villa, has also published several texts on the subject, but his credentials and his obsession with conspiracy theories give him little credibility.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the strange book by a Spanish writer, Pepe Rodr\u00edguez who focuses on Freemasons and discusses the homosexuality of Paul VI with new testimonies: P. Rodr\u00edguez, <em>Masoner\u00eda al descubierto, Del mito a la realidad<\/em>, Ediciones Temas de Hoy, 2006 (in spanish). See also : Pepe Rodrigues, \u201cEspana no es diferente\u201d, <em>El Mundo<\/em>, March 19, 1995.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also <em>Paul VI Bienheureux<\/em>, by Luigi Villa, ESR, 2009 (who comments on the allusions to homosexuality).<br \/>\n\u2013 The official denial by Paul VI at the Angelus Domini\u00a0can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/w2.vatican.va\/content\/paul-vi\/it\/angelus\/1976\/documents\/hf_p-vi_ang_19760404.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Loving Friendship\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab Loving Friendship\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Pornography in the church<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Sridhar Pappu, <em>Internet Porn Nearly Ruined His Life. Now He Wants to Help<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/07\/08\/fashion\/mens-style\/anti-internet-porn-addict.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 6, 2016.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Portugal<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On Antonio Ferreira Gomez, archibishop of Porto and a dissident, anti-dictatorship figure, see : Ant\u00f3nio Ferreira Gomes, <em>Lettres au Pape : Regard de l\u2019\u00e9v\u00eaque de Porto sur l\u2019Eglise et sur l\u2019Histoire<\/em>, 2007.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Policarpo : Ant\u00f3nio Marujo, Jorge Wemans, Jos\u00e9 Policarpo, <em>Uma Voz Tranquila No Palco Da Democracia<\/em>, Paulinas, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Carlos Azevedo, former archibishop of Porto, see the article that began the scandal concerning him : \u201cO Segredo do Bispo : Bispo Carlos Azevedo suspeito de ass\u00e9dio sexual\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/visao.sapo.pt\/actualidade\/sociedade\/bispo-d-carlos-azevedo-suspeito-de-assedio-sexual=f713955\">Vis\u00e3o<\/a>, Feb 2, 2013. (The article has been discussed as not being accurate and an act of vengeance, see the book <em>Sodoma <\/em>in chapter \u201cDr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage\u201d). See also <a href=\"https:\/\/estadoeigreja.wordpress.com\/2013\/02\/22\/o-caso-da-vida-sexual-de-d-carlos-azevedo\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dr\u00f4le de M\u00e9nage \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Strange Household\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Poupard (Paul)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French cardinal<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 I read : Paul Poupard, <em>Au Coeur du Vatican, de Jean XXIII \u00e0 Jean-Paul II<\/em>, Perrin, 2003.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : Paul Poupard, <em>Le Vatican<\/em>, Parole et silence, 2004 ; <em>Le Concile Vatican II<\/em>, Salvator, 2012.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab Le Code Maritain \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Maritain Code \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Przydatek (Casimiro)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Polish Jesuit priest<br \/>\n\u2013 Mgr Przydatek is a Polish Jesuit. He was close to John-Paul II\u2019s first inner circle and a friend of Mgr Stanislaw Dziwisz. His name appears in a long research on the funding of Solidarnosc by veteran journalist Fabio Marchese Ragona, <em>Il Caso Marcinkus<\/em>, Chiareletter, 2018 (pp. 118-130).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Prostitution<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On prostitution statistics in Europe, see : <a href=\"http:\/\/tampep.eu\/\">TAMPEP<\/a>, <em>Sex work in Europe, A mapping of the prostitution scene in 25 European countries<\/em>, 2009, 79 p.<br \/>\n\u2013 On legislation and prostitution, see also\u00a0: Emily Bazelon, \u00ab\u00a0Should Prostitution Be a Crime\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/08\/magazine\/should-prostitution-be-a-crime.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, May 5, 2016\u00a0;<br \/>\n\u2013 On escorts and gay priests (Escort Francesco from Napoli) : see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gay.it\/sesso\/news\/intervista-escort-maschi-milano-escort-maschi-napoli\">Gay.IT<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lagazzettadimassaecarrara.it\/cronaca\/2016\/09\/toh-chi-si-rivede-don-euro-in-curia\/\">La Gazzetta<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tgregione.it\/cronaca-regionale\/prete-a-luci-rosse-blitz-dei-carabinieri-nella-casa-di-don-euro\/\">here<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilmonito.it\/index.php\/cronaca\/attualita\/item\/2793-francesco-dopo-aver-denunciato-il-prete-magistrato-firmo-per-la-zonizzazione-radicale\">here<\/a> and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/indignatidadoneuro\/?pnref=story\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 Q \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Queer Theology<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Main theologians : Robert Goss (US Jesuit, openly gay), Marcela Althaus Reid (radical feminist from Argentina), Andr\u00e9 Musskopf (Brazilian Lutherian), Carlos Mendoza-Alvarez (Mexican Dominican), Luiz Carlos Susin (Brazil), Michael Brinkschr\u00f6eder (Germany).<br \/>\n\u2013 Main bibliography\u00a0: Luiz Carlos Susin, <em>The Four Love\u00a0<\/em>; Elizabeth Stuart, <em>Gay and Lesbian Theologies<\/em>\u00a0; Robert Goss: <em>Queering<\/em> <em>Christ<\/em>\u00a0; Marcela Althaus-Reid: <em>Indecent<\/em> <em>Theology<\/em>\u00a0; Mark Jordan: <em>The<\/em> <em>Silence<\/em> of <em>Sodom<\/em>\u00a0; Gerald Loughlin: <em>Alien<\/em> <em>Sex<\/em> (a good sampler with many important articles)\u00a0; Susannah Cornwall: <em>Controversies<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>Queer<\/em> <em>Theology<\/em> (a good introduction). I also recommend Michael Brinkschr\u00f6der: <em>Sodom<\/em> als <em>Symptom<\/em>. <em>Gleichgeschlechtliche<\/em> <em>Sexualit\u00e4t<\/em> im <em>christlichen<\/em> <em>Imagin\u00e4ren<\/em> &#8211; eine religionsgeschichtliche Anamnese, Berlin-New York, 2006.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Bible : Deryn Guest, Robert E. Goss, Mona West, Thomas Bohache (eds.): <em>The<\/em> <em>Queer<\/em> <em>Bible<\/em> <em>Commentary<\/em>, 2nd ed., 2007 (a good overview of queer research on the Bible).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 R \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Ratzinger (Georg)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Older brother of Joseph Ratzinger.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><em>\u25ca See also : Pope Benedict XVI ; Regensburg Sexual Abuse Scandal.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Several mentions of Georg Ratzinger in interviews and biographies by his brother, Pope Benedict XVI. See : Benedict XVI, Lumi\u00e8re du monde, Le pape, l\u2019\u00e9glise et les signes du temps, conversation with Peter Seewald, 2010 ; Benedict XVI, Derni\u00e8res conversations with Peter Seewald, Fayard, 2016 ; Bernard Lecomte, Beno\u00eet XVI, Perrin, 2002, reed. 2011 ; Andrea Tornielli, Beno\u00eet XVI, La Biographie, Citadelle, 2005.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Regensburg sexual abuse scandal, see : Melissa Eddy, \u00ab\u00a0\u2018Culture of Silence\u2019 Abetted Abuse of at Least 547 German Choir Boys, Inquiry Finds\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/18\/world\/europe\/germany-sexual-abuse-boys-choir.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 18, 2017 ; \u201c547 enfants victimes d\u2019abus dans un choeur catholique en Allemagne\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/07\/18\/allemagne-547-enfants-victimes-d-abus-dans-le-ch-ur-catholique-de-ratisbonne_5161967_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, July 18, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the possible implication of Georg Ratzinger, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2010\/03\/07\/le-frere-de-benoit-xvi-dit-ne-rien-avoir-su-des-abus-sexuels-dans-la-chorale-de-ratisbonne_613776\">Liberation<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the sexual abuse scandal in Germany, see : Thomas Wieder, \u201cP\u00e9dophilie : l\u2019\u00c9glise allemande honteuse\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2018\/09\/14\/pedophilie-l-eglise-catholique-allemande-honteuse-et-accablee_5354911_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Sept 15, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ratzinger (Joseph)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See Pope Benedict XVI<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Re (Giovanni Battista)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian cardinal<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Polemic about abortion being worse than rape : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20090309.OBS7897\/excommunication-le-viol-est-moins-grave-que-l-avortement.html\">Nouvel obs<\/a>, 2009.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Regensburg Sex Abuse Scandal<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Pope Benedict XVI ; Georg Ratzinger ; Germany ; Cardinal M\u00fcller ; Thurn und Taxis (Gloria Von) ; Regensburg sex abuse scandal.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 Alison Smale, \u201cOver 200 Members of German Choir Were Abused, Investigator Says\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/01\/09\/world\/europe\/over-200-members-of-german-choir-were-abused-investigator-says.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Jan 8, 2016 ; Melissa Eddy, \u00ab \u2018Culture of Silence\u2019 Abetted Abuse of at Least 547 German Choir Boys, Inquiry Finds\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/18\/world\/europe\/germany-sexual-abuse-boys-choir.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 18, 2017\u00a0; \u201c547 enfants victimes d\u2019abus dans un ch\u0153ur catholique en Allemagne\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2017\/07\/18\/allemagne-547-enfants-victimes-d-abus-dans-le-ch-ur-catholique-de-ratisbonne_5161967_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, July 17, 2018. (Georg Ratzinger, brother of Pope Benedict XVI, said he was unaware of the abuses, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/01\/11\/world\/europe\/pope-benedicts-brother-says-he-was-unaware-of-abuse.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in Part IV on Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Reig Pla (Juan Antonio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Spanish Bishop<br \/>\n\u2013 Reig Pla in favor of reparative therapy, see : El Peri\u00f3dico, <em>12 avril 2012<\/em>\u00a0; El Mundo, 25 April 2012\u00a0; A part of his website is about \u00ab\u00a0Hope and Homosexuality\u00a0\u00bb, where he recommends reparative therapy\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.unav.es\/cdb\/usothomos.html%C2%A0et%20http:\/\/www.obispadoalcala.org\/homosexualidad.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Reig Pla against Pope Francis on \u00ab\u00a0Who am I to judge\u00a0\u00bb, see El Pa\u00eds, 14 mars 2015<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rouco\u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Reparative Therapy (Conversion Therapy for Gays)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Anatrella.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 The main scientific book on the subject in Italy (and a work against reparative therapy) is the book by Vittorio Lingiardi and Nicola Nardelli, Guiding Lines for the psychological treatment and psychoterapy of LGB persons\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.raffaellocortina.it\/scheda-libro\/vittorio-lingiardi-nicola-nardelli\/linee-guida-per-la-consulenza-psicologica-e-la-psicoterapia-con-persone-lesbiche-gay-e-bisessuali-9788860306692-1517.html\">see here<\/a>. See also : New Italian lesbian, gay and bisexual psychotherapy guidelines, a review (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26250604\">here<\/a>) ; Negative Attitudes to Lesbians and Gay Men : Persecutors and Victims (<a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2014-35970-003\">here<\/a> ) ; Measure of internalized sexual stigma for lesbians and gay men : a new scale (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22966998\">here<\/a>) ; Psychoanalytic attitudes towards homosexuality (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15005898\">here<\/a>). (By the same author, see his book : Vittorio Lingiardi, Citizen Gay, Famiglie, diritti negati e salute mentale, Il Saggiatore, 2007 : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibs.it\/citizen-gay-famiglie-diritti-negati-libro-vittorio-lingiardi\/e\/9788842814672\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 See Richard Sandomir, \u201cJoseph Nicolosi, Advocate of Conversion Therapy for Gays, Dies at 70\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/16\/us\/joseph-nicolosi-dead-gay-conversion-therapist.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, March 16, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013<strong> Tonino Cantelmi<\/strong>, founder and president of the Italian Association of Catholic Psychologists and Psychiatrists (AIPPC, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aippc.net\">www.aippc.net<\/a>) was accused of homophobia by the newspaper \u201cLiberazione\u201d (the journalist Davide Var\u00ec pretended to be gay for six months): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/2007\/12\/sezioni\/cronaca\/gay-inchiesta-liberazione\/gay-inchiesta-liberazione\/gay-inchiesta-liberazione.html\">source<\/a>. Cantelmi later reporter what happened to the authority and denied everything: \u201cI\u2019m not so stupid or so criminal to do therapies that are not scientifically proven\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.p40.it\/cantelmi-terapie-riparative\">source<\/a>). In an article from 2008, Tonino Cantelmi wrote about<strong> <em>\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em>egodystonic sexual orientation\u201d (<\/em>The gender identity or sexual preference is not in doubt, but the individual wishes he was different because of associated psychological and behavioral disorders, and may seek treatment in order to change it) and about what can be done to help the patients (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aippc.net\/novita-aippc\/lorientamento-sessuale-egodistonico-catt-e-ps-di-t-cantelmi-4-8\">source<\/a>). In 2015, Tonino Cantelmi wrote about \u201cgender theory\u201d (see: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.puntofamiglia.net\/puntofamiglia\/2015\/11\/03\/ce-chi-dice-si-chi-no-ma-la-teoria-gender-esiste\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.puntofamiglia.net\/puntofamiglia\/2015\/04\/09\/differenziare-non-e-discriminare\/\">here<\/a>). AIPPC signed a petition asking the President of Italy and the Prime Minister of Italy to ban \u201cgender ideology from the schools\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.notizieprovita.it\/petizione-sulleducazione-affettiva-e-sessuale-nelle-scuole\/\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\nIn 2015, AIPPC took part in a rally in Rome in favor of the \u201cnatural family\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.seguonews.it\/cronaca\/giu-le-mani-dai-nostri-bambini-sabato-delegazione-nissena-a-roma-per-manifestare-a-favore-della-famiglia-naturale\/\">source<\/a>). Cantelmi curated the book \u201c<em>Omosessualit\u00e0 e psicoterapie. Percorsi , problematiche e prospettive<\/em>\u201d<em>,<\/em> centered on <em>egodystonic sexual orientation<\/em> with articles from Giorgia Brambilla, Bruno Callieri, Davide Dettore, Antonella Montano, Antonio Onofri, Simonetta Putti, Liliana Secchiaroli, Warren Throckmorton, Barbara Turella, Mark Yarhouse (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francoangeli.it\/Ricerca\/Scheda_libro.aspx?CodiceLibro=1250.151\">here<\/a>). See also : Tonino Cantelmi and Emiliano Lambiase, <em>Omosessualit\u00e0 e psicoterapie &#8211; Percorsi, problematiche e prospettive<\/em>, Franco Angeli, 2010 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibs.it\/omosessualita-psicoterapie-percorsi-problematiche-prospettive-libro-vari\/e\/9788856816716\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Renaissance (Italian Renaissance)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Michelangelo ; Leonardo da Vinci ; Caravaggio ; Art.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 I used Peter Burke, <em>La Renaissance europ\u00e9enne<\/em>, Editions du Seuil, 2000 ; Eugenio Garin, ed., <em>L\u2019homme de la Renaissance<\/em>, Editions du seuil, 1990.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Report of Juli\u00e1n Herranz, Salvatore De Giorgi &amp; Jozef Tomko<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Vatileaks I ; Vatileaks II ; Pope Benedict XVI.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 Report in 2012<em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Jozef Tomko, On Missionary roads (his memoirs REF).<br \/>\n\u2013 Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the supposed transmission of the Herranz, De Giorgi and Tomko report during Pope Francis\u2019s visit to the Pope Emeritus on March 23, 2013, see this video where the alleged report is supposed to be in the box (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/mar\/23\/pope-francis-meets-benedict-xvi\">here<\/a>) ; see also the photo here in this article : Andy Borowitz, \u201cPope Francis tells Pope Benedict to stop rolling his eyes in meetings\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/humor\/borowitz-report\/pope-francis-tells-pope-benedict-to-stop-rolling-his-eyes-in-meetings\">New Yorker<\/a>, May 2, 2013 : ; and \u201cPope Francis and Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI together at Castel Gandolfo\u201d, The Guardian, March 23, 2013.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vatileaks\u00a0\u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ricca<\/strong><strong> (Battista)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A former Santa Sede diplomat and the Director of Domus Sanctae Marthae (the Pope\u2019s personal house). <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 A representative of Pope Francis to the Vatican Bank and the head of the Pope\u2019s houses (Domus Sanctae Marthae and also Domus Internationalis Paulus VI and Domus Romana Sacerdotalis), Battista Ricca is a \u201cMonsignore\u201d but not yet an archibishop nor a nuncio (even though he was a diplomat for a long time in Switzerland and Uruguay). He is known to be close to Pope Francis.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the Ricca scandal : Ricca met Patrick Haari, Captain of the Swiss Guard in Uruguay, and they became close. It looks like everybody knew about the relationship and in 2000, when the Polish nuncio Janusz Bolonek went to Montevideo and was informed about what happened, he informed the Vatican and asked that Haari be removed from his job. Nothing happened. In 2001, Ricca was beaten in a gay club in Bulevar Artigas and needed to be rescued and taken back to the Nunciature. Later that year, Ricca got stuck in an elevator at the Nunciature and when the firefighter came to rescue him, they found he was with a young man later identified by the police. After that episode, thanks to nuncio Bolonek, Ricca was moved away from the Nunciature and Haari was fired. Thanks to Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Ricca was transferred to the Apostolic Nunciature of Trinidad and Tobago, where he stayed till 2004. See : <a href=\"http:\/\/espresso.repubblica.it\/googlenews\/2013\/07\/18\/news\/papa-francesco-e-la-lobby-gay-in-vaticano-1.56816\">L\u2019Espresso<\/a>, July 18th 2003 ; &#8216;Gay romance&#8217; with Swiss soldier shocks Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelocal.ch\/20130721\/prelates-gay-romance-with-swiss-guard-shocks-vatican\">here<\/a>) ; Mons. Ricca and his secret \u201clittle habit\u201d hidden from the Pope (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dagospia.com\/rubrica-3\/politica\/monsignor-ricca-suo-vizietto-tenuto-nascosto-papa-polpetta-59762.htm\">here<\/a>) ; \u201cWho made the dossier about mons. Ricca? Bertone and his men\u201d, according to <a href=\"http:\/\/espresso.repubblica.it\/opinioni\/settimo-cielo\/2013\/09\/30\/news\/chi-preparo-il-fascicolo-su-monsignor-ricca-1.135130\">L\u2019Espresso<\/a>. See also : Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 <u><br \/>\n<\/u>\u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elpais.com.uy\/informacion\/revelan-escandalo-uruguay-asesor-papa-battista-ricca.html\">He was criticized after a 2013 article<\/a> in the Italian weekly <em>L\u2019espresso<\/em> that made public his homosexuality. The article claimed that Ricca, among other things, had a homosexual relationship with a Captain of the Swiss Guard when they both lived in Uruguay between 1999 and 2000. The article has since disappeared from <em>L\u2019Espresso<\/em>\u2019s website, but some foreign media also published articles about the matter, e.g., the Mexican <a href=\"http:\/\/www.proceso.com.mx\/348185\/romance-gay-entre-asesor-del-papa-y-militar-suizo-sacude-al-vaticano\">politics magazine <em>Proceso<\/em><\/a>. The British <em>Telegraph<\/em> also took up the subject; t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/vaticancityandholysee\/10191600\/Popes-eyes-and-ears-in-Vatican-bank-had-string-of-homosexual-affairs.html\">heir article<\/a> enumerates some of the other incidents in Ricca\u2019s past life. On one occasion in 2001 in Urugua,y he allegedly got stuck in a lift. When firemen rescued him, they found a young man trapped in the elevator with him. On another occasion in the same year, the priest was reportedly beaten up in a gay bar and had to call for help, arriving back at the nunciature, the Vatican embassy, with bruises on his face. The alleged scandal has been particularly embarrassing because Mgr Ricca is a trusted confidante of the Pope. As well as having a supervisory role within the Vatican bank, which is officially known as the Institute for the Works of Religion, he is also the director of the Vatican residence where the Pope has chosen to live, having shunned the sumptuous apostolic apartments occupied his by predecessor, Benedict XVI. Regarding this affair, it would also have been what sparked Pope Francis\u2019 famous phrase about gays, \u201cwho am I to judge?\u201d. Supposedly referring to sin, not saying that it is any less sinful, but rather that it is not up to par with a crime, such as pederasty, <a href=\"http:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2015\/10\/05\/with-gay-vatican-priest-firing-time-to-finally-understand-francis-who-am-i-to-judge\/\">according to this article<\/a> in <em>The Federalist<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also on the Ricca affair\u00a0: Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 216\u00a0and 257-258)\u00a0; Sandro Magister, \u00ab\u00a0La lobby gay\u00a0\u00bb, <em>L\u2019Espresso<\/em>, n\u00b029, July, 19, 2013\u00a0(see especially\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il prelato della lobby gay \u00bb). See also\u00a0: John Allen Jr., \u00ab\u00a0Vatican Denies Scandal Report on Vatican bank prelate\u00a0\u00bb, National Catholic Reporter, Jul., 19, 2013\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0New Vatican Bank Official reportedly part of \u201cgay lobby\u201d\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Catholic News Agency<\/em>, July 18, 2013\u00a0; Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 (Fittipaldi develops the case of Battista Ricca and how he managed to make a career in spite of his behavior).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab Qui suis-je pour juger\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Who I\u2019m to judge\u00a0?\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0The pope\u2019s diplomats\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Rimbaud (Arthur)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French poet.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Claudel\u00a0; Ratzinger.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 For the poetry and letters of Rimbaud, I mainly use <em>Oeuvres compl\u00e8tes<\/em>, Biblioth\u00e8que de la Pl\u00e9iade, Gallimard (2009\u2019s edition). See also : Rimbaud, <em>Po\u00e9sies. Une saison en enfer, Illuminations<\/em>, Po\u00e9sie\/Gallimard, 1999 (Pr\u00e9face de Ren\u00e9 Char\u00a0; ed. Louis Forestier)\u00a0; Rimbaud, <em>Je ne suis pas venu ici pour \u00eatre heureux, Correspondance<\/em>, edition by Jean-Luc Steinmetz, GF, Flammarion, 2015 ; and Arthur Rimbaud\/Paul Verlaine, <em>Un concert d&#8217;enfers, Vies et po\u00e9sies<\/em>, Gallimard, Quarto, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 For an analysis of his poetry : Yves Bonnefoy, <em>Notre besoin de Rimbaud<\/em>, La Librairie du XXI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, Seuil, 2009.<br \/>\n\u2013 On <em>Une saison en enfer\u00a0<\/em>:\u00a0Yoshikazu Nakaji, <em>Combat spirituel ou immense d\u00e9rision\u00a0? Essai d\u2019analyse textuelle d\u2019Une saison en enfer<\/em>, Jos\u00e9 Corti, 1987\u00a0; Arthur Rimbaud, <em>Une saison en enfer, \u00e9dition critique de Pierre Brunel<\/em>, Jos\u00e9 Corti, 1987.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the life of Rimbaud\u00a0: Jean-Jacques Lefr\u00e8re, <em>Arthur Rimbaud<\/em>, Fayard, 2001 (the \u00ab\u00a0biographie de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0; Enid Starkie, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, Flammarion, 1982\u00a0; Benjamin Fondane, <em>Rimbaud le voyou<\/em>, Non Lieu, 2010\u00a0; Pierre Petitfils, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, Julliard, 1982. I\u2019ve also used\u00a0: Jean-Baptiste Baronian, ed., <em>Dictionnaire<\/em> <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, coll. Bouquins, Robert Laffont, 2014. See also : Edmund White, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, Rivages, reed 2013 and the astonishing Pierre Michon, <em>Rimbaud le fils<\/em>, Gallimard, Folio, 1991 (for Pierre Michon, Rimbaud is \u00abun de nos Evangiles, \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent\u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Catholicism, Rimbaud and Claudel (in the beginning of 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, Rimbaud was at the center of a battle to \u00ab\u00a0recuperate\u00a0\u00bb him as Catholic writer and deny his homosexuality, when, at the same time, surrealists, Andr\u00e9 Breton and Louis Aragon among others, and homosexuals writers as Andr\u00e9 Gide and Jean Cocteau tried to make him their icon). On this long and complex debate see\u00a0: Paul Claudel, \u00abVers et proses\u00bb, pr\u00e9face aux <em>Oeuvres<\/em>, Mercure de France, 1912 (initially published in <em>La<\/em> <em>Nouvelle<\/em> <em>Revue<\/em> <em>Fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, october 1912). St\u00e9phane Barsacq, <em>Rimbaud<\/em>, <em>Celui<\/em>&#8211;<em>l\u00e0 qui cr\u00e9era Dieu<\/em>, Points Seuil, 2014. See also\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rimbaud catholique\u00a0\u00bb, in Isabelle Rimbaud, <em>Reliques<\/em>, Mercure de France, 1921 (sister of the poet\u00a0; see the text\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Rimbaud catholique\u00a0\u00bb). On Rimbaud and Aragon (and dadaism, surrealism), see : Aragon, <em>Pour expliquer ce que j&#8217;\u00e9tais<\/em>, Gallimard, 1989 (pp. 49-65). See also on Rimbaud and Breton : Maurice Nadeau, <em>Histoire<\/em> <em>du<\/em> <em>surr\u00e9alisme<\/em>, Points-Seuil 1964, pp. 40-41 and Rimbaud, <em>Je<\/em> <em>ne<\/em> <em>suis<\/em> <em>pas<\/em> <em>venu<\/em> <em>ici<\/em> <em>pour<\/em> <em>\u00eatre<\/em> <em>heureux<\/em>, Correspondance, op. cit., pp. 18-19.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Rivera<\/strong><strong> (Norberto)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal and archibishop of Mexico City.<br \/>\n\u2013 Norberto Rivera has taken very vocal stances against homosexuality, especially in the ongoing debate about legalizing same-sex marriage in the whole country. In an article that has now been taken off the web, he wrote that \u201cman\u2019s anus is not meant to receive, only to expell\u201d and that \u201clesbic sex can be a source for the contagion for sexually transmitted diseases\u201d, which would make <a href=\"http:\/\/www.animalpolitico.com\/2016\/08\/los-argumentos-de-la-iglesia-mexicana-en-contra-la-homosexualidad\/\">\u201chomosexuality a matter of public health\u201d since \u201chomosexuals that engage in some sort of sexual relation would contract some STD\u201d. <\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/internacional.elpais.com\/internacional\/2016\/09\/26\/mexico\/1474846676_564173.html?rel=mas?rel=mas\">Other newspapers took the same text and commented on it.<\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 However, Norberto Rivera is also accused of a being light on the sexual abuses\u2019 cover-up. On June 2, 2017, Alberto Athi\u00e9 Gallo, a former priest, and others denouced Norberto Rivera to the Mexican justice for covering up a matter of sexual abuse concerning at least fifteen priests. See this article in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/2017\/06\/07\/opinion\/017a2pol\">La Jornada<\/a>\u00a0(Norberto Rivera might also have played a role in covering up sexual accusations against Marcial Maciel, but he has denied any wrongdoings. see\u00a0: \u25ca Maciel). Until now, the Mexican justice has not acted (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinembargo.mx\/04-07-2017\/3255483\">source<\/a>). <em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Pope Francis criticized harshly Cardinal Rivera for his homophobia (<a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/internacional\/2016\/11\/08\/mexico\/1478623862_222153.html\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover-up : Cardinal Norberto Rivera is mentioned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>). See also : Emiliano Ruiz Parra, \u00ab\u00a0Carlos Aguiar Retes et les \u00e9lections de 2018\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/gatopardo.com\/opinion\/emiliano-ruiz-parra\/carlos-aguiar-retes-arzobispo\/\">Gatopardo<\/a>, Dec 7, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 The opposition between Carlos Aguiar Retes, the new archbishop of Mexico (appointed by Pope Francis) and Roberto Rivera (close to Sodano) and how Aguiar Retes is appointed to break off with Rivera\u2019s years\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/wradio.com.mx\/radio\/2017\/12\/07\/nacional\/1512687117_550983.html\">W Radio\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eluniversal.com.mx\/nacion\/sociedad\/promete-aguiar-cero-tolerancia-pederastia\">Naci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.radioformula.com.mx\/noticias\/mexico\/20171212\/el-arzobispo-aguiar-retes-apoya-la-ley-de-seguridad-interior-combatira-aborto-legal-en-cdmx\/\">Grupo Formula\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.animalpolitico.com\/2017\/11\/seguridad-interior-ley-puntos-clave\/\">Animal Politico\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.milenio.com\/politica\/carlos-aguiar-retes-cardenal-cercano-pena-nieto\">Milenio\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/vanguardia.com.mx\/articulo\/si-se-pudo-le-gritan-carlos-aguiar-retes-nuevo-cardenal-de-la-cdmx\">Vanguardia\u00a0<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.proceso.com.mx\/514243\/catolicas-llama-aguiar-retes-respetar-el-estado-laico-y-no-intervenir-en-politica\">Proceso\u00a0<\/a>; see also <a href=\"https:\/\/lasillarota.com\/opinion\/columnas\/carlos-aguiar-retes-el-nuevo-cardenal-mexicano\/126935\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Legion of Christ \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Romeo<\/strong><strong> (Paolo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former archibishop of Palermo.<br \/>\nAn Italian cardinal (Palermo, Sicilia), former nuncio in Colombia and in Italy. A very homophobic cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 See : <a href=\"http:\/\/palermo.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2011\/05\/07\/news\/chiesa_vietata_ai_gay_cristiani_pregheremo_davanti_al_portone-15897845\/?refresh_ce\">La Repubblica<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it\/palermo\/notizie\/cronaca\/2013\/15-luglio-2013\/festino-immagini-gay-pridesulla-cattedrale-malumori-curia-2222167700908.shtml\">Corriere<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Rouco Varela (Antonio Mar\u00eda)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal, Spain<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See Spain ; John Paul II.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the life of Cardinal Rouco Varela, I read and use extensively in my own work the book by Jos\u00e9 Manuel Vidal, <em>Rouco, La Biograf\u00eda no autorizada<\/em>, Ediciones B, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Rouco\u2019s \u201cresignation\u201d requested by Francis, see this well-informed article : Jos\u00e9 Manuel Vidal, \u201cRouco Varela no quiere irse\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/espana\/2014\/08\/03\/53ddffc9268e3ed8748b456e.html\">El Mundo<\/a>, August 3, 2014 :<br \/>\n\u2013 On the history of Opus Dei, see Joan Estruch, <em>Saints &amp; Schemers, Opus Dei and its paradoxes<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 1995 (with long parts about Spain).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s) : \u00ab Rouco\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab Rouco\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Russia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Studies on the Church and gay persons : see the interview with Igor Kovalevsky (\u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439), in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gazeta.ru\/social\/2014\/02\/14\/5907201.shtml\">Gazeta.ru<\/a> (he explains that gays are not a central question in Russia). In another media outlet, an important scandal about gay parties in seminaries in 2014 (<a href=\"http:\/\/nv.ua\/world\/countries\/v-rpc-razrazilsya-novyy-gey-skandal-23973.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 S \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Sachs<\/strong><strong> (Maurice)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French Writer.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <em>Le Sabbat. Souvenirs d&#8217;une jeunesse orageuse,<\/em> Corr\u00eaa publisher, 1946, by Maurice Sachs is still an interesting novel (see the chapter on Meudon and Maritain\u2019s group).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also\u00a0: Henri Raczymov, <em>Maurice Sachs ou les travaux forc\u00e9s de la frivolit\u00e9<\/em>, Gallimard, 1988 (see also the review of this book by Angelo Rinaldi, \u00ab\u00a0Judas l\u2019obscur\u00a0\u00bb, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, 28 octobre 1988).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Maritain\/Sachs, see their correspondence\u00a0; and see Jean-Luc Barr\u00e9, <em>Jacques et Ra\u00efssa Maritain<\/em>, op. cit., pp. 318-326.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Code Maritain \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Maritain\u2019s Code\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Saint Gallen or St. Gallen (Group)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca Walter Kasper ; Godfried Danneels ; CEI ; Pope Benedict XVI.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 An informal group of liberal bishops and cardinals who met in St. Gallen (Switzerland) from 1995-2006. Run by the Bishop of St. Gallen, Mgr Ivo F\u00fcrer, this group was created by the Germans Bishops Walter Kasper, Karl Lehman, Oskar Saier and the Belgian Cardinal Godfried Danneels. Some key liberal figures attended this annual meeting : Cardinal Ad van Luyn (Netherlands), Basil Hume (UK), Cardinals Carlo Maria Martini and Achille Silvestrini from Itlay, but also Jos\u00e9 da Cruz Policarpo from Lisbon, Cormac Murphy-O\u2019Connor (UK) and Cardinal Lubomyr Husar from Ukraine.<br \/>\n\u2013 About the St. Gallen group, see : Tom Kington, \u201cConservative opposition to Pope Francis spurs talk of a schism in the Catholic Church\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/europe\/la-fg-pope-conservatives-2017-story.html\">Los Angeles Times<\/a>, April 17, 2017 ; see also on the same St. Gallen group, the critical article by Anne Dolhein for <a href=\"http:\/\/reinformation.tv\/cardinal-danneels-mafia-groupe-secret-saint-gall-modernisation-eglise-dolhein-43044-2\/\">Reinformation.\u00a0<\/a>For a critical view, see : Marcantonio Colonna, <em>The Dictator Pope, The inside story of the Francis Papacy<\/em>, Regnery Publishing ; Revised, Updated edition (April 23, 2018) : see chap. 1, \u201cThe St. Gallen Mafia\u201d, pp. 1-20 (the book is a critic of Pope Francis). See also \u201cThe St Gallen Group Confirmed\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/opinion\/swiss-bishops-confirm-existence-of-cardinal-danneels-mafia-against-benedict\">LifeSite<\/a>, Sept 29, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the biography of Godfried Danneels : J\u00fcrgen Mettepenningen &amp; Karim Schelkens and Godfried Danneels, <em>Confidences d\u2019un cardinal<\/em>, Racine, 2009 (interviewed by Christain Laporte ; he discusses the St. Gallen group)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s) : \u00ab La CEI\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab CEI \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Saint Sebastian (Martyr and myth)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Christian Saint and Martyr (circa 288 AD), Saint Sebastian became a popular male saint, especially among gay people. There exist hundreds of paintings and sculptures about the myth, commonly depicting him tied to a tree and shot with arrows.<br \/>\n\u2013 The writer and French Academician Dominique Fernandez wrote a long essay on \u201cSaint Sebastian\u201d and the gay mythology around him : see <em>Le Rapt de Ganym\u00e8de<\/em>, Grasset, 1989 (\u201cSaint S\u00e9bastien, h\u00e9ros tut\u00e9laire\u201d, pp. 149-154), which I used for my description of Saint Sebastian.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sandoval I\u00f1iguez (Juan)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Mexican Cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Mexico ; Marcial Maciel ; Norberto Rivera.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Juan Sandoval \u00cd\u00f1iguez was the Archbishop of Guadalajara. He is retired and still a cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the interesting new translation in English of <em>The Book of Gomorrah and St. Peter Damian&#8217;s Struggle Against Ecclesiastical Corruption<\/em>, 2015, preface by Cardinal Juan Sandova I\u00f1iguez, Publisher: Ite Ad Thomam Books and Media, 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the \u201cCasa de rehabilitaci\u00f3n de pederastas\u201d in Tlaquepaque, see this interesting investigation by the Mexican press : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.informador.com.mx\/jalisco\/2016\/667039\/6\/casa-de-rehabilitacion-de-pederastas-en-tlaquepaque-un-secreto-a-voces.htm\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.informador.com.mx\/jalisco\/2016\/665859\/6\/sandoval-iniguez-admite-que-hubo-proteccion-a-pederastas-en-tlaquepaque.htm\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Criticism on sexual abuses cover up : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.redescristianas.net\/mexico-impune-el-cardenal-juan-sandoval-acumula-demandassanjuana-martinez\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Legions of Christ \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sandri (Leonardo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Argentina ; Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Church<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Argentina ; H\u00e9ctor Aguer ; Cardinal Sodano, Angelo ; Pio Laghi.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Born in Buenos Aires (Argentina) in 1943, Leonardo Sandri was ordained priest by the Archbishop of Buenos Aires Juan Carlos Aramburu and soon became his private secretary before leaving for Rome (Aramburu was later known as a supporter to the Argentine military regime). Since then, Sandri has built his entire career in the Roman Curia. He was nuncio to Venezuela and, after a brief stay in Mexico, Pope John Paul II appointed him Substitute of the Secretariat of State, Angelo Sodano\u2019s right-hand man. He was the voice of John Paul II when the Pope\u2019s health declined. On April 2, 2005, he announced John Paul\u2019s death. In 2007, Sandri was elevated to cardinal and since then he has headed the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.<br \/>\n\u2013 He had close ties to Pio Laghi, questioned for his role as apostolic nuncio during the Argentine dictatorship. When Laghi was assigned to the nunciature in Washington DC, Sandri was the secretary of the mission.<br \/>\n\u2013 In Argentina, until Pope Francis, Sandri acted as the most conservative wing of the Argentine Church\u2019s main contact within the Vatican. Archbishop H\u00e9ctor Aguer was among his closest friends. Sandri was considered one of Bergoglio\u2019s main opponents in the local Church. In the papal conclave of 2005, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pagina12.com.ar\/diario\/elpais\/1-214059-2013-02-17.html\">Sandri told Bishop Justo Laguna, alluding to Bergoglio<\/a>: \u201cYou better pray to Saint Joseph so that he is not the Pope.\u201d In the 2013 conclave, Sandri was considered a front-runner.<br \/>\n\u2013 The banker Francisco Trusso \u2013 related to Aguer and convicted of fraud in a financial scandal that also involved the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires \u2013 took refuge in Sandri\u2019s family summerhouse when he was a fugitive from justice.<br \/>\nThe Cardinal was also a supporter of the Peronist ex-President and current Senator Carlos Menem, convicted on charges of corruption and arms trafficking, and his ambassador to the Vatican, the lobbyist Esteban Caselli. (Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002.)<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover up : Cardinal Leonardo Sandri has been criticized in the Vigan\u00f2 Memo in August 2018 (here the original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">English<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a>) ; he is also mentionned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Buenos Aires \u00bb (french and english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sarah (Robert)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca Africa.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the life of Robert Sarah in Africa and then in Rome, see : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/134413\/politique\/guin-e-mgr-robert-sarah-un-cardinal-vigilant\/\">Jeune Afrique<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2016\/10\/28\/01016-20161028ARTFIG00370-la-longue-marche-du-cardinal-robert-sarah.php\">Le Figaro<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lejdd.fr\/Societe\/Robert-Sarah-ce-cardinal-que-La-Manif-pour-tous-adore-817330\">JDD<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 About the links between Cardinal Sarah and the dissident movement of Mgr Lefebvre see : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.estrepublicain.fr\/actualite\/2015\/12\/04\/le-cardinal-robert-sarah-qui-a-etudie-au-seminaire-de-nancy-s-oppose-aux-reformes-du-pape\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sarah and Africa<\/strong>, see: Robert Calderisi, <em>Earthly Mission, The Catholic Church and world development<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2013 (pp. 80, 81, 234).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On homosexuality<\/strong> : Speech by Cardinal Sarah at the 2015 Synod on the \u201ctwo beasts\u201d evil, see the full <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncregister.com\/blog\/edward-pentin\/cardinal-sarahs-intervention-isis-and-gender-ideology-are-like-apocalyptic-\">transcript<\/a>. In this text he denounces the \u201ctwo beasts\u201d of Evil, \u201cDaesh and homosexuality\u201d. See also: J\u00e9r\u00f4me Cordelier, \u201cMgr Sarah, l\u2019Africain qui veut devenir pape\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/afrique.lepoint.fr\/culture\/religion-mgr-sarah-l-africain-qui-peut-devenir-pape-28-03-2016-2028369_2256.php\">Le Point<\/a>, March 28, 2016. Sarah in favor of \u201cconversion therapies\u201d : see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hommenouveau.fr\/1480\/religion\/exclusif---le-cardinal-sarah-repond-a-des-contradicteurs.htm\">Homme Nouveau<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/religions.blogs.ouest-france.fr\/archive\/2015\/07\/20\/le-cardinal-sarah-preche-la-famille-traditionnelle-14485.html\">Ouest France<\/a> ; and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Urbi-et-Orbi\/Actualite\/Rome\/Le-cardinal-Sarah-repond-a-ses-detracteurs-dans-L-Homme-nouveau-2015-11-19-1382410\">La Croix<\/a>. See also this book by Daniel Mattson, <em>Why I Don\u2019t Call Myself Gay<\/em>, Ignatus Press, 2017, with a foreword by Cardinal Robert Sarah. The cardinal also wrote the preface to Marguerite Peeters, <em>Le Gender, Une norme mondiale ? Pour un discernement<\/em>, \u00e9d. Mame, 2013 (pp. 1-6) (See also : Marguerite Peeters, <em>La mondialisation de la revolution culturelle occidentale<\/em>, Institute for Intercultural Dialogue Dynamics).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>AIDS<\/strong> : Data about AIDS in Guinea, see: <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081113214710\/http:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/our_work\/global_health\/aids\/Countries\/africa\/guinea_05.pdf\">USAID<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 About Cardinal Sarah in Regensburg with Princess Mariae Gloria von Thurn und Taxis for book presentation (with Nicolas Diat) and with the main speaker Cardinal M\u00fcller. In the photo, there is Joseph Ratzinger\u2019s brother, Georg Ratzinger, in the wheelchair, as well as the priest Wilhelm Imkamp. The preface to the German version was written by Georg G\u00e4nswein. (Source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mittelbayerische.de\/region\/regensburg\/stadtteile\/innenstadt\/buchvorstellung-bei-fuerstin-gloria-21345-art1277539.html\">here<\/a>). <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 See also, Michael O\u2019loughlin, \u201cKnights of Columbus Spends Millions to Fight LGBT Rights\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advocate.com\/politics\/religion\/2014\/01\/28\/report-knights-columbus-spends-millions-fight-lgbt-rights\">Advocate<\/a>, Jan 28, 2014 ; on the same issue, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/knights-columbus-financial-forms-show-wealth-influence\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newwaysministry.org\/2017\/06\/07\/new-report-shows-just-how-deep-knights-of-columbus-anti-lgbt-efforts-are\/\">New Ways Ministry<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Robert Sarah answers his detractors in the right-wing Catholic newspaper L\u2019Homme Nouveau : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hommenouveau.fr\/1480\/religion\/exclusif---le-cardinal-sarah-repond-a-des-contradicteurs.htm\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Pope\u2019s Diplomats\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sch\u00f6nborn (Christoph)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Austrian Cardinal, Archibishop of Vienna.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Cardinal Gro\u00ebr ; Cardinal Sodano.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Archbishop Christoph Sch\u00f6nborn has been a liberal figure and a rather gay-friendly person. See his books : C. Sch\u00f6nborn, <em>Le Regard du bon Pasteur<\/em> (a longer version of Antonio Spadaro\u2019s newspaper interview, 2015) ; C. Sch\u00f6nborn, <em>La Vie dans le Christ<\/em>, 2003 ; <em>Une Vie R\u00e9ussie<\/em>, 2009. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2015\/03\/27\/cardinal-raymond-burke-gay-remarried-murderers_n_6957456.html\">this article<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013Cardinal Gro\u00ebr has been accused of multiple sexual abuses, beginning in 1995. In an interview with Austrian Catholic news agency Kauthpress, Cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn of Vienna said in 2010 that Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger had attempted to convince Pope John Paul II to initiate the investigation against Gro\u00ebr but that Cardinal Angelo Sodano had blocked his attempt to investigate Gro\u00ebr\u2019s activities (multiple press clippings from The Independent, Famille Chr\u00e9tienne, Catholic Herald, The Guardian, etc.). An investigation by Hubertus Czernin led to the claim in Czernin\u2019s book, <em>Das Buch Groer<\/em>, that Gro\u00ebr had abused more than 2,000 young men. Gro\u00ebr died in 2003. Sources : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.ie\/world-news\/europe\/vatican-tries-to-shift-blame-for-abuse-on-to-john-paul-26646654.html\">Independent<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.famillechretienne.fr\/eglise\/vie-de-l-eglise\/le-cardinal-schoenborn-accuse-le-cardinal-sodano-d-avoir-minimise-les-affaires-de-pedophilie-17479\">Famille Chr\u00e9tienne<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/europe\/vaticancityandholysee\/7703232\/Vatican-cardinal-attacks-fellow-cardinal-for-covering-up-abuse-case.html\">Telegraph<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/belief\/2010\/jul\/05\/religion-catholicism-schoenborn-sodano-papacy\">The Guardian<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the book about the Gro\u00ebr story : Hubertus Czernin, <em>Das Buch Groer\u00a0: Eine Kirchencrhokik<\/em>, Dokumentation, 1998.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sch\u00f6nborn vs. Sodano\u00a0<\/strong>: On the attacks by Cardinal Schonborn against Sodano for his actions on sexual abuse: Rachel Donadio, \u00ab\u00a0In Rare Memo, Vatican rebukes Cardinal\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/06\/29\/world\/europe\/29pope.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 28, 2010\u00a0; see also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.andreatornielli.it\/?p=524\">this article<\/a> in 2010 where Andrea Tornelli refers to the criticisms by Cardinal\u00a0Christoph Schoenborn against Sodano on the protection of Cardinal Hans Hermann Groer. (See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cath.ch\/newsf\/autriche-le-cardinal-schoenborn-et-l-affaire-groer\/\">Cath.ch<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sch\u00f6nborn on the issues of<\/strong> <strong>family and homosexuality<\/strong>: Antonio Spadaro, \u201cEntretien avec le cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn sur Amoris Laetitia\u201d, <em>La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica<\/em>, Oct 31, 2016, I (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Amoris-laetitia-Entretien-avec-cardinal-Schonborn-2016-07-07-1200774175\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dissidents \u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Second<\/strong><strong> World War (The)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 The Vatican and Homosexuality during the war.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Venturi (Pietro Tacchi). Venturi, a Pro-Mussolini Jesuit priest and gay anti-Semite, see David Kertzer, <em>The Pope and Mussolini\u00a0: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe<\/em>, Random House, 2016. See also\u00a0: Daniel Cosacchi and Eric Martin, ed., <em>The Berrigan Letters\u00a0: Personal Correspondence Between Daniel and Philip Berrigan<\/em>, Orbis, 2016\u00a0; Kevin Madigan will also publish a book on Tacchi Venturi (to be published). See also\u00a0: Garry Wills, \u00ab\u00a0Jesuits Admirable and Execrable\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/2017\/02\/09\/jesuits-admirable-and-execrable\/\">New York Review of Books<\/a>, Feb. 9, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Seminaries and pontifical colleges<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On the gay life in seminars, see Andrew Sullivan, \u201cGay Priests and the lives they no longer want to hide\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/nymag.com\/intelligencer\/2019\/01\/gay-priests-catholic-church.html\">New York Magazine<\/a>, Jan 21, 2019.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the exclusion of homosexuals from seminaries see : Isabelle de Gaulmyn, \u201cRome refuse l\u2019ordination d\u2019homosexuels\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Actualite\/Rome-refuse-l-ordination-d-homosexuels-_NG_-2005-11-24-511490\">La Croix<\/a>, Nov 23, 2005 ; Marie Malzac, \u201cRome publie le nouveau programme des s\u00e9minaires\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Pape\/Le-Vatican-etablit-profil-pretre-demain-2016-12-08-1200808987\">La Croix<\/a>, Dec 8, 2016 : ; see also, \u201cGay Seminarians Face Purge\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gaycitynews.nyc\/stories\/2005\/20\/gay-seminarians-face-2005-09-28.html\">here<\/a>) ; Julie Zauzmer, \u201cThe Vatican reaffirms its position suggesting gay men should not be priests\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/acts-of-faith\/wp\/2016\/12\/07\/the-vatican-reaffirms-its-position-suggesting-gay-men-should-not-be-priests\/?utm_term=.9952021f056b\">Washington Post<\/a>, Dec 7, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 On a slighty more open official text from the Vatican, see : Congr\u00e9gation pour les instituts de vie consacr\u00e9e et les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de vie apostoliques \/ Directives sur la formation dans les instituts religieux (\u00a7 39) : source <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/congregations\/ccscrlife\/documents\/rc_con_ccscrlife_doc_02021990_directives-on-formation_fr.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Pope Francis and the gay seminarists : \u201cIf there is any doubt about homosexuality, better not let them enter the seminary\u201d, May 2018 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2018\/05\/24\/vaticaninsider\/if-there-is-any-doubt-about-homosexuality-it-is-better-not-to-let-them-enter-the-seminary-Rl1b1wdJOWXcOD9Nn2tZmO\/amphtml\/pagina.amp.html?__twitter_impression=true\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the debate on gay seminarists in Spain\u00a0: Luis Arg\u00fcello, bishop and spokesperson of the Spanish Bishops Conference, reacting to Pope Francis\u2019 document \u00ab\u00a0The Gift of the Priestly Vocation\u00a0\u00bb, forbidding the admission of homosexuals, followed the advice on it without knowing it would be impossible in Spain given its anti-discrimination law. On Arg\u00fcello\u2019s original words: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.efe.com\/efe\/america\/sociedad\/la-iglesia-espanola-quiere-sacerdotes-enteramente-varones-heterosexuales\/20000013-3822315\">Efe\u00a0<\/a>; on his rectification, see <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/sociedad\/2018\/11\/23\/actualidad\/1542979825_701825.html\">El Pais<\/a>\u00a0; for an Arg\u00fcello\u2019s profile, see <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/sociedad\/2018\/11\/21\/actualidad\/1542818080_398985.amp.html\">El Pais<\/a>. (The article says Arg\u00fcello\u2019s election is part of Francis\u2019 renovation of the Spanish Bishops Conference (he is \u2018open to the new ecclesial times\u2019), he was ordained as a priest at 33 after studying law, but he has the mind of a man born in 1953 in a small rural town in rural Spain.)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab Les S\u00e9minaristes \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Seminarians \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sepe (Crescenzio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian Cardinal and Archbishop of Naples,<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Vatileaks ; Francesco Mangiacapra<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 The Cardinal-Archbishop of Naples has been mentioned by the press in a possible scandal when he was the prefect of Propaganda Fide : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2015\/03\/20\/curia-di-napoli-i-conti-non-tornano-dipendenti-a-nero-scandali-e-niente-trasparenza\/1522724\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkiesta.it\/it\/blog-post\/2015\/07\/07\/il-cardinale-trame-potere-e-intrallazzi-ai-tempi-di-crescenzio-sepe\/23055\/\">Linkiesta<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2014\/02\/08\/napoli-crescenzio-sepe-narci-cardinale-dei-record\/874022\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/il24.it\/tramonta-la-proroga-sepe-papa-ci-ripensa-pesano-gli-scandali-legati-don-mura\/\">Il 24<\/a>. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/www.frosinonetoday.it\/cronaca\/Giorgia-scaccia-minaccia-morte-cardinale.html\">here<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/m.dagospia.com\/party-satanico-per-festeggiare-halloween-nella-chiesa-di-napoli-le-foto-che-fanno-tremare-la-curia-187662\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uaar.it\/2010\/06\/20\/scandalo-propaganda-fide-indagato-crescenzio-sepe\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 He has been publicly suspected of having covered up cases of pedophile priests : In 2014, a victim of abuse wrote a letter to the Pope saying he was repeatedly abused by his religion teacher, Mons. S. M., since 1989, when he was 13. He said that Crescenzio Sepe knew about it and didn\u2019t do anything to remove the priest or punish him. (See <a href=\"http:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2017\/02\/06\/news\/_copri_gli_abusi_del_prete_pedofilo_denuncia_al_papa_contro_il_cardinale_sepe-157681636\/\">Napoli Repubblica<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2018, he commented on the dossier made by Francesco Mangiacapra saying \u201c<em>Those who made mistakes needs to pay<\/em>\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilmattino.it\/napoli\/cronaca\/dossier_su_preti_gay_il_cardinale_sepe_chi_ha_sbagliato_deve_pagare-3579477.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Roma Termini\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Vatileaks\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Roma Termini\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Vatileaks\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sexual Abuse Scandals<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Maciel (Marcial) ; Chile ; Argentina ; Gr\u00f6er ; United States ; United Nations ; Vatican Sexual Scandals etc.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>General sources<\/strong> : Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 ; C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cVatican, La guerre est declar\u00e9e\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2017\/04\/14\/au-vatican-la-guerre-est-declaree_5111277_3210.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, April, 16-17, 2017. Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cLe Saint-Si\u00e8ge face \u00e0 la p\u00e9dophilie\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>\u201cDirty Dozen\u201d or<\/strong> <strong>\u201cdouze salopards\u201d<\/strong>: List of the 12 cardinals listed by SNAP for sexual abuse, cover-ups of sexual abuse, or critical speeches against victims (\u201csome were placed on the list because of their public remarks related to the abuse scandal\u201d, SNAP said) : <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">CNN<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/societe\/les-victimes-de-pretres-pedophiles-s-invitent-au-conclave-12-03-2013-1638903_23.php\">Le Point<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.snapnetwork.org\/\">SNAP Website<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>United States<\/strong> : On the US Sexual Abuse Scandals : the website <a href=\"http:\/\/bishop-accountability.org\/member\/\">Bishop Accountability<\/a> provides a rich documentation and a list of hundreds of cases with the names of the people accused or condemned ; it is also useful to read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a>, a Catholic newspaper which is well-documented and trustworthy ; finally <a href=\"http:\/\/www.snapnetwork.org\/\">SNAP<\/a>, an association of victims has a lot of information :<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Canada<\/strong> : Regarding Cardinal Marc Ouellet cover-ups : See <a href=\"http:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/603335\/liste-snap-douze-salopards-scandales-pedophilie\">Radio Canada<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 For other countries, see alphabetical country entries<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in several chapters of the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Silvestrini<\/strong> <strong>(Achille)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Italian cardinal<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also : Cardinal Casaroli ; Cardinal Angelo Sodano ; John-Paul II.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Achille Silvestrini (born in 1923) was a close deputy and prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of the late Cardinal Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli. In charge of the Vatican\u2019s relations with states, he was, basically, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the Holy See from 1976 to 1988. When Casaroli had to retire, Silvestrini was supposed to become Cardinal Secretary of State. Casaroli launched a huge campaign to have his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 appointed, but John-Paul II favored Angelo Sodano instead.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the financial scandal that might have implicated Casaroli and Mgr. Silvestrini, see : \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Simeon (Marco)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 A lay Vatican figure, former director of Rai Vaticano and one of the leaders of the Catholic movement \u00abIl Cammino\u00bb. In 2010, he was cited in the Propaganda Fide scandal (system of \u201cGrandi Eventi\u201d, under inquiry by the Italian authorities for the works for the La Maddalena G8, the 2009 World Aquatics Championships and other big events in Italy). He has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blitzquotidiano.it\/politica-italiana\/marco-simeon-non-sono-figlio-del-cardinal-1479042\/\">worked<\/a> with Cardinals Sodano, Bagnasco and Bertone, and was close to Stanis\u0142aw Dziwisz (he was one of the few who had access to the apartment of John Paul II when he was still alive). In 2013, he had to stop <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blitzquotidiano.it\/politica-italiana\/marco-simeon-non-sono-figlio-del-cardinal-1479042\/\">the rumors<\/a> that said that he was Bertone&#8217;s secret son. See also\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lanuovabq.it\/it\/il-comunicatore-vaticano-e-il-colosso-gay-friendly\">here\u00a0<\/a>; and also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blitzquotidiano.it\/sport\/mondiali-linviata-si-aggira-a-bordo-campo-e-il-portiere-della-spagna-casillas-si-distrae-436144\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sodano (Angelo)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal Secretary of State under John Paul II<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Bergoglio (Jorge); Sandri, Leonardo; Argentina; H\u00e9ctor Aguer ; Chile ; Vatican Sexual Scandals; Benedict XVI; John-Paul II; Stanislaw Dziwitz; Silva Henr\u00edquez, Ra\u00fal; Karadima, Fernando; Medina, Jorge.<br \/>\n<\/em> \u2013 <strong>Archives<\/strong> : On Angelo Sodano I\u2019ve mainly worked on archives, especially the US unclassified records about the Chilean Catholic Church during the Pinochet dictatorship. Since the Church was a central issue for US diplomacy and the CIA, much information has been collected. These archives are available at the Museo de la Memoria in Santiago de Chile.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Biography<\/strong> : I use Christophe Dick\u00e8s, ed., <em>Dictionnaire du Vatican et du Saint-Si\u00e8ge<\/em>, Robert Laffont, Bouquins, 2013 (see: Sodano).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>General profile<\/strong>. Published in 2003, this article by the editors of Reflexi\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n\u00a0suggests that Angelo Sodano, Secretary of State of the Vatican from 1990 to 2006, is a crucial actor to look at in order to understand the resignation of Pope Benedict\u00a0XVI. Sodano was closely linked to the Legionaries of Christ, a religious group that came under formal scrutiny under Pope Benedict\u00a0XVI after he declared the leader of that religious order, the Mexican Marical Maciel, guilty of the charges of pederasty that had haunted Maciel for decades. Sodano is also mentioned\u00a0in\u00a0relation to the finances of the Vatican. Sodano headed the Vatican Commission for economic matters at a time of scandal. Ten days after the Pope stepped down from the Chair of St. Peter, a friend of Sodano\u2019s became the head of the Vatican bank, formally known as the Institute of Religious Works (IOR), in spite of criticism that he was involved with the weapons industry. Without making any straight accusations, the article gives the reader enough elements to suppose Sodano played a defining role in the resignation of Pope Benedict\u00a0XVI.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Homilies\u00a0<\/strong>: A selection of Angelo Sodano\u2019s homilies has been published in <em>Verso le Origini, una genealogia episcopale<\/em>, Libreria Editrice Vaticana ; they also are available <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vatican.va\/roman_curia\/secretariat_state\/index_sodano_fr.htm\">online<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Chile<\/strong> <strong>(1977-1988) <\/strong>: In Nov. 1977, Pope Paul VI appointed Sodano apostolic nuncio to Chile on the fourth anniversary of Augusto Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship. He stayed in the country for a decade, until 1988, two years before Pinochet left power. Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli entrusted him with the mission of restoring unity within the Chilean Church hierarchy and \u201cto prod the government of Chile towards greater respect for human rights,\u201d according to a 1978 <a href=\"https:\/\/wikileaks.org\/plusd\/cables\/1978ROME05277_d.html\">US declassified cable<\/a> from their embassy in Rome. \u2022 Upon arriving, Sodano found a very complex scenario: the Chilean Church was divided and, in parallel, the political and humanitarian situation of the country was alarming. Part of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, commanded by Cardinal Ra\u00fal Silva Henr\u00edquez, Archbishop of Santiago, was increasingly confronting Pinochet\u2019s regime for its human rights situation. Silva had founded the Vicariate of Solidarity \u2013 the main Chilean organization in defense of the victims \u2013 and, in practice, led the pubic opposition to the regime. Another sector of the Church was pro-Pinochet, supporting conservative social policies and the struggle against Communism. \u2022 Sodano\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pablo.cl\/index.php?seccion=articulos&amp;art=195\">inclination in favor of the pro-government<\/a> wing quickly became evident (See : Rafael Otano, <em>Nueva cr\u00f3nica de la transici\u00f3n<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, LOM, 2016, 325-241). \u201cThe delicate balance of power is tipped toward the center-right by the papal nuncio Angelo Sodano, who while privately critical of Pinochet is highly concerned about Communist infiltration,\u201d another <a href=\"https:\/\/foia.state.gov\/searchapp\/DOCUMENTS\/StateChile3\/00006FC2.pdf\">US declassified document stated<\/a>. His <a href=\"http:\/\/www.feadulta.com\/anterior\/iglesia-declaracion-publica-Solano.htm\">interventions<\/a> in the Episcopal Conference meetings were permanent as well as his influence in the appointment of conservative bishops who disregarded human rights violations or had a non-interventionist position in political and social issues. When Cardinal Silva turned 75, his resignation was quickly accepted and Sodano <a href=\"http:\/\/diario.elmercurio.com\/detalle\/index.asp?id=%7Bbcf26c92-b5b0-45b4-9080-bb4330eb3c13%7D\">influenced the designation<\/a> of the moderate Juan Francisco Fresno. When Pinochet\u2019s wife, Luc\u00eda Hiriart, heard about the replacement, she said: \u201cGod heard us!\u201d In the appointment of bishops, Sodano used all available means to favor conservative priests (<em>An\u00e1lisis<\/em>, Apr. 1987). From 1980 to 1987, the vast majority (14 of 19) of new bishops were theologically and politically conservative. \u201cWith the appointment of Fresno, Sodano became like a \u2018co-cardinal\u2019 or local bishop (Mary Mooney, \u201cChallenge to authority: Catholic laity in Chile and the United States 1966 \u2013 1987\u201d, a thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University, 1994). \u2022\u00a0His influence was not limited to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. He also interfered in every aspect of the pastoral activity, censoring Catholic teachers and publications (<em>An\u00e1lisis, <\/em>April 1987), and reprimanded priests and nuns for participating in protests and political activities against the regime (David Fern\u00e1ndez, <em>La \u201cIglesia\u201d que resisti\u00f3 a Pinochet<\/em>, Madrid, Iepala, 1996). He periodically reported to the Vatican on the activities of the so-called \u201cprogressive sector\u201d of the Church, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.feadulta.com\/anterior\/iglesia-declaracion-publica-Solano.htm\">according to lay organizations<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Sources on Sodano and collaboration with Pinochet<\/strong> : Many articles and other sources of information suggested that he was in favor of Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship : <a href=\"http:\/\/tempsreel.nouvelobs.com\/monde\/20050411.OBS3618\/portrait-le-cardinal-angelo-sodano.html\">L\u2019Obs<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Archives\/2000-03-30\/L-Eglise-est-partagee-sur-Augusto-Pinochet-CHILI-_NP_-2000-03-30-105421\">La Croix<\/a> ; Some Wikileaks cables have confirmed the long silence by the Vatican on the violence of the Pinochet regime (the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/monde\/wikileaks-le-vatican-a-longtemps-minimise-les-crimes-de-pinochet-08-04-2013-1652114_24.php\">documents<\/a> are from 1973, before Sodano occupied his post) ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alterinfos.org\/spip.php?article1767\">Petition<\/a> from several religious organizations in Chili against Cardinal Sodano ; Written in 2003,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/archivo.eluniversal.com.mx\/internacional\/29450.html\">this profile by the Mexican newspaper El Universal<\/a>\u00a0describes Angelo Sodano as an \u00e9minence grise: someone who came as close to the power of the Church as possible without being the Pope himself, but also someone who went to great lengths to leave no traces of his public and private life behind. The profile underlines the importance of Sodano\u2019s role in securing the Vatican\u2019s support for the Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet: Sodano organised a papal visit to Chile while Pinochet was in power, and he counselled John Paul\u00a0II\u2014the pope at the time\u2014to give the communion to Pinochet. During this visit, the Pope also greeted a Chilean crowd from a balcony, standing alongside Pinochet for journalists to snap photographs, in what came to be seen as a strong symbol of political support. The profile adds that Sodano was also behind the Pope\u2019s congratulatory letter for Pinochet\u2019s golden jubilee.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Human Rights in Chile.<\/strong> Sodano\u2019s role in human rights violations during the Pinochet regime is a matter of controversy. Although nobody accuses him of having directly participated in crimes, when part of the local hierarchy was struggling against military abuses, he had an omissive participation and even complicity in the persecution of dissident priests and nuns. A <a href=\"https:\/\/foia.state.gov\/searchapp\/DOCUMENTS\/StateChile3\/00005B5E.pdf\">US State Department declassified document from 1978<\/a> revealed an episode in which Sodano intervened to stop Church complaints against the regime. When the first evidence of disappeared people were found, Cardinal Silva Henr\u00edquez prepared a strong homily and Sodano \u201cencouraged the cardinal to go easy.\u201d According to the document, Silva was \u201cnot sure where the Pope [John Paul II] stands on Church involvement in temporal concerns.\u201d \u2022 Foreign minister <a href=\"https:\/\/foia.state.gov\/searchapp\/DOCUMENTS\/StateChile3\/00007374.pdf\">Jaime Del Valle told the US Ambassador to Chile<\/a>: \u201cBoth the Holy See and the Nuncio [Sodano] had been telling the government to go ahead and prosecute anyone they found in Church organizations who was involved in \u2018subversive\u2019 activities.\u201d Jaime Escobar, a theologian affiliated with liberation theology through the magazine <em>Reflexi\u00f3n y Liberaci\u00f3n<\/em>, said: \u201cIt is more than proven that the Nuncio [Sodano] was an informer [to Pinochet] of priests with a critical tendency towards the military regime\u201d (Fern\u00e1ndez, 1996). \u2022 Sodano never spoke in public about the detention and murder of the priests Joan Alsina, Miguel Woodward, Antonio Llid\u00f3, Gerardo Poblete, and Andr\u00e9 Jarlan. He also did not say anything after the 1985 murder of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.casosvicaria.cl\/temporada-dos\/el-mas-duro-rival-de-pinochet-cierra-sus-puertas\/\">Jos\u00e9 Manuel Parada<\/a>, employee of the Vicariate of Solidarity and member of the Communist Party. He is <a href=\"http:\/\/piensachile.com\/2013\/02\/la-giocatta-de-don-angelo-sodano-amigo-de-pinochet\/\">mentioned as an accomplice in the expulsion<\/a> from Chile of the French priests Pierre Dubois, Jaime Lancelot, and Daniel Caruette, who worked in La Victoria, a settlement in the south of Santiago where Jarlan was killed two years before. In 1983, three other foreign priests were expelled; while the Vicariate of Solidarity \u201ccategorically rejected the charges\u201d against them, Sodano \u201cpublicly lamented the expulsion in much vaguer and more general terms,\u201d according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/foia.state.gov\/searchapp\/DOCUMENTS\/StateChile3\/000062B8.pdf\">report produced by the US Embassy<\/a>: \u201cThe Nuncio is known to be dismayed at the open political activism of some priests in Santiago whom he considers to be transgressing papal guidelines.\u201d \u2022 He also had a privileged role in the diplomatic corps in Chile and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pablo.cl\/index.php?seccion=articulos&amp;art=195\">curbed foreign ambassadors\u2019 claims<\/a> on human rights violations.<br \/>\n\u2013\u00a0<strong>Pinochet. <\/strong>Sodano frequently participated in official activities upon invitation by the military regime. But Sodano\u2019s relationship with the regime also had moments of harshness. In 1984, four members of the revolutionary group MIR who participated in the murder of the military governor of Santiago asked for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.memoriachilena.cl\/archivos2\/pdfs\/MC0041484.pdf\">political asylum in the nunciature<\/a>. After several days of negotiation with the government and the personal intervention of Sodano, they finally obtained safe passage to leave the country despite the pressure of the regime that even sieged the Vatican building using military forces. <a href=\"http:\/\/natcath.org\/NCR_Online\/archives2\/2000b\/060200\/060200a.htm\">Pinochet awarded Sodano<\/a> the Chilean Grand Cross of the Order of Merit for his \u201cskills and influence\u201d in diplomacy. \u2022 In 1993, when the dictator was out of power, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1999\/02\/21\/internacional\/919551606_850215.html\">Sodano sent a greeting card to him<\/a> on behalf of Pope John Paul II to celebrate Pinochet\u2019s golden wedding anniversary, highlighting the exemplarity of the couple. Sodano\u2019s personal letter accompanied the telegram: \u201cMr. General, this is the expression of my highest and most distinguished consideration.\u201d \u2022 As Secretary of State, Sodano intervened directly in favor of the release of Pinochet from London. The general was detained in September 1998 with an order of extradition from the Spanish Judge Baltasar Garz\u00f3n on charges of genocide, murder, and torture. Pinochet was finally released in March 2000. \u2022 His connections, however, were not only political. He also displayed his influence in the Catholic University of Chile, were students used to see him walking around and lecturing, and among businessmen who supported the coup.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>John Paul II\u2019s visit to Chile in 1987.<\/strong> Sodano led the organization of the papal visit at a time of an increasing internal and external pressure for a democratic exit from Pinochet\u2019s dictatorship. It was officially a religious visit but Sodano and Pinochet\u2019s government <a href=\"http:\/\/especiales.latercera.com\/2016\/pinochetdiezanosdespues\/pdf\/pinochet-especiallt.pdf\">managed to include a meeting<\/a> in the presidential palace and, finally, a <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/1987\/04\/03\/internacional\/544399208_850215.html\">greeting of the Pope from a balcony<\/a> with Pinochet on his left. The picture traveled around the world and aroused great controversy. The regime used it as an evidence of the papal support while others considered the visit a support to the country\u2019s pacification, a call for unity, and the end of political violence. Sodano was <a href=\"http:\/\/diario.elmercurio.com\/detalle\/index.asp?id=%7Bbcf26c92-b5b0-45b4-9080-bb4330eb3c13%7D\">accused of exercising prior restraint<\/a> on the speeches read by laymen in order to remove any political implication. He was also blamed of avoiding an official visit to the Vicariate of Solidarity.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>The Legion of Christ in Chile.<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.udp.cl\/funciones\/descargaArchivos.asp?seccion=documentos&amp;id=128\">Sodano\u2019s relationship with the Legion of Christ<\/a> later deepened when he became Cardinal Secretary of State. This relationship began with the arrival of the religious institute to Chile in 1980. His connection was mostly through the Irish priest Raymund Cosgrove, who introduced him to Marcial Maciel in Santiago. Sodano was also a frequent visitor to the novitiate of the Legion in Santiago and was the one who put them in contact with high-ranking officials in the regime. Maciel became a staunch supporter of Pinochet.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Fernando Karadima.<\/strong> Shortly after his arrival to Chile, Sodano became very close to Karadima, a powerful parish priest of the church of El Bosque, in Santiago, frequented by the conservative elite. The visits to the parish were so frequent that one room of the church was called \u201cthe Nuncio\u2019s room.\u201d Testimonies indicate that at these meetings Karadima provided Sodano with political and pastoral information about priests and bishops, thanks to his large network of informants within the Church, and promoted priests who belonged to his inner circle of power. Witnesses say that Sergio Rill\u00f3n, one of Pinochet\u2019s main advisors and officially in charge of the liaison with the Church, also participated in the meetings. Four of Karadima\u2019s closest disciples became bishops with the support of Sodano. In 2010, Karadima was declared guilty by the Vatican of sexual abuse of minors and assigned to a life of prayer and penance. (Sources : M. Olivia Monckeberg, <em>Karadima: el se\u00f1or de los infiernos<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2011; Juan Andr\u00e9s Guzm\u00e1n, Gustavo Villarrubia, and M\u00f3nica Gonz\u00e1lez, <em>Los secretos del imperio Karadima<\/em>, <em>La Investigac\u00edon definitive sobre el esc\u00e1ndalo que remeci\u00f3 a la iglesia chilena<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Catalonia\/UDP, 2011; Juan Carlos Cruz, <em>El fin de la inocencia<\/em>, Santiago de Chile, Debate, 2014).<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Argentina.<\/strong> Sodano established a close relationship with President Carlos Menem (1989-99). Menem\u2019s administration was completely aligned with the Vatican anti-abortion position in international forums. The President also established the \u201cday of the unborn child\u201d to ingratiate himself with his pro-life allies in the Vatican (four months later, the Vatican <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipsnews.net\/1999\/06\/population-argentina-vatican-honours-menems-anti-abortion-stance\/\">awarded Menem the Pathway for Peace prize<\/a> at the UN headquarters in New York). \u2022 While the Vatican decorated Menem, most of the Argentine episcopate condemned the government\u2019s corruption and economic adjustment policies. \u2022 In 1999, during Menem\u2019s sixth and last visit to Pope John Paul II, Sodano summoned the President to join a forum of dignitaries aimed at spreading the doctrine of the Church worldwide. (Olga Wornat, <em>Nuestra Santa Madre<\/em>, Buenos Aires, Ediciones B, 2002) \u2022 One of the key connections between Menem and Sodano was Esteban \u201cCacho\u201d Caselli, a former ambassador to the Holy See considered the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/1564333-de-pronto-todo-ha-cambiado\">main Argentine lobbyist<\/a> in the Vatican (until Francis). Caselli was an important fundraiser who could obtain public donations for the Vatican from the Menem administration. Called \u201cThe Bishop,\u201d Caselli also had a great <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/1563442-caselli-deja-de-ser-el-argentino-con-mayores-influencias-en-el-vaticano\">influence in the conservative wing of the Argentine episcopate<\/a> and close ties to Cardinal Leonardo Sandri (Sodano\u2019s right-hand man as Substitute of the Secretariat of State). Caselli was appointed Argentine ambassador to the Holy See in 1997 and in 2008 he was elected Italian Senator as part of Silvio Berlusconi\u2019s coalition. An <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cronista.com\/economiapolitica\/Cacho-un-cuervo-que-agoniza-20130325-0037.html\">article<\/a> reports that Caselli also helped a brother of Sodano to avoid bankruptcy of his construction company. John Paul II honored him <em>Gentiluomo di Sua Santit\u00e0<\/em>. Caselli was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2011\/09\/23\/vaticaninsider\/es\/en-el-mundo\/esteban-caselli-para-los-amigos-el-obispo-BQOJbQAkBMOlovXqP0Ph6J\/pagina.html\">involved in corruption scandals<\/a> in Argentina and Italy.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Bergoglio v. Sodano.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/mundo\/abusos-sexuales-iglesia-chile-sodano-espiscopado-chileno-jorge-bergoglio_0_rkh_dUpsM.html\">According to Pope Francis\u2019 biographer Sergio Rub\u00edn<\/a>, \u201cSodano was probably the main internal enemy of Jorge Bergoglio when he was Archbishop of Buenos Aires.\u201d At that time, Bergoglio \u201cquestioned the kind of relations between Argentina and Sodano [when Menem was president]. There were speculations about operations led by the most conservative sectors of the Vatican and the Argentine Church itself (they were and are a minority) to displace Bergoglio from the archbishopric of Buenos Aires and throw him to an insignificant position in Rome.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Pinochet\u2019s amnesty\u00a0<\/strong>: Published in 1999,\u00a0this article by the Spanish newspaper El Pa\u00eds,<em>\u00a0<\/em>sets the Opus Dei and Cardinal Angelo Sodano, the main diplomat of the Vatican in Chile during the Pinochet government and later on Secretary of State for the Vatican, as the central figures in an effort to use Vatican mediation to grant Augusto Pinochet amnesty while he was still in the UK but facing extradition. Once the press had linked Sodano to the amnesty effort for a dictator, the cardinal would go on to justify his actions\u00a0by saying he had been moved for \u201chumanitarian motives\u201d.\u00a0Many other articles in the Spanish-speaking world took up this information. This\u00a0article by the Argentine journal P\u00e1gina\u00a012\u00a0quotes Sodano\u2019s words about humanitarian motives more closely.\u00a0See also\u00a0: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Archives\/2000-02-18\/Mgr-Angelo-Sodano-estime-que-Augusto-Pinochet-a-le-droit-de-retourner-dans-son-pays-_NP_-2000-02-18-102268\">La Croix<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Positions on<\/strong> <strong>pedophilia and sexual abuse<\/strong>: Many books and articles have been written mentioning the links between Cardinal Sodano, John Paul II and Father Marcial Maciel. I use, among others : Jason Berry and Gerald Renner, <em>Vows of Silence. The Abuse of Power in the Papacy of John Paul II<\/em>, Free Press, 2004 (from Jason Berry see also his anti-Pope John Paul II article : Jason Berry, \u201cThe Shame of John Paul II : How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/shame-john-paul-ii-how-sex-abuse-scandal-stained-his-papacy\/\">The Nation<\/a>, April 27, 2011 ; Jason Berry, \u201cFather Marcial Maciel and the Popes he stained\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/father-marcial-maciel-and-popes-he-stained-62811\">Newsweek<\/a>, Nov 3, 2013. See also : Jason Berry, \u201cFrancis Must Fix-Up Cover-Up culture that John-Paul II enabled\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/francis-must-fix-cover-culture-john-paul-ii-enabled\">NCROnline.org<\/a>, Feb 21, 2019.<br \/>\n\u2013 The Wikileaks cables have confirmed the intervention of Cardinal Sodano to avoid financial sanctions for the Holy See after pedophilia cases. On this point see: Gerald Posner, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, pp. 409-410. In 2005, an article already confirmed how Cardinal Sodano refused any investigation on Marcial Maciel (<a href=\"http:\/\/articles.latimes.com\/2005\/nov\/20\/opinion\/op-catholic20\">source<\/a>). This other Mexican article also focuses on Sodano (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jornada.unam.mx\/2014\/04\/28\/politica\/005a1pol\">La Jornada<\/a>). See also this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.diariovasco.com\/v\/20100516\/mundo\/angelo-sodano-cardenal-caido-20100516.html\">article\u00a0<\/a>; another article published by the <a href=\"http:\/\/ciperchile.cl\/2013\/08\/08\/las-cartas-que-obispos-y-sacerdotes-leales-a-karadima-enviaron-al-vaticano-para-exculparlo\/\">Center for Journalistic Investigation<\/a>\u00a0(CIPER, by its name in Spanish)\u00a0; and this movie, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt4341806\/\">released in 2015.<\/a> See also on Cardinal Sodano : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Schonborn vs. Sodano\u00a0<\/strong>: On the attacks by Cardinal Schonborn against Sodano for his actions on sexual abuse\u00a0: Rachel Donadio, \u00ab\u00a0In Rare Memo, Vatican rebukes Cardinal\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/06\/29\/world\/europe\/29pope.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 28, 2010. Another <a href=\"http:\/\/www.andreatornielli.it\/?p=524\">source<\/a> mentions the fact that cardinal\u00a0Christoph Schonborn from Vienna accused Sodano to have defended cardinal Hans Hermann Groer.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the possible cover-up\u00a0of Macial Maciel\u2019s pedophilia scandal<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/money-paved-way-maciels-influence-vatican\">NCRonline<\/a> 1\u00a0; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/blogs\/all-things-catholic\/what-do-about-sodano\">NCROnline<\/a> 2\u00a0; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.americamagazine.org\/content\/all-things\/will-cardinal-sodano-resign-over-maciel\">America Magzine<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On sexual abuse cover-up and responsibility, see this analysis\u00a0<\/strong>: John Allen, On Cardinal Sodano and the meaning of \u2018accountability\u2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/cruxnow.com\/news-analysis\/2018\/08\/12\/on-cardinal-sodano-and-the-meaning-of-accountability\/\">Crux<\/a>, Aug 12, 2018. See also\u00a0: Edward Pentin, \u00ab\u00a0The Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The Catholic World Report<\/em>, May 4, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Political and financial scandals by the Sodano family\u00a0<\/strong>(Sodano\u2019s nephew Andrea Sodano is possibly involved, and the overall potential financial family links to Marcial Maciel): Jason Berry, \u201cTha Shame of John Paul II : How the Sex Abuse Scandal Stained His Papacy\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/shame-john-paul-ii-how-sex-abuse-scandal-stained-his-papacy\/\">The Nation<\/a>, April 27, 2011 ; Edward Pentin, \u201cThe Allegations Against Cardinal Sodano\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2011\/05\/04\/the-allegations-against-cardinal-sodano\/\">Catholic World Report<\/a>, May 4, 2011. See also : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/osservatore-vaticano\/le-changement-cest-sodano-85-ans\">Riposte La\u00efque<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Sodano under Benedict XVI\u00a0:<\/strong> See also the criticisms and insinuations in\u00a0: Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (not translated into English nor Italian ; the book has been panned by the Pope\u2019s spokesman, Federico Lombardi, who considers it \u00ab seriously misleading \u00bb).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Anneau de luxure\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0La Croisade contre les gays\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Dr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage\u00a0\u00bb and many other chapters (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Sacred College \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Legionnaires of Christ\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab The Ring of Lust\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0The Crusade againt gays\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Strange Household\u00a0\u00bb etc.\u00a0 (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Sodom<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 City of Sodom, History, Archeology, Climatology, Myth.<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See also: Dead Sea (The) ; Loth ; and Orient Travels (Literature)<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Interpretation of Sodom in the Bible<\/strong> : For the mentions of Sodom in the Bible and its interpretation, I mainly use the significant book by Thomas R\u00f6mer, <em>L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans le Proche-Orient ancien et la Bible<\/em>, Labor and Fides, Gen\u00e8ve, 2016 (about Sodom and \u201cGenese 19\u201d, see chapter II, pp. 54-64 ; for the New Testament, see chapter IV, pp. 113-121 ; see also the conclusion and the bibliography). I also use the classic book by John Boswell, <em>Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality<\/em>, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 91-117.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the history of Sodom (according to the Old Testament)<\/strong> : I follow the Bible in Genesis 14\u00a0; 18\u00a0and 19\u00a0; Deuteronomy 29.21-23\u00a0and 32.32 ; Amos 4.11\u00a0; Jeremy 23.14\u00a0; 49.18\u00a0and 50.40\u00a0; Isaiah (Isa\u00efe) 1.9\u00a0; 3.9\u00a0and 13.19\u00a0; Zephaniah (Sophonie) 2.9 ; Lamentations 4.6\u00a0; and Ezekiel (Ez\u00e9chiel) 16.46-58.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the history of Sodom (according to the New Testament)<\/strong>\u00a0: Matthew 10.1-15\u00a0and 11.20-24\u00a0; Mark 6.11\u00a0; Luke 9.51-56\u00a0; 10.12\u00a0and 17.29\u00a0; Epistle to the Romans\/Epitre aux Romains 9.29\u00a0; Peter II 2.6-7\u00a0; Jude 17\u00a0; Revelations\/Apocalypse 11.8. See also, Andr\u00e9-Marie Gerard, <em>Dictionnaire de la Bible<\/em>, Robert Laffont, 1989 (voir Sodome, pp. 1292-1293) and the very useful chapter XXIII \u00ab\u00a0The Dead Sea\u00a0\u00bb by George Adam Smith in <em>The Historical Geography of the Holy Land<\/em>, Hodder and Stoughton, 1897 (see pp. 497-516).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the archeological debate<\/strong> : I follow Konstantinos Politis in <em>Sanctuary of Lot at Deir Ain Abata in Jordan<\/em>, National Press of Jordan\/British Museum, 2012 ; I have also read Thomas Schaub &amp; Walter Rast, <em>B\u00e2b Edh-Dhr\u00e2, Excavations in the Cemetery, Directed by Paul Lapp, 1965-1967<\/em>, The American School of Oriental Research, 1989. See also, the short chapter by Konstantinos Politis, \u201cLost cities of Sodom &amp; Gomorrah : Real of Imaginated\u201d, in Brian Fagan, <em>The Seventy Great Mysteries of the Ancient World: Unlocking the Secrets of Past Civilizations<\/em>, Thames and Hudson, 2001.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Bronze Age<\/strong> : The Bronze Age (3300-1200 BCE) is traditionally divided in three periods : Early Bronze = 3300\u20132300 BCE ; Middle Bronze = 2300-1550 BCE ; Late Bronze 1550-1200 BCE. Today, archeologists believe Sodom might have existed in the Middle Bronze period, but it is still open to discussion.<br \/>\n\u00ad\u2013 <strong>Expeditions<\/strong> : For the 1847 expedition led by US Army\u2019s Lt. William Lynch (1801-1865) to \u201cfix the exact elevation of the Dead Sea, to collect scientific specimens and to try to find the ruins of Sodom and Gomorrah and sustain the Book of Genesis account of the cities\u2019 destruction\u201d see : Andrew Jampoler, <em>Sailors in the Holy Land: The 1848 American Expedition to the Dead Sea and the Search for Sodom and Gomorrah<\/em>, Naval Institute Press, 2005 ; for the 1924 expedition to the Southeastern Dead Sea Region and the discovery of B\u00e2b edh-Dhr\u00e2, see Thomas Schaub &amp; Walter Rast, B\u00e2b Edh-Dhr\u00e2, Excavations in the Cemetery, edited by Paul Lapp, 1965-1967, op. cit.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Other theories<\/strong> : For a different approach, and another hypothetical location for Sodom (at Tall al-Hamman, North of the Dead Sea) see Steven Collins &amp; Latayne Scott, Discovering the City of Sodom, Howard Books, 2013. And see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/10\/16\/the-long-quest-to-find-the-biblical-cities-of-sodom-and-gomorrah\/?utm_term=.8a100cd2c787\">The Washington Post<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/popular-archaeology.com\/issue\/fall-2015\/article\/possible-site-of-ancient-sodom-yields-more-finds\">Popular Archaeology<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Geological &amp; Climatological background<\/strong> : The most accurate study about geological and climatological causes that might explain the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, see David Neev &amp; K. O. Emery, <em>The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah and Jericho, Geological, Climatological and Archaeological Background<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 1995 (see especially chapters 4 and 6).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the myth of Sodom as a city of homosexuals<\/strong> : Michael Carden, Sodomy : A History of a Christian Biblical Myth, Oakville, 2004 ; Weston W. Fields, Sodom and Gomorrha, History and Motif in Biblical Narrative, Sheffield, 1997 ; Ed Noort and Eibert Tigchelaar, Sodom\u2019s Sin, Genesis 18-19 and its interpretation, Leiden, 2004.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in an unpublished chapter(s) about the search of the city of Sodom\u00a0: see online\u00a0: <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr\">http:\/\/www.sodoma.fr<\/a><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Solidarnosc<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Polish Catholic Union<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See: Dziwisz (Stanislaw) ; Solidarnosc ; Pope John Paul II ; Glodz (Slawoj Leszek) ; Mokrzycki (Mieczyslaw) ; Przydatek (Casimiro) etc.<\/em><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the possible funding of Solidarnosc<\/strong> : I mainly use the book by Fabio Marchese Ragona, <em>Il Caso Marcinkus<\/em>, Chiarelettere, 2018 (on the funding of Solidarnosc, the book suggests that more than one billion dollars was transferred from\/by the Vatican to Solidarnosc in the 1980s ; Archbishop Marcinkus, Stanislaw Dziwisz and the Polish Jesuit priest Casimiro Przydatek might have been the main architects of the transfers ; see pp. 118-130). See also : Franca Giansoldati, <em>Il Demonio in Vaticano I Legionari di Cristo e Il caso Maciel<\/em>, Edizioni Piemme Spa, 2014, trans. in French : <em>L\u2019Affaire Maciel<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2015 (in this influential book, Giansoldati reveals the exchange of money between Marcial Maciel and the Vatican) ; Carl Bernstein and Marco Politi, <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Jean-Paul II et l\u2019histoire cach\u00e9e de notre \u00e9poque<\/em>, Plon, 1996 ; Gianluigi Nuzzi, Vaticano S.p.A, Chiarelettere, 2009 ; trans. in French : Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandales au Vatican (he describes the account of the Foundation Cardinal Francis Spellan) ; or David Yallop, <em>The Power and the Glory : Inside the Dark Heart of Pope John Paul II\u2019s Vatican<\/em>, 2009 (who suggests that more than 100 million dollars were sent to Solidarnosc by the Vatican of John-Paul II) ; see also \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (\u201cLes errements des banquiers de Dieu\u201d, pp. 152-159). See also on the links between Stanislaw Dziwisz and Marcial Maciel : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.johnthavis.com\/),\">John Thavis<\/a>, \u201cThe Vatican diaries\u201d who discusses Dziwisz\u2019s contacts with the Legionaries of Christ and Marcial Maciel. In respect to the financial support of Solidarnosc by Legionaries see this article by <a href=\"http:\/\/wyborcza.pl\/duzyformat\/1,127290,19774876,legion-molestowanych-najwstydliwszy-sekret-meksykanskiego-kosciola.html\">Gazeta Wyborcza<\/a> (in Polish) : the author writes: \u201cIn all probability Maciel supports Solidarnosc in Poland. That was the reason for the friendship with John Paul II. Each time his sins have been neutralized. Over and over as the new documents reached the Vatican, the old ones had been already forgotten.\u201d In this article he writes that he made use of the following books: \u00abLa Iglesia del silencio. De m\u00e1rtires y pederastas\u00bb, \u00abMarcial Maciel. La historia de un criminal\u00bb and \u00abLa voluntad de no saber\u00bb. (See above : Marcial Maciel.) See also : Vatican help for communist Poland (Pomoc Watykanu dla komunistycznej Polski)<strong> : <\/strong>About how John Paul II supposedly sent 150 million dollars for the needs of the Church and Solidarity in Poland between 1981-1989 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wrozka.com.pl\/tajemnice\/tajemnice-watykanu\/4603-szmal-plynie-do-kosciola\">source<\/a>). President Lech Walesa says that Solidarity received money from the Vatican (<a href=\"https:\/\/fakty.interia.pl\/swiat\/news-tajemnice-watykanskiej%20pomocy-dla-solidarnosci,nId,856105\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Sacr\u00e9 College\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0Les L\u00e9gionnaires du Christ\u00a0\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Sacred College\u00a0\u00bb &amp; \u00ab\u00a0The Legion of Christ\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Spadaro (Antonio)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Jesuit.<br \/>\n\u2013 Record of his conference at Sciences Po Paris organized by F. Martel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/enjeumondial\/fr\/category\/religion-et-politique\/vatican\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Spain &amp; Spanish Episcopal Conference<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Cardinal Rouco Varela ; Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares ; Bishop Reig Pla (Juan Antonio).<\/em> <em><br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 On the history of the LGBT movement in Spain see : Armand de Fluvi\u00e0 I Escosa, <em>El movement gai a la clandestinitat del franquisme, 1970-1975<\/em>, Laertes editorial, 2003 (in Catalan).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the situation of homosexuals under Franco\u2019s dictatorship, see two books : Arturo Arnalte, <em>Redada de Violetas, La Represi\u00f3n de los homosexuales durante el franquisme<\/em>, La Esfera De Los Libros, 2003\u00a0(in spanish) ; and Fernando Olmeda Nicol\u00e1s, <em>El L\u00e1tigo y la pluma : Homosexuales en la Espa\u00f1a de Franco (<\/em>Memoir, in Spanish<em>)<\/em>, Oberon, 2004.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Federico Garcia Lorca, see\u00a0: Ian Gibson, Lorca y el mundo gay x@@ voir la ref<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Spanish Episcopal Conference (March 2017 Election)<\/strong> \u2013 On the Spanish Episcopal Conference, see the Conference\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.conferenciaepiscopal.es\">website<\/a>; see also the new elected <a href=\"http:\/\/www.conferenciaepiscopal.es\/organigrama-cee\/\">team<\/a>. See also : Jes\u00fas Bastante, \u201cLa Iglesia espa\u00f1ola desbanca como n\u00famero dos al hombre del Papa y pone al ultraconservador Ca\u00f1izares\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/sociedad\/presidente-conferencia-episcopal-Blazquez-Canizares_0_622238585.html\">El Diario<\/a>, March 14, 2017 ; see also\u00a0: Jes\u00fas Bastante, \u201cEl Papa responde al desaf\u00edo de la Conferencia Episcopal con el nombramiento como cardenal del arzobispo de Barcelona\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/sociedad\/Papa-Barcelona-Juan-Jose-Omella_0_646035597.html\">El Diario<\/a>, May 21, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 The 14 homophobic bishops in Spain, according to an LGBT association\u00a0(<a href=\"https:\/\/laicismo.org\/2016\/el-colectivo-lgtb-senala-a-14-jerarcas-homofobos-de-la-iglesia-catolica\/147676\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 A long interview with Pope Francis for <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/internacional\/2017\/01\/21\/actualidad\/1485022162_846725.html\">El Pais<\/a>, which shows how well-informed the Pope is about Spain\u00a0: Antonio Ca\u00f1o y Pablo Ordaz, \u00ab El peligro en tiempos de crisis es buscar un salvador que nos devuelva la identidad y nos defienda con muros\u00a0\u00bb, El Pais, January 22, 2017\u00a0:<br \/>\n\u2013 Election of Bishop Bl\u00e1zquez and Cardinal Ca\u00f1izares, Episcopal Conference in Spain (2017) : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/sociedad\/presidente-conferencia-episcopal-Blazquez-Canizares_0_622238585.html\">El Diario<\/a> (left-wing)\u00a0 ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lavanguardia.com\/vida\/20170314\/42862798501\/ricardo-blazquez-favorito-presidente-conferencia-episcopal-omella.html\">La Vanguardia<\/a> (center, center-right, from Catalonia)\u00a0; <a href=\"http:\/\/politica.elpais.com\/politica\/2017\/03\/14\/actualidad\/1489479875_082450.html\">El Pa\u00eds<\/a> (center, center-left), it has interesting background\u00a0 ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.es\/sociedad\/abci-cardenal-blazquez-reelegido-presidente-conferencia-episcopal-201703141103_noticia.html\">ABC<\/a> (right), with some background ; coverage of an interview on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hispanidad.com\/monsenor-ricardo-blazquez-sobre-la-relacion-entre-los-gobiernos-y-la-iglesia-ha-sido-y-es-razonable.html\">COPE<\/a> by Hispanidad (extreme right-wing, it seems)\u00a0 ; similar coverage on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.es\/sociedad\/abci-cardenal-blazquez-peticion-podemos-sobre-misa-recurso-politico-para-alimentar-clientela-201703151038_noticia.html\">ABC<\/a> (right)\u00a0; Analysis by Jos\u00e9 Manuel Vidal on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/sociedad\/2017\/03\/14\/58c72541468aeb7d078b45bb.html\">El Mundo<\/a> (center-right)\u00a0; Analysis by Joan Carles Mart\u00ed at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.farodevigo.es\/opinion\/2017\/03\/15\/blazquez-canizares-busca-equilibrio\/1641255.html\">El Faro de Vigo<\/a> (regional newspaper)\u00a0; Reaction within the Jewish and Muslim communities, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.20minutos.es\/noticia\/2985274\/0\/judios-musulmanes-espana-celebran-eleccion-blazquez-canizares-cee-por-su-apertura-dialogo\/\">20 minutos<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Jos\u00e9 Mantero<\/strong>. Gay Spanish Priest. In 2002, he was the first Spanish priest to publicly recognise his homosexuality. He did it through an article published in a gay magazine titled <a href=\"http:\/\/www.periodistadigital.com\/religion\/espana\/2012\/04\/28\/jose-mantero-monsenor-reig-es-un-homosexual-reprimido-iglesia-religion-obispo-cura-alcala.shtml\">\u201cI thank God that I\u2019m gay<\/a>\u201d. He announced his sexual orientation following declarations by Spanish bishops that homosexuality was an illness. He was prohibited by the Church to continue his pastoral functions as a result.\u00a0About gay priests in the Church, he said in a 2010 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theclinic.cl\/2010\/05\/24\/jose-mantero\/\">interview to <em>The Clinic online<\/em><\/a><em>:<\/em> There are many other [gay men] in the clergy. The percentage is very high and often this is known by a priest\u2019s bishop, which makes it so that a gay man in the Church is a man under control. The archbishops are of the mind that \u2018you have to be careful, don\u2019t do as you shouldn\u2019t because I can throw you out into the streets at any time\u2019. See also : <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/diario\/2002\/02\/09\/sociedad\/1013209203_850215.html\">El Pais<\/a> 1 ; <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/sociedad\/2002\/06\/28\/actualidad\/1025267460_1025267983.html\">El Pais<\/a> 2 ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/g2\/story\/0,3604,653994,00.html\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberation.fr\/planete\/2002\/02\/02\/jose-montero_392518\">Liberation<\/a>. <strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Homophobic bishops. <\/strong>List of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/sociedad\/Observatorio-Espanol-LGTBfobia-espanoles-homosexuales_0_527048045.html\">14 most homophobic bishops in Spain<\/a> by the Observatorio Espa\u00f1ol de LGTBfobia (<a href=\"https:\/\/laicismo.org\/2016\/el-colectivo-lgtb-senala-a-14-jerarcas-homofobos-de-la-iglesia-catolica\/147676\">sources<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Joaqu\u00edn Mar\u00eda L\u00f3pez de And\u00faja. <\/strong>Bishop. Supports Ca\u00f1izares publicly.\u00a0<em>Amores Santos<\/em> : see this documentary about the<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amores-santos.com\/\"> hypocrisy of the Catholic Church regarding homosexuality.<\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Radical Catholic Associations in\u00a0Spain.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com.mx\/nacho-esteban\/sotanas-en-la-sombra-el-poder-del-ultracatolicismo-mexicano-en\/\">Sotanas en la sombra: el poder del ultracatolicismo mexicano en Espa\u00f1a<\/a>\u201d, in the Huffington Post. An account of the influence of Mexican Catholic sects in Spain. They occupy important positions in education and religion, and in politics they lobby for an anti-gay agenda.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 <strong>El Yunque. <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/sociedad\/ultracatolicos-arremeten-mujeres-colectivo-LGTBI_0_564493924.html\">Ultra Catholic, anti-gay lobby<\/a>. Founded by a Mexican. It acts in various countries. Short article <a href=\"http:\/\/es.aleteia.org\/2015\/02\/18\/que-dice-la-iglesia-sobre-la-sociedad-secreta-el-yunque\/\">about the history<\/a> of the organization.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>About its role in the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.proceso.com.mx\/454439\/el-yunque-la-mano-que-mece-al-frente-nacional-por-la-familia\">anti-gay demonstrations in Mexico<\/a> during 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Opus Dei in\u00a0Spain <\/strong>: see this <a href=\"https:\/\/laicismo.org\/data\/docs\/archivo_1308.pdf\">academic article<\/a><u><br \/>\n<\/u>\u2013 <strong>Sexual abuse in Spain\u00a0<\/strong>: in 2018, the Spanish Jesuits began a long investigation\u00a0: see, <a href=\"https:\/\/elpais.com\/sociedad\/2018\/12\/13\/actualidad\/1544707856_523062.html\">El Pais<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Gay Christians blog : <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cristianosgays.com\/\">Spanish blog<\/a> for \u201cgay Christians joined against LGBT discrimination\u201d. Might be interesting.\u00a0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s) : \u00ab Rouco\u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab Rouco \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Stefanini (Laurent)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 French diplomat<br \/>\n\u2013 Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 ; Jean-Gabriel Fredet, \u201cUn ambassadeur \u2018gay\u2019 au Vatican : les dessous de l\u2019imbroglio\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.challenges.fr\/politique\/un-ambassadeur-gay-au-vatican-les-dessous-de-l-imbroglio_95501\">Challenges<\/a>, April 27, 2015 ; Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cSortie de crise entre Paris et le Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2016\/04\/06\/01016-20160406ARTFIG00355-sortie-de-crise-entre-paris-et-le-vatican.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, April 7, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also : \u201cBernard Kouchner : \u2018Le Vatican me semble mal place pour refuser les homosexuels\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, April 22, 2015. (In an Interview in 2018, Kouchner told me basically the same thing regarding the case of Laurent Stefanini and, previously, on another French ambassador, Jean Loup Kuhn-Delforge).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab Qui suis-je pour juger\u00a0? \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Who I\u2019m to judge\u00a0?\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Stenico (Tommaso)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Former chief officer at the Congregation for the Clergy.<br \/>\n\u2013 He was fired in 2007 when he was identified as the priest framed by the TV network La7 for setting up meetings with young boys he met via online chat. See : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ub34BaFpDVs\">Part 1<\/a> on YouTube ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xYCTrcOJQLk\">Part 2<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RMA9eNFVa-g\">Part 3<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also, Marie Lemonnier, \u201cLiaisons dangereuses au Vatican\u201d, Nouvel Obs, 1 Nov 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Swiss Guard<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 <strong>On the history of the Swiss Guard<\/strong> : Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans. in French : \u201cLes Hallebardes du pape\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016). How to become a Swiss Guard at the Vatican : conditions and training, see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardiasvizzera.va\/content\/guardiasvizzera\/it\/diventare-guardia\/condizioni.html\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 About homosexuality<\/strong> : Elmar Maeder, chief of the Swiss Guard from 2002 to 2008: \u201c<em>The gay lobby in the Vatican is so big and powerful that is really dangerous for the safety of the Pope<\/em>\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/esteri\/2014\/01\/19\/news\/guardie_svizzere-76363227\/\">Repubblica<\/a>) and on the same subject Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 ; Christoph Graf, Commander of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, appointed by Pope Francis on 7 February 2015: \u201c<em>If the Church wants to follow society, it should allow abortion and homosexual unions. But would it still be the Catholic Roman Church<\/em>?\u201d (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tio.ch\/svizzera\/cronaca\/1024987\/parla-il-comandante-delle-guardie-del-papa-su-chiesa--donne-e-gay%20(ITA)\">here<\/a>) ; The Vatican is a heaven for gays, by a former Swiss Guard (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.giornalettismo.com\/archives\/1288713\/il-vaticano-e-un-paradiso-per-gay\">Giornalettismo<\/a>) ; Vatican, the confession of a Swiss Guard: \u201c<em>I was molested by cardinals and bishops. The wanted me to go to their rooms, they called during the night<\/em>\u201d (see <a href=\"http:\/\/www.liberoquotidiano.it\/news\/esteri\/1381421\/Vaticano--confessione-choc-di-una-guardia-svizzera---Molestato-da-cardinali-e-vescovi-.html\">here<\/a>) ; \u201cSwiss Guard, NO to the women and to the gays\u201d (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.direttanews.it\/2015\/04\/02\/guardie-svizzere-no-secco-a-gay-donne-e-stranieri\/\">here<\/a>) ; \u201cSwiss Guard veteran claims existence of \u2018gay network\u2019 at the Vatican, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/jan\/20\/swiss-guard-veteran-gay-network-vatican-pope-elmar-mader-homosexual\">The Guardian<\/a>, Jan 20, 2014 ; \u201cUn garde Suisse aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 harcel\u00e9 sexuellement\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.20min.ch\/ro\/news\/suisse\/story\/Un-garde-suisse-aurait-ete-harcele-sexuellement-10354811\">20 Minutes Suisse<\/a> (and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailymail.co.uk\/news\/article-2534513\/Former-member-Swiss-Guard-says-regularly-asked-sex-gay-lobby-bishops-cardinals-priests-serving-Vatican.html\">Daily Mail<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Alois Estermann and<\/strong> <strong>the triple assassination of Swiss Guards<\/strong> : the senior officer of the Pontifical Swiss Guard was murdered in his Vatican apartment on May 4th 1998. According to the official version, Estermann and his Venezuelan wife, Gladys Meza Romero, were killed by a young Swiss Guard Vice-Corporal C\u00e9dric Tornay, who committed suicide afterward. See in Italian: \u201cThe truth about the Estermann killing\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/online\/fatti\/vatkill\/inchiesta\/inchiesta.html\">Repubblica<\/a>) ; \u201cThe strange case of the Swiss Guard dead because of his gay love (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.giornalettismo.com\/archives\/164623\/lo-strano-caso-della-guardia-svizzera-morta-per-il-suo-amore-gay\">Giornalettismo<\/a>) ; \u201cThe strange murder-suicide Estermann-Tornay\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/premium\/articoli\/lo-strano-omicidio-suicidio-estermann-tornay\/\">Il Fatto Quotidiano<\/a>) ; \u201cThe other truth about Tornay. Gay parties, he knew too much\u201d by Massimo Lacchei (<a href=\"http:\/\/ricerca.repubblica.it\/repubblica\/archivio\/repubblica\/1999\/02\/10\/altra-verita-su-tornay-feste-gay.html\">Repubblica<\/a>). See also in French or English : John Follain, <em>City of Secrets, The Truth behind the Murders at the Vatican<\/em>, William Morrow, 2003 ; \u201cTrois cadavres bien encombrants\u201d, in \u201cDans les coulisses du Vatican\u201d, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Special Issue, Jan.\/March 2016 (pp. 140-143) ; \u201cLe triple meurtre qui embarrasse encore le Vatican 13 ans apr\u00e8s\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.atlantico.fr\/decryptage\/triple-meurtre-enquete-vatican-224561.html\">Atlantico<\/a>, Nov 20, 2011 ; Barbie Latza Nadeau, \u201cVatican Murder Mystery : Was It a Gay Love Triangle ?\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/vatican-murder-mystery-was-it-a-gay-love-triangle?utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source=newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=cheatsheet_afternoon&amp;cid=newsletter%3Bemail%3Bcheatsheet_afternoon&amp;utm_term=Cheat%20Sheet\">Daily Beast<\/a>, 14 Nov, 2011 ; Bruno B\u00e9ziat, \u201cChape de plomb sur l\u2019\u00e9trange mort de deux gardes Suisse\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sudouest.fr\/2012\/05\/20\/chape-de-plomb-sur-l-etrange-mort-de-deux-gardes-suisses-720260-790.php\">Sud Ouest<\/a>, May 20, 2012 (with an interesting testimony by a priest from Bayonne).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Aloi Esterman\u2019s documents<\/strong> : For documents, photos and different elements, see the website \u201cC\u00e9dric Tornay memorial\u201d <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cedric-tornay-memorial.org\/v2\/\">here<\/a>. A former journalist from the German daily newspaper, <em>Der Spiegel<\/em>, wrote also a book\u00a0: Valeska von Roques, <em>Mord im Vatikan<\/em>, Publisher: Hoffmann und Campe Verlag, 2003 (in German only). See also\u00a0: an interesting TV program \u00ab\u00a0Zone d\u2019ombre\u00a0\u00bb, Radio Television Suisse, Nov. 2, 2011.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Questionnable books<\/strong> : In addition, there is the questionable book by Massimo Lacchei, <em>Verbum dei et verbum gay<\/em>, Croce Libreria, 2007 (in Italian) which suggests a gay love story between Estermann and Tornay. See also this bizarre but well-informed article (without signature nor date) : \u201cMeurtres au Vatican, l\u2019affaire C\u00e9dric Tornay\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/enigmeshistoire.e-monsite.com\/pages\/page.html\">here<\/a>. See also the anonymous book <em>Bugie di Sangue in Vaticano. Il triplice delitto della guardia svizzera<\/em>, publisher: Kaos, 2014 (this book, only available in Italian, <em>Blood Lies in the Vatican<\/em>, is a counter-investigation by alleged priests and insiders in the Vatican : in the first part, \u201cBlood and Lies With\u2019 Moral Certainty\u201d, the book reconstructs the events immediately after the three corpses were discovered ; in the second part, \u201cThe Sacrificial Lamb\u201d, all information provided by the Holy See is analyzed to determine the dynamics, author, and motive of the triple crime ; the third part of the book, \u201cFor the Truth\u201d, reveals the many backgrounds that caused the massacre, coming to identify the background, the possible motive and the likely dynamics ; in the appendix, Muguette Baudat, the mother of alleged murderer C\u00e9dric Tornay, tells of her struggle). ; See also the role played by the Vatican diplomat, Mgr Ricca, in the dialogue with C\u00e9dric Tornay\u2019s mother : Renaud Michiels, \u201cLe pr\u00e9lat qui aimait un militaire Suisse\u201d, <em>Le Matin<\/em> (A daily Swiss Newspaper) July 27, 2013. See also : Corrado Augias, <em>I Segreti del Vaticano<\/em>, Mondadori, 2010 (trans in French : \u201cTrois cadavres bien encombrants\u201d, in <em>Dans les Secrets du Vatican, De Pierre \u00e0 Fran\u00e7ois, L\u2019incroyable histoire des papes<\/em>, <em>L\u2019Express<\/em>, Thema, Jan 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Christoph Graf<\/strong> : Commander of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, appointed by Pope Francis on 7 February 2015<br \/>\n<strong>\u2013 Elmar Maeder : <\/strong>Chief of the Swiss Guard from 2002 to 2008<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les Gardes Suisses \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Swiss Guard \u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Switzerland<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Mgr Vitus Huonder is a conservative bishop and he has many statements against gay people : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.watson.ch\/schweiz\/homosexualit%C3%A4t\/214633191-bischof-huonder-schiesst-gegen-homosexuelle-und-progressive-familienmodelle\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/hab.lgbt\/bischof-huonder-bleibt-sich-treu\/\">here<\/a>. Pinkcross (one of the biggest swiss gay organisation) claimed against Mr. Huondor because of homophobic statements of Mr. Huondor in Fulda in 2015, \u00a0but the district attorney of the canton of Grison did closed the investigation in this case for legal reason : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blick.ch\/news\/schweiz\/schwule-werden-mit-dem-tod-bestraft-bischof-huonder-hats-nicht-so-gemeint-id4035586.html\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blick.ch\/news\/schweiz\/graubuenden\/graeueltat-homosexualitaet-verfahren-gegen-bischof-huonder-eingestellt-id4244309.html\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nzz.ch\/schweiz\/ermittlungen-gegen-bischof-huonder-eingestellt-1.18627149\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Mgr Huonder\u2019s use of the cappa magna : for example in Vienna (interview with J. Bonnemain).<br \/>\n\u2013 Mgr Marian Eleganti : In Chur is also Weihbischof (auxilliary bishop) Marian Eleganti, who is also very conservative and had anti-gays statements : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bistum-chur.ch\/aktuelles\/weihbischof-marian-eleganti-homosexuellen-tabu-ist-teil-der-vertuschung\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blick.ch\/news\/schweiz\/nach-homophobem-tv-interview-st-galler-bistum-ruegt-churer-weihbischof-eleganti-id8777288.html\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesanzeiger.ch\/panorama\/vermischtes\/Missbrauchsskandal-zeigt-Es-haengt-mit-Homosexualitaet-zusammen\/story\/22149787\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/bazonline.ch\/schweiz\/standard\/Weihbischof-Elegantis-Mentor-war-ein-UnzuchtsPriester-\/story\/22252820\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Synod on the Family (2014 and 2015) and Amoris Laetitia<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also : Cardinal Kasper ; Cardinal M\u00fcller ; Cardinal Burke ; Dubia.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>Official interventions by pope Francis<\/strong> : a pre-synod interview by Antonio Spadaro for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jesuites.com\/v3\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/Interview-Pape-Fran%C3%A7ois_long.pdf?x54114\">La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the \u201cFrancis\u201d side<\/strong> : see Cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn in Antonio Spadaro, \u201cEntretien avec le cardinal Sch\u00f6nborn sur Amoris Laetitia\u201d, <em>La Civilt\u00e0 Cattolica<\/em>, Oct 31, 2016, I (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Amoris-laetitia-Entretien-avec-cardinal-Schonborn-2016-07-07-1200774175\">source<\/a>) ; see also Jean-Michel Garrigues, \u201cEglise de purs ou nasse m\u00eal\u00e9e ?\u201d, La Civilt\u00e0 Catoolica, 13 juin 2015.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the opposition side<\/strong> : See The four \u201cDubia\u201d cardinals\u2019 <a href=\"http:\/\/chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it\/articolo\/135141475af.html?fr=y&amp;refresh_ce\">letter<\/a> (Sept 19, 2016, made public Nov 2016).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Debates and events of the synod<\/strong> : C\u00e9cile Chambraud, \u201cLe synode se divise sur les questions familiales\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/religions\/article\/2014\/10\/17\/les-eveques-se-divisent-sur-les-questions-familiales_4507932_1653130.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Oct. 17, 2014 ; \u201cLe synode continue de contester les passages sur l\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 et les divorces remarries\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2014\/10\/18\/01016-20141018ARTFIG00192-le-synode-continue-de-contester-les-passages-sur-l-homosexualite-et-les-divorces-remaries.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, Oct 19, 2014. (See the anecdotic story of the disappearance of some anti-Francis books during the synod <a href=\"Monseigneur%2520Juan%2520Jos%25C3%25A9%2520Pineda,%2520%25C3%25A9v%25C3%25AAque%2520auxiliaire%2520de%2520Tegucigalpa,%2520la%2520capitale%2520du%2520Honduras\">here<\/a> ; Cardinal Baldisseri <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catholicworldreport.com\/2015\/02\/25\/reports-card-baldisseri-ordered-interception-of-copies-of-book-mailed-to-synod-participants\/\">might have acted<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 See also this book : Coll., <em>Synode sur la vocation et la mission de la famille dans l\u2019\u00c9glise et le monde contemporain, 26 th\u00e9ologiens respondent<\/em>, Bayard, 2015 (see chapter 7 : \u201cUne relation homosexuelle v\u00e9cue dans la stabilit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 peut-\u00eatre un chemin de saintet\u00e9\u201d). C\u00e9line Hoyeau, \u201cDivorc\u00e9s remari\u00e9s, les cinq conditions du cardinal Kasper\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Actualite\/Divorces-remaries-les-cinq-conditions-du-cardinal-Kasper-2014-03-03-1114819\">La Croix<\/a>, March 3, 2014.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><br \/>\n\u2014 T \u2014<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Theology of liberation (Th\u00e9ologie de la Lib\u00e9ration)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Liberation Theology<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Thomas Aquinas (Saint)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See Jacques Maritain, Adriano Oliva<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 See Adriano Oliva, <em>L\u2019Amicizia pi\u00f9 grande. Un contributo teologico alle questioni sui divorziati risposati e sulle coppie omosessuali,<\/em> \u00c9d. Nerbini, 2015 ; trans. in French : <em>Amours, l\u2019Eglise, les divorc\u00e9s remari\u00e9s, les couples homosexuels<\/em>, \u00c9ditions du Cerf, 2015. See also : Adriano Oliva and Ruedi Imbach, La philosophie de Thomas d\u2019Aquin, Vrin\/Rep\u00e8res, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 Gerard Loughlin, ed., <em>Queer Theology, Rethinking the Western Body<\/em>, Blackwell, 2007 (see the chapter on Thomas Aquinas)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Thurn und Taxis (Princess Mariae Gloria von)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Germany ; David Berger ; Cardinal M\u00fcller ; Regensburg sex abuse scandal.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 Biography : Cl\u00e9ment Ghys, \u201cGloria TNT, Le Freak c\u2019est chic\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/next.liberation.fr\/arts\/2014\/05\/16\/gloria-tnt-le-freak-c-est-chic_1019293\">Lib\u00e9ration<\/a>, May 16, 2014.<br \/>\n\u2013 On LGBT issues, see : \u201cGloria Von Thurn und Taxis : \u2018Die Homoehe ist ein Angriff auf die klassische Familie\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.queer.de\/detail.php?article_id=31905\">Queer.de<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 Quotations : \u00ab\u00a0Jeder kann in seinem Schlafzimmer machen, was er will, aber das sollte man nicht zum politischen Programm machen.\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Tout le monde peut faire ce qu\u2019il veut dans sa chambre \u00e0 coucher, mais cela ne doit pas se transformer en programme politique.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: she said this at a public discussion with priest Wilhelm Imkamp and two politicians from the CSU\u00a0(source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.onetz.de\/deutschland-welt\/regensburg\/fuerstin-gloria-homoehe-angriff-klassische-familie-id2486345.html\">here<\/a>). \u00ab\u00a0Aus der Kirchengeschichte wei\u00df ich, dass es auch fr\u00fcher schon h\u00e4retische Bewegungen gab. Denken Sie nur an den Arianismus oder die Katharer, die keine Kinder wollten. Es gibt nichts Neues unter der Sonne.\u00a0Es gibt Perioden, da scheint der Teufel fr\u00f6hliche Urst\u00e4nde zu feiern, dann gibt es Zeiten, da er zur\u00fcckgedr\u00e4ngt wird und vorsichtiger agieren muss. Aber er ist immer da.\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0I know from Church history that there were heretic movements already in previous times. If you only think of Arianism or the Catharists, who didn\u2019t want to have children. There is nothing new under the sun. There are periods when the devil celebrates a happy resurrection, then there are times when he is pushed and has to act with more caution. But he is always there.\u00a0\u00bb (Source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de\/inhalt.ehe-fuer-alle-als-teufelswerk-gloria-von-thurn-und-taxis-kritisiert-schwulen-hochzeiten.f57c7b11-b876-4b97-8692-01b0701faf93.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 About Cardinal Sarah in Regensburg\u00a0for a book presentation (with Nicolas Diat) and with Cardinal M\u00fcller as the main speaker. In the photo, there is Joseph Ratzinger\u2019s brother, Georg Ratzinger in the wheelchair, as well as the priest Wilhelm Imkamp. The preface of the German version was written by Georg G\u00e4nswein. (Source <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mittelbayerische.de\/region\/regensburg\/stadtteile\/innenstadt\/buchvorstellung-bei-fuerstin-gloria-21345-art1277539.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 About Bishop Tebartz-van Elst, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wochenblatt.de\/news-stream\/regensburg\/artikel\/78605\/tebartz-van-elst-bekommt-zuspruch-von-kardinal-mueller-besuch-in-regensburg\">this article<\/a> (the article shows not only a photo with Gloria and Tebartz-van Elst, but also tells that Mgr Tebartz had visited Georg Ratzinger in Regensburg before his visit to Rome and then met Cardinal M\u00fcller in Rome and that both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/panorama\/umstrittener-limburger-bischof-papst-sekretaer-gaenswein-verteidigt-tebartz-van-elst-1.1847210\">G\u00e4nswein<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sueddeutsche.de\/panorama\/bistum-limburg-erzbischof-mueller-sieht-tebartz-van-elst-als-opfer-einer-medienkampagne-1.1793245\">M\u00fcller<\/a> had spoken in favor of Tebartz-van Elst when he was criticized because of his expenses for his new bishop\u2019s palace. G\u00e4nswein supported Tebartz-van Elst after his removal as bishop (article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article150315071\/Gaenswein-nimmt-Tebartz-van-Elst-in-Schutz.html\">here<\/a>). However, in between when figures from a research commission were made public, G\u00e4nswein was also critical about the expenses made by Tebartz (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/inland\/gaenswein-tebartz-van-elst-geht-das-noch-12861359.html\">here<\/a>). Cardinal Meisner also defended Tebartz (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.faz.net\/aktuell\/politik\/der-fall-tebartz-van-elst-limburger-bischof-fliegt-kommende-woche-nach-rom-12615036.html).\">here<\/a>). After his removal from Limburg, Tebartz took residence in Regensburg (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.welt.de\/politik\/deutschland\/article128954137\/Warum-es-Tebartz-van-Elst-nach-Regensburg-zieht.html\">here<\/a>) where he has a solid network of friends. He was invited by the current bishop, Rudolf Voderholzer. It also says that the chair of the Bavarian comittee of lay Catholics, Albert Schmid, was a close friend of Tebartz and former mayor of Regensburg.<br \/>\n\u2013 Gloria TNT supports Beatrix von Storch, vice-chair of the AfD, but says she is reluctant about the AfD (this was after the federal election in Oct. 2017): \u00ab\u00a0Das hohe Ergebnis f\u00fcr die \u201eAlternative f\u00fcr Deutschland\u201c hat mich dementsprechend auch nicht gewundert. Ich wei\u00df noch nicht, was ich abschlie\u00dfend von der AfD halten soll. Man muss beobachten und abwarten, ob sie aus den Kinderschuhen herausw\u00e4chst und am Ende zu einer erwachsenen Partei wird. Ich kenne jedenfalls Beatrix von Storch, eine geborene Prinzessin von Oldenburg, und sie ist seri\u00f6s, ehrlich und engagiert.\u00a0\u00bb (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wochenblatt.de\/news-stream\/regensburg\/artikel\/205927\/fuerstin-gloria-von-thurn-und-taxis-macht-angela-merkel-ratlos\">source<\/a>). See also\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The high outcome for the Alternative for Germany didn\u2019t surprise me. I don\u2019t know yet, what my opinion about the AfD will ultimately be. We must monitor them and wait, if they can grow out of their children\u2019s shoes and becomes an adult party. At least I know Beatrix von Storch, born as a princess of Oldenburg, and she is reliable, honest and committed.\u00bb<br \/>\nIn the same text she said that she doesn\u2019t understand Angela Merkel anymore and is critical about her refugee politics.\u00a0\u00bb See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.regensburg-digital.de\/gloria-die-afd-und-eine-form-von-kindesmissbrauch\/10092018\/\">this photo<\/a> on which Gloria TNT marching together with 2 MPs of the AfD at the Demo f\u00fcr Alle (Manif pour tous) bus campaign in 2018 in Regensburg. She also said : \u00ab\u00a0Sexual education is a form of child abuse.\u00a0\u00bb (Source <a href=\"https:\/\/video.mittelbayerische.de\/region\/regensburg\/gloria-von-thurn-taxis-bei-demo-fuer-alle-23815-vid61715.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the anecdote of the \u00ab\u00a0marzipan penis cake\u00a0\u00bb at Gloria TNT\u2019s castle, see\u00a0: <em>Tages Spiegel<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tagesspiegel.de\/weltspiegel\/gloria-von-thurn-und-taxis-mit-gott-auf-der-ueberholspur\/11597206.html\">here<\/a> (exact quotation\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Zu seinem 60. Geburtstag organisiert sie auf St. Emmeram einen gigantischen Rokoko-Kost\u00fcmball f\u00fcr ihn. Von Mick Jagger bis zum saudi-arabischen Waffenh\u00e4ndler Adnan Kashoggi sind alle Prominenten des internationalen Jetsets dabei. Sie beh\u00e4ngen sich mit Juwelen und verkleiden sich als dem Untergang geweihte Aristokraten des vorrevolution\u00e4ren Frankreichs. Gloria tr\u00e4gt das Diamantendiadem von Marie Antoinette und \u00fcberreicht Johannes eine Torte mit 60 Marzipan-Penissen.\u00a0\u00bb). See also\u00a0another reference to the \u00ab\u00a0marzipan penises\u00a0\u00bb in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.focus.de\/politik\/deutschland\/deutschland-das-war-pure-provokation_aid_185433.html\">an interview<\/a> with her (she doesn\u2019t deny it).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le Synode \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0The Synod\u00bb (english version). See also several other chapters in the book.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tintin<\/strong><strong>, by Herg\u00e9<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Tintin, a Catholic figure ? See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/lien\/46113\/tintin-heros-catholique\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tobin (Joseph W.)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US cardinal.<br \/>\n\u2013 Appointed by Francis, Cardinal Tobin is the archbishop of Newark. He is pro-LGBT. See : Sharon Otterman, \u201cAs Church shifts, a Cardinal Welcomes Gays ; They embrace a \u2018Miracle\u2019 \u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/13\/nyregion\/catholic-church-gays-mass-newark-cathedral.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 14, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Trump (Donald)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: US ; Steve Bannon ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute ; Cardinal Burke ; Vigan\u00f2 (Carlo Maria) &amp; Vigan\u00f2 Testimonianza<br \/>\n<\/em> \u2013 Trump against Pope Francis, see : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/long-format\/article\/2018\/10\/19\/le-pape-francois-face-a-ses-ennemis_5371629_5345421.html\">Le Monde, October 2018<\/a> ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute : \u201cThis is How Steve Bannon Sees The Entire World\u201d, Nov 16, 2016 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">source<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 Trump defends Pope Francis on abuse crisis (after Vigan\u00f2) : <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catholicherald.co.uk\/news\/2018\/09\/05\/trump-defends-pope-franciss-handling-of-the-abuse-crisis\/\">Catholic Herald<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Trump and Cardinal Burke, see\u00a0: Jason Horowitz, \u00ab\u00a0Steve Bannon Carries Battles to Another Influential Hub\u00a0: The Vatican\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/07\/world\/europe\/vatican-steve-bannon-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb. 7, 2017. See also\u00a0: Samuel Freedman, \u00ab\u00a0\u201cChurch Militant Theology\u201d Is Put To New, and Politicized, Use\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/30\/us\/church-militant-theology-is-put-to-new-and-politicized-use.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Dec 30, 2006 ; and an interesting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/02\/25\/opinion\/what-does-steve-bannon-want.html\">point of view<\/a> by Christopher Caldwell. For Steve Bannon\u2019s speech at a symposium at the Vatican, via Skype, see the transcription <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/this-is-how-steve-bannon-sees-the-entire-world\/\">here<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00bb (english version).<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Turkson (Peter)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Cardinal from Ghana<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover-up : Cardinal Peter Turkson is mentionned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 U \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>United Kingdom<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u2013 Nicholas Chamberlain. <\/strong>He is the first bishop in the Church of England to declare himself gay and in a relationship. He was pushed by the threat of a newspaper to make this declaration himself, which he did in an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2016\/sep\/02\/nicholas-chamberlain-bishop-of-grantham-c-of-e-gay-relationship\">interview with <em>The Guardian<\/em><\/a>. The bishop of Canterbury, who was involved in his nomination, said that: \u201cI am and have been fully aware of Bishop Nick\u2019s long-term, committed relationship. His appointment as bishop of Grantham was made on the basis of his skills and calling to serve the church in the diocese of Lincoln. He lives within the bishops\u2019 guidelines and his sexuality is completely irrelevant to his office.\u201d<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>United Nations, sexual abuse scandals commission<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Cardinal Renato Martino.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 In 2014, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child condemned the Vatican\u2019s handling of the global priest sex abuse scandal during a hearing in which representatives of the Holy See were questioned in public for the first time over allegations that it protected clerics at the expense of their young victims. See : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2014\/jan\/16\/vatican-un-committee-clerical-sex-abuse-paedophile-priests\">The Guardian<\/a> ; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.la-croix.com\/Religion\/Actualite\/Droits-de-l-enfant-l-ONU-tance-le-Vatican-2014-02-05-1101911\">La Croix<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les Diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Pope\u2019s Diplomats \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>United Nations, Declaration against LGBT discrimination, 2008<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On Dec. 18, 2008, at the UN General Assembly, Argentina read the \u00ab D\u00e9claration relative aux Droits de l\u2019homme et \u00e0 l\u2019orientation sexuelle et l\u2019identit\u00e9 de genre. \u00bb. See : The <a href=\"https:\/\/holyseemission.org\/contents\/\/statements\/55e34d333afbe1.41574484.php\">official statement<\/a> by the Holy See regarding the 2008 declaration on LGBT discrimination.<br \/>\n\u2013 On this complex and long history, I use mainly my previous book, <em>Global Gay, Comment la R\u00e9volution gay change le monde<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013 ; trans. into English with the same title <em>Global Gay<\/em>, by MIT-Press, 2018. See also\u00a0: Jeanne Favret-Saada, <em>Jeux d\u2019ombres sur la sc\u00e8ne de l\u2019ONU, Droits humains et la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em>, Editions de l\u2019Olivier, 2010\u00a0; <em>Human Rights Council, Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights<\/em>, Nov 17, 2011, 25 p.<br \/>\n\u2013 On the debate within the UN on the LGBT declaration in 2008, I was able to obtain confidential telegrams from embassies from the Core Group (111 telegrams in total, June 2008).<br \/>\n\u2013 On the quite short history of the LGBT issue in the UN, see \u00ab\u00a0Joint statements\u00a0\u00bb on the Human Rights Council by Brazil (\u00ab\u00a0Joint Statement\u00a0\u00bb, 2003, with 20 members), New Zeland (March 2005, 32 members), Norway (Joint Statement, Dec 2006, 54 members) ; see OAS Resolution on Human Rights, Sexuality Orientation and Gender Identity, AG\/RES 2435, June 2008 and AG\/RES 2504 June 2009\u00a0; see the Address by Ms. Navanetham Pillay, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on gender identity, sexual orientation and human rights, 63<sup>th<\/sup> session of the General Assembly of the UN Dec 2008\u00a0; see also the preparatory documents for Durban I (2001) and Durban II (2009, in Geneva)\u00a0; see also the conclusions on the \u00ab Yogyakarta principles\u00a0\u00bb (Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions, May 2009).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Les Diplomates du pape \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Pope\u2019s diplomats \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>United<\/strong><strong> States<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Cardinal Burke ; Steve Bannon ; Dignitatis Humanae Institute ; Trump (Donald) ; McCarrick ; Vigan\u00f2 (Carlo Maria) &amp; Vigan\u00f2 Testimonianza<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 General overview : Kenneth Woodward, <em>Getting Religion, Faith, Culture and Politics from the Age of Eisenhower to the Era of Obama<\/em>, 2016<br \/>\n\u2013 On the right-wing US Catholics against Pope Francis, see: Paul Williams, <em>Among the Ruins, The Decline and Fall of The Roman Catholic Church<\/em>, Prometheus Books, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Burke : see \u25ca Burke, Raymond.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Keeler\u00a0: Sam Roberts, \u201cWilliam Keeler, Cardinal Who Championed Sexual Abuse Victims, Dies at 86\u00a0\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/03\/24\/us\/cardinal-william-keeler-dead-baltimore-archbishop.html?_r=0\">New York Times<\/a>, March 24, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Rigali : Katharine Q. Seelye, \u201cIn Philadelphia, a Changing of the Guard in the Shadow of Scandal\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2011\/07\/20\/us\/20bishop.html\">New York Times<\/a>, July 19, 2011. See also on Cardinal Rigali : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Rembert Weakland, see his own memoir : Rembert Weakland, <em>A Pilgrim in a Pilgrim Church: Memoirs of a Catholic Archbishop<\/em>, Eerdmans, 2009 (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Pilgrim-Church-Memoirs-Catholic-Archbishop\/dp\/0802863825\">here<\/a>). See also this article by Peter Nixon for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscatholic.org\/culture\/art-and-reviews\/2009\/09\/pilgrim-pilgrim-church-memoirs-catholic-archbishop\">U.S. Catholics<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Tobin : appointed by Francis, he is the archbishop of Newark and a pro-LGBT prelate. See : Sharon Otterman, \u201cAs Church shifts, a Cardinal Welcomes Gays ; They embrace a \u2018Miracle\u2019 \u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/13\/nyregion\/catholic-church-gays-mass-newark-cathedral.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 14, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Francis George, archbishop of Chicago : Laurie Goodstein, \u201cNow Gathering in Rome, a Conclave of Fallible Cardinals\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/02\/27\/world\/europe\/now-gathering-in-rome-a-conclave-of-fallible-cardinals.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Feb 26, 2013.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal Kevin Farrell, the Prefect of the Vatican\u2019s dicastery for laity, family and life, see : Sharon Otterman, \u201cAs Church shifts, a Cardinal Welcomes Gays ; They embrace a \u2018Miracle\u2019 \u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/13\/nyregion\/catholic-church-gays-mass-newark-cathedral.html\">New York Times<\/a>, June 14, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 On Cardinal William Levada : Snejana Farberov, \u201cCatholic cardinal and former top Vatican official, 79, arrested for DUI while vacationing in Hawaii with priest friends Catholic cardinal and former top Vatican official, 79, arrested for DUI while vacationing in Hawaii with priest friends\u201d, <em>Daily Mail<\/em>, August 25, 2015. (See also <a href=\"http:\/\/bigislandnow.com\/2015\/08\/25\/catholic-cardinal-arrested-for-driving-under-the-influence\/\">Big Island Newspaper<\/a>, in Hawaii).<br \/>\n\u2013 On Archibishop Salvatore Cordileone : Joey Piscitelli, \u201cBishop Salvatore Cordileone, Will he admit he\u2019s gay ?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opednews.com\/articles\/Bishop-Salvatore-Cordileon-by-Joey-Piscitelli-121003-434.html\">OpedNews<\/a>, 2012. See also : Father Geof Farrow\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/fathergeofffarrow.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/why-was-college-student-in-car-of.html\">blog<\/a>, \u201cWhy was a college student in the car of drunken Archbishop-elect Cordileone at 12:23AM, when Cordileone was arrested for a DUI?\u201d. See also <a href=\"http:\/\/fathergeofffarrow.blogspot.com\/2012\/08\/why-was-college-student-in-car-of.html\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On US Sexual Abuse Scandals<\/strong> : the website Bishop Accountability provides a rich documentation and a list of hundreds of cases with the names of those accused or condemned : <a href=\"http:\/\/bishop-accountability.org\/member\/\">http:\/\/bishop-accountability.org\/member\/<\/a><br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the opposition against Pope Francis<\/strong> : see the \u201cRed Hat Report\u201d : the right-wing US Catholic group, calling itself the Better Church Governance Group is gearing up to compile dossiers on the cardinal electors ahead of the next conclave. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/people\/red-hat-report-audit-cardinals-ahead-next-conclave\">Ncronline<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the history\u00a0of the gay movement in the US<\/strong>: David Eisenbach, <em>Gay Power, An American Revolution<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf, 2006\u00a0; John Loughery, <em>The Other side of silence, Men\u2019s live and gay identities\u00a0: a Twentieth-Century history<\/em>, Henry Holt and Cie, 1998\u00a0; Charles Kaiser, <em>The Gay Metropolis, The Landmark History of Gay Life in America Since World War II<\/em>, Harvest Book\/Harcourt, 1997\u00a0; David Eisenbach, <em>Gay Power, An American Revolution<\/em>, Carroll &amp; Graf, 2006\u00a0; Dudley Clendinen &amp; Adam Nagourney, <em>Out of Good, The Struggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement in America<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 1999\u00a0; Mark Thompson, ed., <em>Long Road to Freedom, The Advocate History of The Gay and Lesbian Movement<\/em>, St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1994. See also\u00a0: Linda Hirshman, <em>Victory, The Triumphant Gay Revolution<\/em>, Harper, 2012 and Alex Ross\u2019s article, \u00ab\u00a0Love on the March\u00a0\u00bb, <em>The New Yorker<\/em>, 12 novembre 2012.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On gay marriage in the US\u00a0<\/strong>: Andrew Koppelman, <em>Same Sex, Different States\u00a0: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross Stage Lines<\/em>, Yale University Press, 2006\u00a0; Evan Wolfson, <em>Why Marriage Matters, America, Equality, and Gay People\u2019s Right to Marry<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2004\u00a0; George Chauncey, <em>Why Marriage\u00a0? The History Shaping Today\u2019s Debate Over Gay Equality<\/em>, Basic Books, 2004\u00a0; Evan Gerstmann, <em>Same-Sex Marriage and the Constitution<\/em>, Cambridge University Press, 2009\u00a0; Willam Eskridge, Darren Spedale, <em>Gay Marriage\u00a0: For Better or for Worse\u00a0? What We\u2019ve Learned from the Evidence<\/em>,\u00a0Oxford University Press, 2000. See also the very early book on the issue by Andrew Sullivan, <em>Virtually Normal, An Argument about homosexuality<\/em>, Vintage Books, 1995.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb (english version) and several other chapters of the book as background information.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 V \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Vatican II (Council)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Concile Vatican II.<br \/>\n\u2013 I mainly used Christine Pedotti, La Bataille du Vatican, 1959-1965, Plon, 2012. See also, the French perspective in Denis Pelletier, Jean-Louis Schlegel, A la gauche du Christ, Les chr\u00e9tiens de gauche en France de 1945 \u00e0 nos jours, Le Seuil, 2012.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Vatican Sexual Scandals<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See: Sexual Abuses.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 One of the main sexual scandals in the Vatican, known as the \u201cchorist\u201d scandal : \u201cUn scandale de prostitution homosexuelle touche le Vatican\u201d, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.fr\/story\/18241\/un-nouveau-scandale-sexuel-touche-le-vatican\">Slate<\/a>, March 5, 2010. See also : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2010\/03\/03\/news\/balducci_prostituzione_gay-2486728\/\">La Repubblica<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/corrieredelveneto.corriere.it\/veneto\/notizie\/cronaca\/2010\/4-marzo-2010\/balducci-incontri-hot-l-uomo-feltre-1602594905631.shtml\">Corriere de Veneto<\/a> ; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/europe\/article\/2010\/03\/05\/un-choriste-du-vatican-implique-dans-un-scandale-homosexuel_1315248_3214.html\">Le Monde<\/a> ; see also : Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 <em>Sex in Vatican<\/em> is a well-known book by Italian journalist Carmelo Abbate. He infiltrated a network of gay Vatican priests and published his findings in 2010, including sex videos recorded with hidden cameras in a Church bulding, in the <a href=\"http:\/\/archivio.panorama.it\/italia\/Le-notti-brave-dei-preti-gay-tutti-i-video-con-l-inchiesta-completa\">Italian media Panorama<\/a>. Encountering one priest at a gay party in Rome, the journalist began unravelling the network until he was certain of the fact that a number of gay priests were leading a double life between a gay partying lifestyle and priesthood. The international press, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-10746985\">media such as the BBC<\/a>, also took it up. (Link in Italian).<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilfattoquotidiano.it\/2011\/05\/16\/l%E2%80%99italia-ignora-il-libro-%E2%80%9Csex-and-the-vatican%E2%80%9D\/111582\/\"> Same as Panorama article, only deeper<\/a>.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Vatileaks (I &amp; II)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See : Pope Benedict XVI ; Tarcisio Bertone ; Georg G\u00e4nswein ; Vigan\u00f2 (Carlo Maria).<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>On the Vatileaks I scandal <\/strong>(The Butler\/Paolo Gabriele) : Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Santit\u00e0, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, Chiarelettere, 2012, trans. in French : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Gerald Posner, <em>I banchieri di Dio<\/em>, Newton Company Editori ; trans. in English, <em>God\u2019s Bankers, A History of Money and Power at the Vatican<\/em>, Simon &amp; Schuster, 2015, chap 38, pp. 461-471 and chap 39, pp. 478-483<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Vatileaks II scandal <\/strong>(Pope Francis vs. Francesco Immacolata Chaouqui\/Mgr Lucio Angel Vallejo Balda and the journalists Gianluigi Nuzzi and Emiliano Fittipaldi) : See Marco Politi, <em>Francesco tra i lupi<\/em>, Gius, Laterza &amp; Figli, 2014 ; trans. in French : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, ed. Philip Rey, 2015 ; French paperback (updated version) : <em>Fran\u00e7ois parmi les loups<\/em>, Points, Seuil, 2015 (see : pp. 251-259) ; see also Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 ; see also Francesco Immacolata Chaouqui, <em>Nel nome di Pietro. Ricchezze, affari, intrighi e scandali. Dalle carte segrete della commissione del papa<\/em>, Sperling &amp; Kupfer, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Vatileaks\u00bb (french &amp; english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ventura (Luigi)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Nuncio in Chile and in Paris.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>\u2013 Nuncio in Chile, 1999-2001 ; nuncio in Paris.<br \/>\n\u2013 In 2019, Luigi Ventura has been accused by different men on sexual agressions. The case has been given to the French Paris court. See : Ariane Chemin, \u201cL\u2019ambassadeur du pape en France, Luigi Ventura, vise par une enqu\u00eate pour agressions sexuelles\u201d, <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 15 f\u00e9vrier 2019.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Qui suis-je pour juger\u00a0? \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Who I\u2019m to judge\u00a0? \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Verdi (Giuseppe)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 On homosexual characters in Verdi\u2019s operas, I use Dominique Fernandez, <em>Amants d\u2019Apollon, L\u2019homosexualit\u00e9 dans la culture<\/em>, Grasset, 2015 (see : \u201cIl Lacerato spirito\u201d, pp. 227-242)<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Vigan\u00f2 (Carlo Maria) &amp; Vigan\u00f2 Testimonianza<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><em>\u25ca See also: Pope Francis ; Cardinal Burke ; McCarrick (Theodore) ; US.<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 <strong>On Vigan\u00f2 in general<\/strong> : Secretary-General of the Governorate of Vatican City State from 16 July 2009 to 3 September 2011 and Apostolic Nuncio to the United States from 19 October 2011 to 12 April 2016. See also Emiliano Fittipaldi, <em>Lussuria, Peccati, scandali e tradimenti di una Chiesa fatta di uomini<\/em>, Feltrinelli, 2017 (he explains how Vigan\u00f2 might have helped to provide cover for John C. Nienstedt and sexual abusers).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Vigan\u00f2 and Vatileaks<\/strong> : According to some letters published in the book \u201c<em>Sua Santit\u00e0. Le carte segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>\u201d by Gianluigi Nuzzi, Vigan\u00f2 complained about the corruption in Vatican finances and was convinced of having a defamation campaign launched against him.\u00a0In one of the letters sent to Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of State at the time, he tried to clean up his own image by talking about a mysterious Doctor X, without naming him. \u2022 According to Vigan\u00f2, this Doctor X told Bertone that Vigan\u00f2 was gay and this could be one of the reasons why Vigan\u00f2 was removed from his job in 2011.\u2022 Vigan\u00f2 says he\u2019s not gay and that this Doctor X, described as a person very close to Tarcisio Bertone, is in fact gay himself, as well as a slanderer. Vigan\u00f2 says that: \u201c<em>His inclination has been confirmed to me by people from the Curia and from the diplomatic service. I\u2019m ready to give names of all the people who were aware of that, including several bishops and priests<\/em>\u201d (from the chapter \u201c<em>Corruzione nei sacri palazzi<\/em>\u201d). See Gianluigi Nuzzi, <em>Sua Saintita, La Carte Segrete di Benedetto XVI<\/em>, 2012, trans. in French : <em>Sa Saintet\u00e9, Scandale au Vatican<\/em>, Priv\u00e9, 2012 ; Nicolas Diat, <em>L\u2019Homme qui ne voulait pas \u00eatre pape, Histoire secrete d\u2019un r\u00e8gne<\/em>, Albin Michel, 2014 (chapter 27 ; not translated into English nor Italian).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On Vigan\u00f2 \u201cTestimonianza\u201d (August 2018)<\/strong> : original document <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">here<\/a> ; also in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a> ; and original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a>. The letter was published by the journalist Marco Tosatti, a Francis critic (<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/351a31e0144845afb58ff2ed345ceda9\">source<\/a>). Among hundreds of articles that have been published on this subject, I use : Jason Horowitz, \u201cPope Francis Long Knew of Cardinal\u2019s Abuse and Must Resign, Archibishop Says\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/26\/world\/europe\/pope-ireland-sexual-abuse-letter-vigano.html\">New York Times<\/a>, August 26, 2018 ; Michael Sean Winters, \u201cVigano Letter exposes the putsch against Pope Francis\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/distinctly-catholic\/vigano-letter-exposes-putsch-against-pope-francis\">National Catholic Reporter<\/a>, August 26, 2018 ; John-Henry Follow, \u201cCardinal Burke responds to former US nuncio\u2019s explosive letter about pope Francis\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/cardinal-burke-responds-to-former-us-nuncios-explosive-letter-about-pope-fr\">Lifesitenews<\/a>, August 26, 2018 ; Elizabeth Dias and Laurie Goodstein, \u201cLetter Accusing Pope Leaves U.S. Catholics in Conflict\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/27\/us\/catholic-church-pope-francis-letter.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Aug 27, 2018 ; Richard P\u00e9rez-Pe\u00f1a, \u201cPope Francis, the Accusations and the Back Story\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/27\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-vigano-mccarrick.html\">New York Times<\/a>, August 27, 2018 ; Jason Harowitz, The Man Who Took On Pope Francis : The Story Behind the Vigan\u00f2 Letter, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/28\/world\/europe\/archbishop-carlo-maria-vigano-pope-francis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Aug 28, 2018 ; \u201cThe Amazing Story of How Archbishop Vigano\u2019s Report Came to Be\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/onepeterfive.com\/the-amazing-story-of-how-archbishop-viganos-report-came-to-be\/\">1P5<\/a>, August 28, 2018 ; Andrea Tornielli, \u201cFact and omissions of Vigano\u2019s Testimony against Francis\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lastampa.it\/2018\/08\/28\/vaticaninsider\/facts-and-omissions-of-vigans-testimony-against-francis-ojjiYm4VJw2e1ELhURticP\/pagina.html\">La Stampa<\/a>, August 28, 2018 ; Sandro Magister, \u201cIl vaticanista Sandro Magister: \u2018La pedofilia nella Chiesa \u00e8 un fenomeno del passato. Ora bisogna fare i conti con l&#8217;omosessualit\u00e0\u2019 \u201d, Italio Oggi, reed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.it\/2018\/08\/29\/il-vaticanista-sandro-magister-la-pedofilia-nella-chiesa-e-un-fenomeno-del-passato-ora-bisogna-fare-i-conti-con-lomosessualita_a_23511553\/\">Huffington Post<\/a>, August 29, 2018 ; Michelle Boorstein, \u201cFormer Vatican Ambassador\u2019s Explosive Letter Reveals influence of conservative Catholic Media Network\u201d, <a href=\"Michelle%2520Boorstein,%2520%25E2%2580%259CFormer%2520Vatican%2520Ambassador%25E2%2580%2599s%2520Explosive%2520Letter%2520Reveals%2520influence%2520of%2520conservative%2520Catholic%2520Media%2520Network%25E2%2580%259D,%2520Washington%2520Post,%2520August%252030,%25202018%2520%253B\">Washington Post<\/a>, August 30, 2018 ; Laurie Goodstein, Jason Horowitz, \u201cIf Cardinal was Under Pope\u2019s Sanctions, Why Has He Allowed at Gala Events ?\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/01\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-benedict-mccarrick.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept 1, 2008 ; David Gardner &amp; Hannah Roberts, \u201cA Vatican Power Play\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/3e77a662-ad04-11e8-94bd-cba20d67390c\">Financial Times<\/a>, Sept 1-2, 2018 ; Jason Horowitz, \u201cDefending Pope Francis, Vatican Allies May Strengthen Vigano\u2019s Hand\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/09\/02\/world\/europe\/pope-francis-archbishop-vigano-kim-davis.html\">New York Times<\/a>, Sept 2, 2018 ; Jean-Marie Gu\u00e9nois, \u201cCette temp\u00eate qui s\u2019abat sur le Vatican\u201d (double-page), <a href=\"http:\/\/premium.lefigaro.fr\/actualite-france\/2018\/09\/03\/01016-20180903ARTFIG00260-scandales-en-serie-le-vatican-dans-la-tourmente.php\">Le Figaro<\/a>, Sept 4, 2018 ; Robert Mickens, \u201cSex, Lies &amp; Vigan\u00f2 Takes. The real and sinful truth behind the archbishop\u2019s accusations\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/international.la-croix.com\/news\/sex-lies-vigan-takes\/8369\">La Croix International<\/a>, Sept 7, 2018.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>Reactions to the Vigan\u00f2 report<\/strong> : Cardinal Burke\u2019s support of the Vigan\u00f2 report, August 26, 2018, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.churchmilitant.com\/news\/article\/cdl.-burke-backs-abp.-vigano-statement\">here<\/a> ; Official reaction by Cardinal Blase Cupich in Chicago (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archchicago.org\/statement\/-\/article\/2018\/08\/26\/statement-of-cardinal-blase-j-cupich-in-response-to-the-testimony-of-former-apostolic-nuncio-to-the-united-states-carlo-maria-vigano\">here<\/a>) ; Official reaction by Cardinal Joseph Tobin in Newark (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rcan.org\/statement-response-testimony-archbishop-carlo-maria-vigan%C3%B2-former-apostolic-nuncio-united-states\">here<\/a>) ; Official reaction of the Dignitatis Humanae Institute (Cardinal Burke and Benjamin Harnwell) on Mgr Vigan\u00f2\u2019s accusation of Cardinal Martino for being homosexual (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dignitatishumanae.com\/index.php\/statement-by-the-director-of-the-dhi-in-response-to-archbishop-carlo-maria-viganos-testimony\/\">here<\/a>) ; Support for the Vigan\u00f2 report by Mgr Cordileone, archbishop of San Francisco (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infocatho.fr\/affaire-mccarrick-mgr-salvatore-cordileone-prend-la-defense-de-mgr-vigano\/\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the Kim Davis story (Pope Francis vs. Vigan\u00f2)<\/strong> : see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/news\/exclusive-vigano-reveals-what-really-happened-when-pope-francis-met-private\">here<\/a> ; and the reaction in a long text by Federico Lombardi, the spokesperson of Pope Benedict XVI (original given to me by F. Lombardi, 2018) and, for Vigan\u00f2\u2019s position.<br \/>\nOn the Kim Davis stories, see : Nicole Winfield, \u201cVatican begins push-back against ex-ambassador over Davis\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/vatican-begins-push-back-against-ex-ambassador-over-205117112.html\">Associated Press<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> Vigan\u00f2 \u201cTestimonianza\u201d (Sept 29, 2018)<\/strong> : original document <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lifesitenews.com\/images\/local\/SCIO_CUI_CREDIDI_-_E.pdf\">here<\/a>. And the reaction by Cardinal Ouellet (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vaticannews.va\/fr\/vatican\/news\/2018-10\/lettre-ouverte-du-cardinal-ouellet.html\">here<\/a>).<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the 3<sup>rd<\/sup> Vigan\u00f2 \u201cTestimonianza\u201d (Oct 19, 2018)<\/strong> : original document in English: LifeSiteNews.com\u00a0; in Italian: AldoMariaValli.it\u00a0; in Spanish: InfoVaticana.com. Among other long developments on homosexuality, Vigan\u00f2 writes : \u201cThis is a crisis due to the scourge of homosexuality, in its agents, in its motives, in its resistance to reform. It is no exaggeration to say that homosexuality has become a plague in the clergy, and it can only be eradicated with spiritual weapons. It is an enormous hypocrisy to condemn the abuse, claim to weep for the victims, and yet refuse to denounce the root cause of so much sexual abuse: homosexuality.\u201d<br \/>\n\u2013 <strong>On the overall Vigan\u00f2 scandal<\/strong> : I have also used the book by Andrea Tornielli and Gianni Valente, Il Giorno del Giuzizio (Nov 2018, Italian version) : for the context (see chap. 1, esp. pp. 16-32) ; on McCarrick designation and Vigano\u2019s omissions (see chap. 2, esp. pp. 33-37) ; on the role of S. Dziwisz (see chap. 2, esp. pp. 41) ; on Ratzinger\/Benedict XVI\u2019s knowledge of the case (see chap. 3, esp. pp. 44-60) ; on Pope Francis\u2019 knowledge of the case (see chap. 4, esp. pp. 78-81, 99-100, 101) ; on the scandals around Francisco Jos\u00e9 Cox in Chile, Cardinal Groer in Austria and Keith O\u2019Brien in UK (see chap. 5, esp. pp. 110-119) ; on the \u201cpolitical fabrications against the Pope\u201d (see chap. 6, esp. pp. 120-129) ; on the situation of the American church and the so-called \u201cschism\u201d (see chap. 7, esp. pp. 130) ; on the fight within the Vatican, especially with Cardinal Burke against Francis (see chap. 12, esp. pp. 240-241). See also, for an overall background (before the Vigan\u00f2 scandal), the series by James Alison, \u201cCaught in a trap of dishonesty\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetablet.co.uk\/features\/2\/14068\/homosexuality-among-the-clergy-caught-in-a-trap-of-dishonesty\">The Tablet<\/a>, 4 &amp; 11 August 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Villot (Jean)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Secretary of State under Paul VI<br \/>\n<em>\u25ca See : Paul VI ; Macchi (Pasquale) ; Marcinkus (Paul C.)<br \/>\n<\/em>\u2013 I use mainly Antoine Wenger\u2019s biography of Jean Villot: Antoine Wenger, <em>Le Cardinal Jean Villot, 1905-1979, pref. Ren\u00e9 R\u00e9mond<\/em>, Descl\u00e9e De Brouwer, 1989. See also : Beno\u00eet Fournier, Le Cardinal Jean Villot, Secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat de trois papes, Pr\u00e9face de Paul Poupard, Parole et silence, 2017.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Amour d\u2019amiti\u00e9 \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Love friendship \u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Vinci<\/strong><strong> (L\u00e9onard de)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>\u25ca <\/em><\/strong><em>Voir Leonardo da Vinci.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Voltaire<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Biographies : Pierre Milza, <em>Voltaire<\/em>, Perrin, 2007, reed. Tempus (see chapter 20) ; Andr\u00e9 Maurois, <em>Voltaire<\/em>, Grasset, 1935.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2014 W X Y Z \u2014<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Wilde<\/strong><strong> (Oscar)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 I use <em>The Picture of Dorian Gray<\/em> from the MacMillan Collectors Library\u2019s edition, 2017. For the self-censured parts, I use Donald F. Lawler\u2019s very interesting book\u00a0: <em>An Inquiry into Oscar Wilde\u2019s Revisions of The Picture of Dorian Gray<\/em>, Garland, 1988 ; and, in French, Oscar Wilde, Le Portrait de Dorian Gray Non Censur\u00e9, Les Cahiers Rouges\/Grasset, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 Biography\u00a0: On the life of Oscar Wilde, I use Richard Ellmann\u2019s biography, <em>Oscar Wilde<\/em>, Penguin Books, 1987 (ed 1988) and the interesting texts by Andr\u00e9 Gide, \u00ab\u00a0Wilde\u00a0\u00bb, Essais Critiques, Pl\u00e9iade\/Gallimard, 1999, pp. 836-854 and, even more important, <em>Les Nourritures terrestres<\/em>, 1897, <em>L\u2019Immoraliste<\/em>, 1902, and <em>Si le grain ne meurt<\/em>, 1924\/1926. I\u2019ve also used: Dominique Fernandez, <em>Le Rapt de Ganym\u00e8de<\/em>, Grasset, 1989 (especially the chapter \u201cLe Portrait de Dorian Gray : un muse des bonheurs\u201d) ; Colm T\u00f3ib\u00edn, <em>Love in a dark time<\/em>, Scribner, 2001 (see the text on Oscar Wilde) ; Peter Ackroyd, <em>Queer City<\/em>, Rey, 2017.<br \/>\n\u2013 About Oscar Wilde\u2019s \u201cshort cape\u201d, see : Oscar Wilde, <em>A l\u2019Heure du th\u00e9<\/em>, Les Cahiers Rouges\/Grasset, 2009 (a compilation of his main articles).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Women and the church &amp; Feminism<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 Lucetta Scaraffia, <em>Du Dernier Rang, La femme dans l\u2019\u00c9glise<\/em>, Salvator, 2016.<br \/>\n\u2013 See also the book by Silea Balano, who pretented to be a lesbian and went to confession : Nel Nome del Padre, 2002.<br \/>\n\u2013 About the debate on the \u201cexploitation of the nuns\u201d, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.valeursactuelles.com\/societe\/eglise-le-vatican-denonce-lexploitation-des-religieuses-93688\">Valeurs Actuelles<\/a>.<br \/>\n\u2013 About the question of the sons and daughters of priests, see : Faustine Vincent, \u201cTel pr\u00eatre, tel fils\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/international\/article\/2018\/11\/29\/ces-enfants-de-pretres-que-l-eglise-ne-veut-pas-voir_5390153_3210.html\">Le Monde<\/a>, Nov 30, 2018.<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is mainly used as background information in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Wuerl (Donald)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u2013 US cardinal<br \/>\n\u2013 Sexual abuse cover-up : Cardinal Donald Wuerl was criticized in the Vigan\u00f2 Memo in August 2018 (here the original in <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.scribd.com\/document\/387040693\/ITALIAN-ORIGINAL-TEXT-of-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigano-s-testimony\">Italian<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.documentcloud.org\/documents\/4786599-Testimony-by-Archbishop-Carlo-Maria-Vigan%C3%B2.html\">English<\/a> ; in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riposte-catholique.fr\/archives\/146870\">French<\/a>) ; he is also mentionned on the \u201cdirty dozen\u201d list edited by the Survivors\u2019 Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) (<a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2013\/03\/06\/world\/europe\/vatican-pope-selection\/index.html\">source here<\/a>).<br \/>\n{<u>further reading<\/u>}\u00a0<em>This subject is developed in the book <\/em>Sodoma<em>\/<\/em>In the Closet of the Vatican<em> by F. Martel in chapter(s)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La Th\u00e9orie du genre \u00bb (french version) \/ \u00ab\u00a0Gender Theory\u00a0\u00bb (english version).<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h2>Credits &amp; Quotations<u><\/u><\/h2>\n<p>In this book, some information and a few quotations were used from F. Martel previous books\u00a0:<br \/>\n\u2013 <em>Le Rose et le Noir, Les Homosexuels en France depuis 1968<\/em>, trans. in english by Stanford University press, 1996\u00a0;<br \/>\n\u2013 <em>De la Culture en Am\u00e9rique<\/em>, Gallimard, 2006\u00a0;<br \/>\n\u2013 <em>Global Gay<\/em>, Flammarion, 2013, trans. in English MIT Press, 2018.<\/p>\n<p>I also use many information (dates, names) from the official Vatican\u2019s directory :<br \/>\n\u2013 <em>Annuario Pontificio<\/em>, Citt\u00e0 del Vaticano, Libreria Eidtrice Vaticana, 2\u00a0343 p. : I have used the 1978 ; 1989 ; 1995 ; 2016 and 2017s editions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Quotations<u><\/u><\/h3>\n<p>\u2013 Arthur Rimbaud\u2019s quotes are numerous in <em>Sodoma<\/em>. Rimbaud is called \u201cThe Poet\u201d in the book. The 23 quotes from Rimbaud, and twenty+ more words or expressions, are taken from his poetry, especially from : \u00ab\u00a0Une saison en enfer\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Illuminations\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Un c\u0153ur sous une soutane\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Mes Petites amoureuses\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Les Po\u00e8tes de sept ans\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Les Premi\u00e8res communions\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Le ch\u00e2timent de Tartufe\u00a0\u00bb and \u00ab\u00a0Lettres dites du Voyant\u00a0\u00bb. All the original quotes are from: Rimbaud, <em>\u0152uvres compl\u00e8tes<\/em>, Biblioth\u00e8que de la Pl\u00e9iade, Gallimard, 2009.<br \/>\nHere is the list of the main Rimbaud\u2019s quotes or expressions :<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0J\u2019ai seul la clef de cette parade sauvage \u00bb (\u201cParade\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Dit sa pri\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019arc-en-ciel \u00bb (\u201cApr\u00e8s le deluge\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0La promesse d\u2019un amour multiple et complexe ! \u00bb (\u201cConte\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Ga\u00eet\u00e9 divine \u00bb (\u201cVies\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0La mauvaiset\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb (word created by Rimbaud in \u201cLettre du Voyant\u201d I).<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9fil\u00e9 de f\u00e9eries \u00bb (\u201cOrni\u00e8res\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Nocturne vulgaire \u00bb (\u201cNocturne vulgaire\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Satanique docteur \u00bb (\u201cVagabonds\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Ce sont des paradis de tristesse \u00bb (\u201cL\u2019\u00e9poux infernal\u201d, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Ah\u00a0!&#8230; les mille amours qui m\u2019ont crucifi\u00e9\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb (\u201cAdieu\u201d, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0N\u2019ayant pas aim\u00e9s de femmes, quoique pleins de sang ! \u00bb (\u201cLes deserts de l\u2019amour\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Bonheur indicible, insupportable meme \u00bb (\u201cConte\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Obscure infortune\u00a0\u00bb (\u201cF\u00eate de la patience\u201d, \u201c\u00c2ge d\u2019or\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 Les \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9s vulgaires \u00bb (\u201cConte\u201d, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab Saltimbanque, mendiant, artiste, bandit, \u2013 pr\u00eatre ! \u00bb (<em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u201cAromates sacr\u00e9s\u201d (\u201cL\u2019\u00e9clair\u201d, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>).<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Inspecter l\u2019invisible et entendre l\u2019inou\u00ef\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Seconde\u00a0\u00bb lettre du voyant)<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Je sens le roussi\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Nuit de l\u2019enfer\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Je suis cach\u00e9 et je ne le suis pas\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Nuit de l\u2019enfer\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Tu veux voir rutiler les bolides ?\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Homme juste\u00a0\u00bb)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Intrigues de g\u00e9nies\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Jeune M\u00e9nage\u00a0\u00bb)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Le front plein d\u2019\u00e9minences \u00bb (\u201cLes Po\u00e8tes de sept ans\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Pluie de vent de diamants\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Barbare\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab J\u2019\u00e9tais bien jeune, et Christ a souill\u00e9 mes haleines. \u00bb (\u201cPremi\u00e8res communions\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab Charg\u00e9 de mon vice, le vice qui a pouss\u00e9 ses racines de souffrance \u00e0 mon c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de raison \u2013 qui monte au ciel, me bat, me renverse, me tra\u00eene \u00bb. (\u201cMauvais sang\u201d, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0\u00d4 Christ ! \u00e9ternel voleur des \u00e9nergies\u00a0\u00bb (Premi\u00e8res communions)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Les mille amours qui m\u2019ont crucifi\u00e9\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Des vieilles amours mensong\u00e8res, \u00ab\u00a0Couples menteurs\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Adieu\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Gai venin\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0F\u00eates de la faim\u00a0\u00bb)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Orient, la patrie primitive\u00a0\u00bb (L\u2019impossible, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab Je n\u2019aime pas les femmes. L\u2019amour est \u00e0 r\u00e9inventer. \u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Vierge folle\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 Excerpts : the expressions \u00ab intimit\u00e9s des s\u00e9minaristes \u00bb, \u00ab rev\u00eatue la robe sacr\u00e9e \u00bb,<br \/>\n\u00ab capote de s\u00e9minariste \u00bb, \u00ab les yeux \u00e9merg[ent] de sa graisse \u00bb are from \u00ab Un C\u0153ur sous une soutane \u00bb.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Il interrogea l&#8217;atmosph\u00e8re d&#8217;une fa\u00e7on inqui\u00e8te \u00bb, <em>Un Coeur sous une soutane<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9gar\u00e9 dans cette soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e9chante \u00bb, <em>Un Coeur sous une soutane<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0\u00d4 buffet du vieux temps, tu sais bien des histoires \u00bb, <em>Le Buffet<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Une d\u00e9bandade de parfums \u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0Matin\u00e9e d\u2019ivresse \u00bb, <em>Illuminations<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Lectures mal bienveillantes \u00bb, <em>Ce qu\u2019on dit au po\u00e8te \u00e0 propos des fleurs<\/em>.<br \/>\n\u2022 The expressions \u00ab Vierge folle \u00bb and \u00ab \u00e9poux infernal \u00bb are from <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>, and for one part, from the Gospels, Matthieu, XXV, 1-13).<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab Folle par affection \u00bb\u00a0(from a poem without title, in July 1872, \u00ab\u00a0Bruxelles\u00a0\u00bb \/\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Plates-bandes d\u2019amarantes\u00a0\u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0O\u00f9 mille diables bleus dansent dans l\u2019air\u00a0\u00bb (from a poem without title, in July 1872, \u00ab\u00a0Bruxelles\u00a0\u00bb \/\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Plates-bandes d\u2019amarantes\u00a0\u00bb).<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u00ab Vraiment, c\u2019est b\u00eate, ces \u00e9glises de villages \u00bb o\u00f9 les bambins \u00e9coutent \u00ab les divins babillages \u00bb. (\u201cLes Premi\u00e8res Communions\u201d)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0No\u00ebl sur la terre\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Matin\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Le cur\u00e9 aura emport\u00e9 la clef de l&#8217;\u00e9glise\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Enfance\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Illuminations<\/em>)<br \/>\n\u2022 The expression \u00ab\u00a0Dr\u00f4le de m\u00e9nage \u00bb, the title of one chapter of Sodoma, is taken from Rimbaud\u2019s <em>Une Saison en enfer<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 From Paul Verlaine, \u00ab\u00a0F\u00e9rus d\u2019une m\u00e2le rage de voyage\u00a0\u00bb (Mes Prisons)\u00a0; \u00ab Don Juan pip\u00e9 \u00bb (\u00ab\u00a0Don Juan Pip\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, in <em>Cellulairement<\/em>)\u00a0; \u00ab\u00a0Le roman de vivre \u00e0 deux hommes \/ Mieux que non pas d\u2019\u00e9poux mod\u00e8les\u00a0\u00bb (\u201cL\u00e6ti et Errabundi\u201d ou \u201cJoyeux et vagabonds\u201d) ; \u201cL\u2019injure des hommes \/ Qu\u2019est-ce que cela fait ? \/ Va, notre coeur sait \/Seul ce que nous sommes\u201d (\u201cJadis et Nagu\u00e8re\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 From Oscar Wilde, I use a few quotes of <em>Le Portrait de Dorian Gray<\/em>, Folio, ed. Jean Gall\u00e9gno, pp. 55, 76, 81, 133 et 199.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Georges Bernanos : \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9pouvant\u00e9s, ils r\u00e9p\u00e8tent la formule de Bernanos\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0N\u00e9 pour faire une carri\u00e8re et non pas une vie\u00a0\u00bb Bernanos, <em>Une nuit\u00a0<\/em>; phrase pr\u00e9sente aussi dans le roman <em>La Joie<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Marguerite Yourcenar\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Clou\u00e9 au corps aim\u00e9 comme un crucifi\u00e9 \u00e0 sa croix\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 L\u00e9on Bloy\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Il n\u2019y a qu\u2019une tristesse, c\u2019est de n\u2019\u00eatre pas des saints\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 From Rabelais, I use a few sentences, between quotations marks, from <em>Gargantua et Pantagruel<\/em>, Quarto\/Gallimard\u00a0: Livre V\u00a0: pp. 1323, 1335.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 From Jean Genet, I use a few expressions from <em>Notre-Dame-des-Fleurs<\/em>, 1948, Folio, 2015.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Neal Cassady : \u00ab\u00a0Christ\u00a0! I\u2019m getting corny\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: in Letters to Jack Kerouac, p. 60. The word \u201cunstraight\u201d appears in a letter of Jack Kerouac, p. 28 ; the expression \u201ca lack of straightness\u201d, p. 41.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Fran\u00e7ois Ren\u00e9 de Chateaubriand : Il \u00ab serait un homme \u00e0 chasser de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine s\u2019il n\u2019avait partag\u00e9 et surpass\u00e9 les rigueurs qu\u2019il imposait aux autres \u00bb (<em>Vie de Ranc\u00e9)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Marcel Proust : \u201c<em>Ces descendants des Sodomistes (\u2026) se sont fix\u00e9s sur toute la terre, ils ont eu acc\u00e8s \u00e0 toutes les professions et entrent si bien dans les clubs les plus ferm\u00e9s que, quand un sodomiste n\u2019y est pas admis, les boules noires y sont en majorit\u00e9 celles des sodomistes, mais qui ont soin d\u2019incriminer la sodomie, ayant h\u00e9rit\u00e9 le mensonge qui permit \u00e0 leurs anc\u00eatres de quitter la ville maudite. Il est possible qu\u2019ils y retournent un jour. Certes, ils forment dans tous les pays une colonie orientale, cultiv\u00e9e, musicienne, m\u00e9disante, qui a des qualit\u00e9s charmantes et d\u2019insupportables d\u00e9fauts. On les verra d\u2019une fa\u00e7on plus approfondie au cours des pages qui suivront ; mais on a voulu provisoirement pr\u00e9venir l\u2019erreur funeste qui consisterait, de meme qu\u2019on a encourage un mouvement sioniste, \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un mouvement sodomiste et \u00e0 reb\u00e2tir Sodome<\/em>\u201d. A la Recherche du temps perdu, Sodome et Gomorrhe, I, p. 33 (Folio, Gallimard).<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Andr\u00e9 Gide\u00a0:<br \/>\n\u2022 \u00ab\u00a0Je ne suis qu\u2019un petit gar\u00e7on qui s\u2019amuse \u2013 doubl\u00e9 d\u2019un pasteur protestant qui l\u2019ennuie.\u00a0\u00bb <em>Journal<\/em>, June 22, 1907.<br \/>\n\u2022\u00a0\u201cCet effort abominable pour emporter au paradis ces p\u00e9ch\u00e9s\u201d, <em>Journal<\/em>, 1913.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 La phrase \u201cHoneycomb of closets\u201d is from Mark Jordan, in <em>The silence of sodom: homosexuality in \u00a0modern catholicism<\/em><em>,<\/em> Chicago University Press 2000, p. 89.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of content Note to the readers Sources (organized by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[68,42],"tags":[47],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1201"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1594,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1201\/revisions\/1594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/new.fredericmartel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}